06 23 2004 COW Agenda
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE MEETING AGENDA
DATE: WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 2004
TIME: 9:00 a.m.
ROBINSON ROOM
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1. NOTICE OF ADDITIONS TO AGENDA
2. ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA
3. DISCLOSURE OF PECUNIARY INTEREST AND THE GENERAL NATURE
THEREOF: - "IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ACT"
4. DEPUTATIONS:
None.
5. CORRESPONDENCE:
a) Midland Public Library Board, minutes of April 8,2004 meeting.
b) Oro-Medonte History Association, minutes of May 27,2004 meeting.
c) Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, LSRCA Staff Report 30-04-BOD re: Big
Bay Point Resort Community Development, County of Simcoe.
d) Gayle Wood, Chair, Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy Steering
Committee, correspondence dated May 31,2004 re: "State of the Lake Simcoe
Watershed Report", 2003 (report available in the Clerk's office).
6. FINANCE, ADMINISTRATION AND FIRE:
a) Report No. ADM 2004-25, Doug Irwin, Records Management Co-ordinator, re: Job
Creation Partnership Proposal.
b) Report No. TR 2004-18, Paul Gravelle, Treasurer, re: Insurance Proposals.
c) Report No. ADM 2004-29 Jennifer Zieleniewski, CAO, re: Capital Projects Update (to
be distributed at meeting).
d) Report No. ADM 2004-27, Jennifer Zieleniewski, CAO re: Oro-Medonte Community
Policing Committee, 2004 Grant Request (deferred from March 24, 2004 Committee of
the Whole meeting).
e) Report No. ADM 2004-30, Jennifer Zieleniewski, CAO re: Lake Simcoe Regional Airport
Development.
f) Oro-Medonte Recreation Technical Support Group, minutes of June 10, 2004 meeting.
g) Report No. PR 2004-05, Chris Carter, Recreation Co-ordinator, re: Request Permission
for the Use of Alcohol at Bayview Memorial Park for Joe Johnson Equipment Inc.
Employee Appreciation Day.
h) Chris Carter, Recreation Co-ordinator, re: Application for Grant/Subsidy for Shanty Say
Public School
-
,
7. PUBLIC WORKS:
a) Report No. PW 2004-06, Jerry Ball, Public Works Superintendent, re: Use of All-Terrain
Vehicles (ATV's) on Municipal Roads.
8. ENGINEERING & ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES:
a) Report No. EES 2004-35, Keith Mathieson, Director of Engineering and Environmental
Services, re: Actual Water Use Charges.
9. BUILDING, PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT:
a) Planning Advisory Committee, minutes of June 14, 2004 meeting.
b) Committee of Adjustment, minutes of June 10, 2004 meeting.
c) Report No. PD 2004-32, Andria Leigh, Senior Planner re: Draft Parkland Dedication
Policy.
d) Report No. BD 2004-06, Ron Kolbe, Director of Building/Planning Development re:
Building Report, May, 2004.
10. IN-CAMERA:
a) Jennifer Zieleniewski, CAO, re: Legal Matter.
11. ADJOURNMENT:
****
SPECIAL COUNCIL MEETING IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING
COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE
2
"
ADDENDUM
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COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE MEETING
Wednesday, June 23, 2004
6. FINANCE, ADMINISTRATION AND FIRE:
i) Report No. ADM 2004-31, Jennifer Zieleniewski, CAO re: Reduction in Securities for
Sale of Land - Block 16, RPM-746, 10 Forest Hill Drive (Terra Ridge Developments
Inc.).
j) Recognition Committee, re: Senior of the Year Award 2004.
10. IN-CAMERA
b) Jennifer Zieleniewski, CAO, re: Property Matter.
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RECEIVED
MIDLAND PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARD MEETING JUN 1 6 100~
ORO-MEP~1iEof ~
DATE: April 8, 2004 LOCATION: Midland Public Library Boardroom TOWNS
PRESENT: G.A. Walker, C. Moore, A. Wilkes, A. Campbell, R. Allard, Oz Parsons, J. Swick, B. Trounce
ABSENT:
STAFF: G. Griffith, Recording Secretary, B. Molesworth, CEO
"ITEM ISSUE ACTION
#
" 1. Call to order
G.A. Walker called the meeting to order at 7:00 p.m.
2. Approval of the agenda
Additions:
8. Information
8.2 Correspondence
Moved by: A. Wilkes
Seconded by: R. Allard
That the agenda be approved as amended.
CARRIED
3. Approval of the minutes of the previous meeting
Point of clarification for 7.2 AMPLO stands for the Association of Medium
sized Public Libraries of Ontario.
Moved by: C. Moore
Seconded by: O. Parsons
That the minutes of the Board meeting held on March 11,2004 be approved.
CARRIED
4. Business arising from the minutes
4.1 Library's Web PagelReference Resources
B. Molesworth reported that we are preparing to launch the new site. It
will be launched from the Library's server. Our student is currently
adding information.
4.2 Overdues Procedures
B. Molesworth reported that for 9 weeks now we have been using the
new accelerated overdues calling process. It has been quite successful.
At the end of a 6-week cycle the 120 calls per week that are normally
made have been reduced to an average of 5 still outstanding. He
suggested that we keep using this process through the summer to see if
it continues to work.
"t. "
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MIDLAND PUBLIC LffiRARY BOARD MEETING
Page 2 of 4
DATE: AprilS, 2004
LOCATION: Midland Public Library Boardroom
ITEM
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5. Approval of tbe accounts
ISSUE
ACTION
..
Moved by: A. Campbell
Seconded by: R. Allard
That the accounts for the month of March 2004 totalling $12.815.35 be
approved.
",
CARRIED
6. Reports of Board Committees
6.1 Finance Committee - Art Campbell, Chairman
The Financial Statement for the 3 months ending March 31, 2004 was
distributed. A. Campbell pointed out that without an approved budget
line it's hard to compare but everything looks fine.
6.2 Strategic Planning Committee
We are still trying to get Focus groups organized. B. Molesworth went
to the newspapers and they were interested enough to run a story. The
high schools have only supplied a few. Response has been limited in all
groups. B. Molesworth will contact elementary schools. Posters have
been put up. B. Molesworth also spoke of a draft plan he produced for
the Strategic Planning Committee for discussion purposes but the focus
groups are the priority right now. School councils will be approached as
well.
6.3 Fundraising Committee - O. Parsons, Chairman
O. Parsons distributed a draft plan to work toward a future capital
campaign listing goals, aims and objectives.
A bulk mailing to the community is one way to start laying the
groundwork. We can use names and addresses of Library members as
long as we don't share this mailing list with other organizations. There
will be an initial outlay of money for postage. Co-ordination with the
Chief Librarian, Staff and volunteers is key. The idea is to start with
small successes and build momentum toward a large capital campaign.
1. Swick suggested that we make ourselves known to the Huronia
Communities Foundation so that when people are donating money they
think of the Library.
. .
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MIDLAND PUBLIC LffiRARY BOARD MEETING
Page 3 of 4
DATE: March 11,2004
LOCATION: Midland Public Library Boardroom
ITEM ISSUE
#
6. Reports of Board Committees - continued
ACTION
6.4
Policy Committee
"
B. Trounce reported the committee has met 5 times and has reviewed
the Town's personnel document in relation to the Library's reality.
We are now looking at the 1993 Midland Public Library Policy with
an eye to amalgamating the two documents.
The Committee is also working toward July when the Town's job
review should be complete. A lot of detailed work is involved.
B. Trounce asked for the Board's direction as to how they wish to move
forward once the Committee has a finished draft. It was agreed that the
final draft be brought forward to the Board for approval.
6.5 Report from tbe Friends of the Midland Public Library
- G.A. Walker
G.A. Walker gave a progress report regarding the May 1st dinner/dance.
A detailed menu was outlined. The Friends are still looking for silent
auction items. A wine list has been selected and wine will be available
for purchase.
7. New business
7.1 Lecture Series
B. Molesworth informed the Board of a series of lectures he has been
working on to run every other Thursday evening starting April 29th until
the end of June. The new Friends Newsletter will list the speakers.
8. Information
8.1 Chief Librarian's Report
B. Molesworth informed the Board that Joseph Beausoleil has begun
working with us filling in for Amy Clennett's maternity leave.
MIDLAND PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARD MEETING
DATE: April 8, 2004
LOCA TION: Midland Public Library Boardroom
ITEM
#
8. Information - continued
ISSUE
8.2 Correspondence
B. Molesworth read from a fax inviting the Library to attend a Midland
& Area community Forum to be held Saturday, April 24th. This forum is
being sponsored by Huronia Communities Foundation, Township of
Tiny and Training & Consulting Services (TCS) of the United Way of
Greater Simcoe County. It is a networking opportunity for not-for-profits
and charities in the community.
B. Molesworth read from an e-mail from the Ontario Library Boards
Association informing the Board of a workshop being offered for new
and returning Library Board members.
Before the meeting adjourned, a suggestion was made that
B. Molesworth approach the newspapers about the Lecture Series with
the hope of having it announced in the Community Events section.
9 Adjournment
Moved by: A. Campbell
That the meeting be adjourned at 8:20 p.m.
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.C;Z<~,'U;Jo-zJ~
Chairman of the Board
Chief Librarian
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Page 4 of 4
ACTION
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RECEIVED
Oro-Medonte History Association
Meeting Minutes, 27 May 2004
Members in attendance:
Chair - Sheila Kirkland
Vice-Chair - Jadeen Henderson
Bruce Wiggins
Geoffrey Booth
JUN 1 0 200~
ORO-MEDONTE
TOWNSHIP
'It
Absent:
Councilor Ruth Fountain
Allan Howard
Meeting called to order at 8 p.m.
Errors/omissions/adoption of 13 May minutes:
. Moved by Sheila. Seconded by Bruce. PASSED.
Business Arising/Action Plan Update:
. Collingwood museum date to be detennined by Jadeen.
Portfolio Updates
. Public Relations - pictures of West Oro and African Church pews, etc. received
from Jadeen. Will be forwarded to North Simcoe News. Text already sent.
. African Church - placement of rocks around perimeter of site on hold. A picket
fence may be more historically accurate reflection of its past. Plaquettes still
being made. Jadeen requested that plastic bins be purchased, to store these
pictures - unanimous agreement that these be bought through the Association
budget. Pen and ink drawings taken to Township office. Jennifer will look after
getting them framed and mounted for display there.
Bruce suggested that an information kiosk/stand be set up at the site, to provide
passersby with historical background, etc. This may help alleviate the necessity
for interpretation from Members.
Insurance concerns were raised regarding Members' coverage while hosting the
public onsite. Are we considered as acting in an official capacity on behalf of the
Township when we conduct these events? All members were asked to bring a list
of ideas to the next meeting regarding how the Church site should be used i.e.
Who should have access and for what purpose.
. Kith in' Kin - group meeting planned for June 1. Joanna McEwan will act as an
advisor to the project.
So-~
Other Business
· Bruce will contact Allan re: history materials. Will also contact records manager
Doug Irwin.
· Association (through Chair) to set up meeting promote linkages with Township,
possible dates June 15 or 23. Doug Irwin to be approached as a liaison between
Township and Association.
· Jadeen to confinn a date for Rita Whiston to speak to Association. Possibly June
10 or 24.
Correspondence
· Letter from the Rev. Peter Kinsberry, Midhurst United Church, requesting that a
special service be held at African Church..
Meeting adjourned at 9:15 p.m.
Next meeting: Thursday, 10 June 2004,8 p.m. at Quigley's restaurant.
2
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.~\L ~-_.(9~~ Vt!D,^~ ~~"-
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~ ~~~~ ~ St~ff Report No. 30-04-BOD'~ ~
_ -.... ~ ~~ Page No. 10f8
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.. ~. . ~ \ ~ , r.----Q. Agenda Item No. 11 BOD 05 04
.. · . . ~ - ~~ dk ~ \~I {)A-C-~; ~>
TO)
Board of Directors
..
FROM:
Michael Walters
Director, Environmental Services
DATE :
May11,2004
SUBJECT:
. Big Bay Point Resort Community
County of Simcoe
Part of Lots 26 to 30, Concession 13
Town of Innisfil
File: SC-OPA-0203
RECOMMENDATION:
THAT Staff Report No; 30-04-BOD concerning
the status of the Authority's review regarding
the proposed Big. Bay Point Resort
Community Development be received for
information.
t
Purpose of Staff Report:
The purpose of this Staff Report isto'update the Board of Directors concerning the status
of the Authority's review regarding the proposed Big Bay Point Resort Community
Development located in the Town of Innisfil, County of Simcoe.'
Background:
In April of 2003 the Authority was formally circulated technical reports and the Master Plan
for the Big Bay Point Resort Community, 2002, for Geranium Corporation from the County
of Simcoe and the Town of Innisfil. The Authority was asked to comment on the planning
and technical reports in accordance with the Authority's planning agreement with the
County of Simcoe and the Town of Innisfil. Due to the size of the proposed development,
and the significant environmental challenges believed to exist, a staff working group was
assembled representing the necessary inter-disciplinary expertise required to comment on
the reports. ..-
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157
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Staff Report No.
Page No.
. File No.
Agenda Item No.
30-04-BOD
2 of 8
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11 BOD-05-04
To date, Authority staff have met numerous times with the proponent and their consultants
and have provided formal correspondence on May 30,2003 and May 5,2004 (attached).
The initial written comments identified specific Authority concerns, and the second piece
of correspondence was in response to additional information provided by the proponent
and his consultants.
lit
The Authority review and planning process is nearing completion on the proposed
development and it is anticipated that the initial Authority concerns identified will have been
addressed by the end of June. A number of technical requirements (issuance of permits
and technical approvals) will remain outstanding to be completed at a later date during the
site plan development process. A brief description of the proposed development, Authority
concerns, and proposed solutions are provided in the following report.
, .
Location:
The Big Bay Point Resort development planning area comprises approximately 239
hectares (590 acres) and is located in the northeastern part of the Townof Innisfil on Big
Bay Point, between Kempenfelt Bay and open waters of Lake Simcoe. The lands are
bounded by Lake Simcoe to the east, Thirteenth Line to the south and Big Bay Point Road
to the west and north (see Figure 1.0). The lands are legally described as Part of Lots 26, .
27,28,29, and 30, Concession 13, and Part of the Bed of Lake Simcoe in Front of Lot30,
Concession 13 in the Town of Innisfil, County of Simcoe.
Existing Land. Uses:
The lands proposed for development currently include an operating marina (containing 387
boat slips), agricultural lands which occupy the westerly portion of the property, an
abandoned gravel pit located in the northwestern corner, and seasonally wet and wooded
areas. Land use activities adjacent to the proposed development. include: seasonal
cottages, permanent residences, agricultural and wooded areas (Figure 2.0).
. Proposed Development:
The plans call for the re-development, improvement and enlargement of the existing
marina and the building of 3,200 housing units in a self-contained resort lifestyle
community. The resort community would be completed in stages over a 15 year period.
It will ultimately accommodate 6,500 to 8,000 people. The design of the Big Bay Point
Resort contains a mixture. of open space and recreational uses intermingled with
residential, commercial, cultural and civic uses. A main feature of the development is the
enlarged marina with approximately 1,130 boat slips and an 18-hole golf course (Figure
3.0).
.
158
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Staff Report No.
Page No.
File No.
Agenda Item No.
30-04-80D
3 of 8
11 BOD-05-04
Issues:
.
The Authority was circulated'the proposed technical documents for review and comment
on January 30,2003. The Authority staff have been working with the proponent (Geranium
Corporation) and his consultants to resolve Authority concerns. The main Authority
concerns associated with the proposed development include the following and are
discussed in greater detail below:
a) The ability to maintain ecological form and function of the property, specifically:
· the potential loss of natural heritage features associated with the proposed
development (wetlands, woodlands, animal habitat); and
· the ,impact, of the proposed development on the quantity and quality of
ground and surface water, and more specifically, the impact that the
development will have on phosphorus loading to Lake Simcoe.
b) The.future provision of a complete and comprehensive functioning servicing plan forthe
site.
It
EcoloQical Form and Functions:
This relates to the sites importance for sustaining the natural environment such as human
and animal life, water balance, and water quality both on the site and within the
, surrounding landscape.
One of the main concerns identified with the proposed development was the loss of
woodland and wetland features and the impact that this loss would have on local wildlife.
The extent of the woodland area and quality of the forest being lost was' considered
significant by staff. The wetland evaluation compl~ted by theconsultant and later reviewed
by Authority staff concluded that the wetland features were not significant and therefore
not subject to protection under the provincial policy statement. It was recognized by the
Authority and the proponent that this los9 could not be mitigated short of denying the
application. As a result, the proponent offered a compromise in the form of a woodland
compensation plan. Simply put, the proponent would purchase and reforestthe equivalent
woodland for every hectare of woodland lost as part of the proposed development. The
proponent also agreed to transfer these lands into public ownership to ensure that they ,
would be protected ina natural state for future generations. Staff indicated that they were
prepared to consider this option.
.
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Page No.
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Agenda Item No.
30-04-BOD
4 of 8
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11 BOD-05-04
In addition to the compensation plan, some specific details regarding maximizing the
suitability of the remaining non-developed lands on the subject site for wildlife habitat have
also been agreed upon to be completed in the future at the site planning stage.
The second main concern relative to maintaining the ecological integrity ofthe site involved
the change in the water quantity and quality associated with the shift in land use from forest
and agriculture to roof tops, 'lawns and paved surfaces. Also of specific interest to the
Authority was the potential for increased phosphorus loading to Lake Simcoe associated
with the proposed development. .
..
With regard to concerns associated with water quantity the consultant was able to satisfy
the Authority requirements arid document that the proposed development would not
negatively impact ground or surface water resources. Recognizing that water quality would .
be a significant issue the proponent approached the Authority with a plan whereby the
development would reduce the existing phosphorus load entering Lake Simcoe by
minimizing the impact of the developed lands and address existing local sources presently
contributing to the lake. The plan involves implementing a series of best management
practice, new technologies and servicing options whereby phosphorus loading from the
developed site was minimized to 9 kg/y or less. In addition, the proponent has agreed to
service some 45 private residences presently on septic systems to further reduce the
loading ent~g Lak~ Stmc..oe by 54 kg/yo As art it is predicted that the combined
activities wi reduce the net loa Ing 0 e ake by a minimum 0 45 kg/yo
.
A Comprehensive Functioning Servicing Plan:
These Authority concerns were preliminary in. nature at the official plan approval stage
however the proponent has agreed to the requirements as stipulated. The proponents
consultants have been notified to expect further. comments and review of certain
components of the proposed development if it is approved by the Province, County of
Simcoe and Town of Innisfil. These include the approval of erosion and sediment control
plans, a detailed servicing plan, and design drawings for Stormwater Management
Facilities. .
Impact on Authoritv Policv:
The proponents offer to purchase lands and establish forest cover to compensate for the
loss of woodland on the subject site, in conjunction with the Authority's acceptance to this
"no net loss in forest area" could set a precedence and should be discussed further with
all approval agencies. Furthermore, the proponents willingness to undertake additional
remedial works to reduce the phosphorus loading to Lake Simcoe should be used as an .
example to other developers within the watershed.
160
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Staff Report No.
Page No.
File No.
Agenda Item No.
30-04-BOD
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Impact on Authority Finances:
There has been no impact on Authority finances at this time other than the expenditure
associated with the staff review. Should the proposed development proceed, the Authority .
would recover a portion of these costs through our plan review\permit fee schedule.
Summary & Recommendations:
That the Staff Report concerning the status of the Authority review regarding the proposed
Big Bay Point Resort Community Development be received for information.
t
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Prepared bY.~~./ -
Director, Environmental Services
Recommended bY'S) D5;b
D. Gayle Wood, CMM III
Chief Administrative Officer/
Secretary-Treasurer
Attachments:
1 . . Correspondence May 30, 2003 & May 5th, 2004
2. Maps (3)
t
S:\GeorginaC\BOD Agenda Items\Big Bay POi!lt board report.wpd
161
LAKE
SIMCOE
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
STRATEGY
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management
· Phase III Implementation rogram.
120 Bayview Parkway, Newmarket, ON L3Y 4X1
Tel: 905895-1281 .. Fax: 905853-5881 · Website: www.lsems.info
May 31,2004
Ms. Marilyn pennycook
Clerk
Township of Oro-Medonte
Box 100
Oro, ON LOL 2XO
JUN 7 6 2004
ORO-MEOONTE
TOWNSHIP
..
Dear Ms. Pennycook:
SUBJECT:
"State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed Report", 2003
On April 7, 2004 we advised you of the release of the "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed Report-
2003" prepared by the LSEMS partners, and provided you with a CD version. We are now happy to
provide you with a copy of the full report and twenty (20) Executive Summaries which have recently been
printed. You will also find the report posted on the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority website
(www.lsrca.on.ca) and the LSEMS website (www.lsems.info).
This report defines the current environmental conditions within the Lake Simcoe Watershed and the
socio-economic pressures impacting the health of the watershed. It is the first step in the development
of an overall Lake Simcoe Watershed Plan and will act as a benchmark for measuring future changes
within the watershed.
We would be pleased to discuss this important report with you, at your convenience. Please do not
hesitate to contact Anne Burgoyne at 905-895-1281 ext 229 if you wish to discuss this report.
Thank you for your continued support.
C@;b _
D. Gayle Wood, CMM III
Chair,
LSEMS Steering Committee
LSEMS Phase III Partners
Chippewas of Georgina First Nations' Department of Fisheries & Oceans' Ministry of Agriculture & Food. Ministry of the Enviromnent
Ministry of Municipal Affairs & Housing. Ministry of Natural Resources. Regional Municipality of Durham. Regional Municipality of York
County of Simcoe. City of Barrie. City of Kawartha Lakes. City of OriIlia . TovVll of Bradford West GwilJimbury . Town of Innisfil
Town of New Tecumseth . Tovo'l1ship of Oro-Medonte . Township of Rarnara . Lake Simcoe Region Conservation FOlmdation
Lake Simcoe Region Conservation
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
A Successful Partnership Approach
To Restore the Health and Quality of Lake Simcoe and its watershed.
E
o
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Chippewas of Georgina First Nations
Department of Fisheries & Oceans
Ministry of Agriculture & Food
Ministry of the Environment
Ministry of Municipal Affairs & Housing
Ministry of Natural Resources
Regional Municipality of Durham
Regional Municipality of York
County of Simcoe
City of Barrie
City of Kawartha Lakes
City of Orillia
Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury
Town of Innisfil
Town of New Tecumseth
Township ofOro-Medonte
Township of Ramara
Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority
Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Foundation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Chapter 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy - Introduction
Background ............................................. 1.1
What Is a Watershed? ..................................... 1.3
Why Plan on a Watershed Basis? ........................... 1.4
What Is the "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed" Report? ........ 1.5
"State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed" Report Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5
The Lake Simcoe Watershed
Understanding the Lake Simcoe Watershed Ecosystem ........... 2.1
Topography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
Landforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
2.3.1 Oak Ridges Moraine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
2.3.2 Peterborough Drumlin Fields and Upland Till Plains ......... 2.5
2.3.3 Simcoe Lowlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
2.3.4 Oro Moraine ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5
Soils ................................................... 2.6
Subwatersheds and Major Tributaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Chapter 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Community
Political Boundaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1
Population Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.1
3.2.1 Social and Environmental Impacts of Population Growth. . . . . . 3.4
Land Use within the Lake Simcoe Watershed ................... 3.6
3.3.1 Urban and Built-Up Areas in the Lake Simcoe Watershed. . . . . 3.6
3.3.2 Agricultural Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8
3.3.3 Impacts on Agriculture ............................... 3.10
3.3.4 Effects of Agriculture on the Environment ................ 3.11
Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12
3.4.1 Impacts on Recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.14
3.4.2 Effects of Recreation on the Environment ................ 3.16
Aggregate Resources ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.17
Natural Hazards ......................................... 3.20
3.6.1 Flooding .......................................... 3.20
3.6.2 Hazardous Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.22
3.5
3.6
Chapter 5 Land
5.1 Wildlife Habitat ........................................... 5.1
5.1.1 Birds.............................................. 5.1
5.1.2 Reptiles and Amphibians .............................. 5.2
5.1.3 Fish............................................... 5.2
5.1.4 Mammals .......................................... 5.3
5.1.5 Invertebrates ....................................... 5.3
5.1.6 Species at Risk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3
5.2 Woodlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4
5.3 Flora. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
5.4 Wetlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
5.5 Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12
5.5.1 Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest . . . . . . . . 5.13
5.5.2 Earth Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest. . . . . . . 5.15
5.6 Unique Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16
5.6.1 Alvars ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16
5.6.2 Prairies and Oak Savannahs .......................... 5.17
5.6.3 Bogs and Fens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18
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Chapter 4 Water
4.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1
4.1.1 Monitoring Water Resources in the Lake Simcoe Watershed .. 4.1
4.2 Water Quality ............................................4.3
4.2.1 Current Water Quality Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3
4.2.2 Surface Water Quality ................................ 4.3
4.2.3 Activities Affecting Surface Water Quality ................ 4.12
4.2.4 Surface Water Quality Monitoring ......................4.18
4.2.5 Lake Simcoe Water Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.19
4.2.6 Open Lake Monitoring. .............................. 4.20
4.2.7 Groundwater Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.21
4.2.8 Activities Affecting Groundwater Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.21
4.2.9 Groundwater Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.22
4.3 Water Quantity .........,........,....................... 4.22
4.3.1 Current Water Quantity Conditions ..................... 4.22
4.3.2 Flooding .......................................... 4.22
4.3.3 Drought........................................... 4.23
4.3.4 Competition for Water Resources ...................... 4.23
4.3.5 Lake Simcoe Water Balance ..........................4.23
4.4 Lake Simcoe Fish Populations .............................. 4.26
4.4.1 Current Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.26
4.4.2 Stressors onthe Lake Simcoe Fishery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.29
4.5 Aquatic Habitat .......................................... 4.32
4.5.1 Tributary Aquatic Resources .......................... 4.33
4.5.2 Benthic Macro Invertebrates Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.34
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Chapter 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Air Quality
Introduction ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1
Factors Affecting Air Quality ................................. 6.1
Impacts on Air Quality ..................................... 6.3
Air Quality Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4
6.4.1 Air Quality Index Results .............................. 6.4
6.4.2 Deposition of Atmospheric Sources of Phosphorus. . . . . . . . . . 6.5
Summary of Current Air Quality Conditions ..................... 6.5
Chapter 7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Directions for Strategy Development
Introduction.. ........................................... 7.1
Reviewing Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.1
7.2.1 Community......................................... 7.1
7.2.2 Water............................................. 7.2
7.2.3 Land ..,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3
7.2.4 Air................................................ 7.4
LSEMS Phase III Commitments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4
7.3.1 Developing the Lake Simcoe Watershed Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4
7.3.2 Supporting the Monitoring Program ...................... 7.5
7.3.3 Public Awareness and Involvement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.6
This "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed" Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6
Location of the Lake Simcoe Watershed ....................... 1.2
The Hydrological Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4
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Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.5
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.5
Figure 3.6
Figure 3.7
Figure 3.8
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.4
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.6
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.8
Figure 4,9
Figure 4.10
Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
Figure 4.13
Figure 4.14
Figure 4.15
Figure 4.16
Figure 4.17
Figure 5.1
Figure 5.2
Figure 5.3
Figure 6.1
Figure 6.2
Figure 6.3
Topography of the Lake Simcoe Watershed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3
Quaternary Geology ....................................... 2.4
Soil Texture Classes in the Lake Simcoe Watershed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6
Soil Types ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8
Lake Simcoe Subwatersheds ................................ 2.9
Political Boundaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
Population Increase: 1991-2001 ............................. 3.3
Increase in Population Density: 1991-2001 ..................... 3.5
Urban Areas ............................................. 3.7
Agricultural Tillage Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9
Number and Duration of Beach Postings, 2002 ................. 3.16
Aggregate Resources .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.18
Generated Floodplain ..................................... 3.21
Water Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2
Monitoring Stations ........................................ 4.4
Location of Urban Areas Modelled ............................ 4.5
Sewage Treatment Plant Locations ...........................4.7
Vegetable Polders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8
Tributary Phosphorus Loads. ................................ 4.9
Sources of Annual TP Load ................................ 4.11
Urban Stormwater Runoff Loadings .......................... 4.13
Sewage Treatment Plant Loadings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16
Phosphorous Concentrations at Six Main Lake Sampling Stations. . 4.20
Lake Simcoe Water Balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.24
Estimated Lake Herring and Rainbow Smelt Catch,
Winter Fishery, 1961 - 2001 ................................ 4.27
Burbot Catch During Lake Simcoe Fall Index Trap-Netting
1976 - 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.28
Catch of Selected Warm-Water Fish Species, Lake Simcoe Nearshore
Community Index Netting Program, 1991-2002 ................. 4.28
Estimated Wild and Stocked Whitefish Catch, Winter Fishery .... . . 4.30
Estimated Wild and Stocked Lake Trout Catch, Winter Fishery . . . . . 4.30
Estimated Yellow Perch Catch, Winter Fishery, 1961-2001 . . . . . . . . 4.31
Woodlands .............................................. 5.5
Wetlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10
Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.14
Air Quality Index Stations ................................... 6.2
Number of Air Quality Advisories Issued, 1993-2001 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5
Number of Days Advisories Were in Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6
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Table 2.1
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 5.1
Table 5.2
Table 6.1
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
Subwatershed Areas of the Lake Simcoe Watershed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7
Area and Watershed Percentage of Local Municipalities ........... 3.1
Vegetable Production in the Holland Marsh Polder
As a Percentage of Total Production .......................... 3.8
Status of Coldwater Fish Species in Lake Simcoe. .............. 4.26
Exotic Species in Lake Simcoe and Potential Impact on
Aquatic Communities ...,.................................4.31
Lake Simcoe Watershed Woodland Cover Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7
Area-Sensitive Wetland Bird Species in the Watershed. . . . . . . . . . . 5.11
Numbers of Air Advisories and Advisory Days ................... 6.4
Appendix 4.1
Appendix 5.1
Appendix 5.2
Appendix 5.3
Appendix 5.4
Appendix 5.5
Fish Species Found in Lake Simcoe
Wildlife Species of the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Species at Risk in the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Vascular Plants of the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Evaluated Wetlands, Lake Simcoe Environmental Management
Strategy
Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest, Lake Simcoe
Environmental Management Strategy
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PART I
INTRODUCTION
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1.0 Background
1.1 Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy - Introduction
For decades, Lake Simcoe has been an invaluable natural and recreational resource. The
lake is part of the Trent-Severn Waterway connecting Lake Ontario to Georgian Bay and
is southern Ontario's largest body of water, excluding the Great Lakes. Located less than
an hour's drive from half the population of Ontario (Figure 1.1), Lake Simcoe has been
estimated to generate more than $200 million annually for the local economy through
recreational activities alone. The lake also provides a source of safe drinking water for five
lakeshore communities and is used to assimilate municipal waste from 14 water pollution
control facilities.
Unfortunately, as a result of the increase in human activities within the Lake Simcoe
watershed the health of Lake Simcoe is declining. Continued urbanization and rural land
use activities within the watershed have been contributing excessive amounts of sediment
and nutrients (especially phosphorus) to the lake. These activities, combined with other
stressors on the resource, such as the introduction of exotic species, fishing, climate
change and atmospheric pollution, have resulted in a significant change in the health of the
ecosystem. The lake no longer supports a self-sustaining coldwater fishery; excessive
aquatic plant and algae growth is choking beaches, marinas and private waterfronts; and
the recreational industry is being threatened.
To ensure that future generations can continue to enjoy the quality of life provided by a
healthy lake, a number of provincial agencies and municipalities, along with the Lake
Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, have been working together to address the
problems plaguing the lake. In the past twenty-five years, concerns have been raised and
remediation works have been initiated to reduce phosphorus loadings and improve sewage
treatment specifically to improve the quality of Lake Simcoe. A formal partnership, known
as the Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy (LSEMS) was responsible for
a number of studies conducted in the mid-1980s that resulted in the launch of an
implementation program in 1990.
The mission of the Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy is:
"To improve and protect the health of the Lake Simcoe watershed ecosystem and
improve associated recreational opportunities by:
.
Restoring a self-sustaining coldwater fishery;
Improving water quality;
Reducing phosphorus loads to Lake Simcoe; and
Protecting natural heritage features and functions."
.
.
.
1.1
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Lake Ontario
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Two phases of the LSEMS program have been implemented: Phase I (1990-95) and
Phase II (1996-2000). A significant amount of progress has been made during this period
including the completion of more than 350 environmental projects, which may result in
preventing approximately 16.5 metric tonnes of phosphorus loading to Lake Simcoe. This
success is tempered by the fact that an additional 25-tonne reduction is necessary to
restore the health of the lake.
Now entering the program's third phase (2001-2007), the LSEMS partners are working
together to obtain the support and assistance of the entire watershed community. An
increasing effort is being made under Phase III to increase public awareness of the LSEMS
program and to provide the public with opportunities to get directly involved. To this end,
the LSEMS partnership has grown to include the Chippewas of Georgina First Nations, all
levelsof government (the Federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans; the Provincial
Ministries of the Environment, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Food, and Municipal
Affairs and Housing; and all regional, county and local municipalities within the watershed),
the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation
Foundation and the watershed community. The addition of a Citizens Advisory Committee
to the LSEMS governance model is one example of how the partnership is providing the
public with more opportunities for involvement.
Other LSEMS efforts focus on reducing water pollution and protecting natural heritage
features. Initiatives such as the Lake Simcoe Water Quality Improvement Program provide
landowners with technical and financial assistance to undertake environmental projects to
improve ecological health. The completion of urban stormwater strategies has resulted in
the implementation of an enhanced program to address stormwater runoff and in the
enforcement of regulations governing the control of sediment and erosion resulting from
new developments. In 2002, the Steering Committee of LSEMS commissioned the State
of the Lake Simcoe Watershed Report for the Lake Simcoe basin. This is the first step in
the development of a basin-wide watershed plan to address future issues associated with
development pressures and other stressors on the Lake Simcoe watershed ecosystem.
1.2 What Is A Watershed?
A watershed is defined as the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.
Watersheds can be considered at different scales, for example a watershed could be the
area that drains into a creek, a lake, or a collection of lakes. It is governed by a process
known as the hydrological cycle (Figure 1.2). Water falls to Earth and drains over and
through the surface soil. In so doing, ittransports materials to lakes and rivers or down into
the ground. This water is essential to sustaining human, plant and animal life. Water is also
used to support human activities associated with agriculture, recreation, industry, energy
production, waste assimilation and domestic life, to name a few. Not surprisingly, then, the
protection of water and its related resources is of paramount importance to our economic,
social and individual well being.
1.3
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'" "
" I "
"1",, '"
Precipita tion
o
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Evapotranspiration
Figure 1.2 The Hydrological Cycle
It is important to realize that everyone, everywhere, lives in a watershed. These areas
encompass homes, farms, forests, wetlands, small towns and big cities. Some watershed
boundaries cross municipal, provincial and even national borders. Watersheds come in all
shapes and sizes; some cover millions of square kilo metres others just a few hectares.
1.3 Why Plan on a Watershed Basis?
The watershed planning process began in the Lake Simcoe basin in the early 1990s out
of public and government concern for the protection and, where possible, improvement of
our water resources. One of the reasons that it has been so successful is that it uses
watershed boundaries and an ecosystem approach to planning. Ecosystems are described
as "dynamic, interacting, living systems: humans are part of them, not separate"
(Regeneration, 1992). The ecosystem approach embraces the concept that "everything is
connected to everything else." It recognizes that human land use can have a significant
impact on our water resources and subsequently on the aquatic and terrestrial organisms
that depend on these resources to survive.
The advantage of using a watershed boundary for planning and policy implementation is
that the study area is essentially a water-based ecosystem. Therefore, the consequences
of future land use in the watershed can be evaluated based on their cumulative effect
relative to all natural resources contained within the ecosystem. This provides politicians
and agency staff with the information to make more informed planning decisions and it can
streamline future land use approvals by immediately outlining regulatory restrictions or
other potential land use constraints upfront. Most importantly, the resource can be
protected and the impact of human land use can be mitigated.
1.4
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Therefore, watershed planning enables decision-makers to accommodate social, economic
and ecosystem needs across municipal jurisdictions. It allows water managers to keep a
clear focus on water issues and water-based resources in the context of other ecosystem
issues, and in the larger context of land use-ecosystem considerations. By the same
token, it allows land use planners to make better decisions.
1.4 What Is the "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed" Report?
The "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed" Report has been developed to provide simple
answers to questions regarding the current health and quality of the Lake Simcoe
ecosystem. The "Report" is a combination of this technical report and a supporting
"summary" version for the public audience. Both technical and summary versions, will be
made public. The report was produced in response to a growing demand from the
watershed publicforeasy-to-understand environmental information, specifically, about the
complex inter-relationships between environmental health, the local economy and social
conditions. It is the potential impact of the latter two factors on the ecosystem, our health
and the quality of our lives that is of paramount importance. The Town ofWalkerton tainted
water tragedy, and restrictions on water use resulting from drought conditions, are just two
recent examples of environmental issues that have had significant social and economic
consequences.
1.5 "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed" Report Goals
The goals of the "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed" Report (encompassing this report
and a supporting document for the public) are as follows:
· To define the current environmental, social and economic conditions within the Lake
Simcoe watershed.
· To provide people living in the Lake Simcoe watershed with a clear understanding
of the importance of ecological resources, including an explanation of the form and
function of various natural features.
· To identify the economic and social pressures within the watershed that presently,
or could potentially, represent a threat to ecosystem health.
· To provide the foundation and reference for future comparison of environmental,
social and economic change within the watershed.
This report is the first step in the development of an overall Lake Simcoe Watershed Plan.
Once completed, the watershed plan will identify opportunities for protection and
rehabilitation of the watershed's ecosystem and minimize negative impacts associated with
human use of the watershed. The data collected as part of the State of the Lake Simcoe
Watershed exercise are essential, as a benchmark, for measuring future changes within
the Lake Simcoe ecosystem and for gauging our success in protecting natural resources.
1.5
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2.0 The lake Simcoe Watershed
2.1 Understanding the Lake Simcoe Watershed
The Lake Simcoe watershed has a total land and water surface area of 3,576 km2, of which
the lake itself occupies about 20 percent or 722 km2. The land portion of the watershed is
approximately 2,857 km2 and is drained by 35 tributary rivers, with five major tributaries
accounting for more than 60 percent of the total drainage area. The Lake Simcoe
watershed has experienced considerable changes over the past 200 years since the first
European settlers arrived in the basin. However, it would be a mistake to think that all the
changes to the system are the result of human activities. The Lake Simcoe watershed, like
all others, is in a constant state of change. Beginning with its role as an important drainage
route for glacial meltwaters, it has gone through many stages of development. From the
formation of its soils to the development of its plant and animal populations, the Lake
Simcoe watershed continues to adapt or remake itself as the landscape is transformed.
Even after the establishment of what we would consider a mature landscape some
thousand years ago, many natural forces have disturbed the watershed. Fire, usually
started by lightning, has always been present in the Simcoe uplands, clearing patches in
the forest that would later be colonized by light-loving species such as raspberries and
birch. Strong winds cause older or shallow-rooted trees to topple over, tearing up the forest
floor and disturbing other plants and animals. To a certain extent, the advent of European
settlement has disturbed the natural cycles of burn and windfall and replaced them with
human activities such as logging and agriculture. Although these human activities appear
to us to have major consequences for ecosystem function, so might natural disasters such
as tornadoes and forest fires. The difference is that many human activities, such as
draining wetlands for agriculture or paving over woodlands, are irreversible; after a natural
disaster, ecosystem balance can be restored over time.
Ecosystems respond to natural disturbances with increased loss of water and nutrients
from the disturbed soils. Sometimes, these released materials encourage new growth and
restore ecosystem equilibrium. However, in the present-day Lake Simcoe watershed,
human activities have allowed, indeed encouraged, this "disturbed" condition to persist. By
building subdivisions and tilling the soil, we have prevented the re-establishment of natural
areas throughout the watershed. The watershed is now in a perpetual state of nutrient, soil
and water loss. If we are to sustain the Lake Simcoe watershed, we need to manage our
activities so as to ensure that human development and natural processes can coexist. This
also means that we must be conscious of the consequences of our activities, work towards
stabilizing the system's nutrient and soil loss and, as much as possible, re-establish natural
pathways of water movement.
The following chapters provide an overview of the Lake Simcoe watershed as it exists
today and discusses in more detail the factors influencing the natural processes that result
in watershed change.
2.1
2.2
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2.2 Topography
The topographical features of the Lake Simcoe drainage basin are attributed mainly to the
processes of glaciation during the Late Wisconsin Ice Age. As the glacial ice sheets
receded some 12,000 years ago, they left a landscape that continues to evolve (Figure
2.1). This landscape has greatly influenced the settlement pattern within the watershed and
the ecosystem. The first European explorers entering the Lake Simcoe watershed did so
along waterways, canoeing from the Humber River, portaging to the Holland River and
paddling north into Lake Simcoe. Consequently, as European settlers navigated overland
they considered the topography and surveyed paths of least resistance. Many of the trails
created then evolved into today's roads and highways. The most notable is Yonge Street,
Canada's longest street.
2.3 Landforms
The Lake Simcoe watershed contains five major physiographical areas: the Oak Ridges
Moraine, the Peterborough Drumlin Fields, upland till plains, the Simcoe Lowlands and the
Oro Moraine (Figure 2.2).
2.3.1 Oak Ridges Moraine
The headwaters ofthe streams flowing into Lake Simcoe from the south are located on the
most widely recognized feature in the watershed, the Oak Ridges Moraine. The Oak
Ridges Moraine lies between the Trent River and the Niagara Escarpment at elevations
between 305 and 395 metres above mean sea level. The peak of the moraine forms the
surface water divide separating flow towards Lake Simcoe from flow towards Lake Ontario.
The moraine consists offive major geological units, according to recent investigations (e.g.,
Sharpe et ai, 1999). From bedrock to surface, these units are Whitby Shale, the lower
deposits, Newmarket Till, Oak Ridges Moraine sediments and Halton Till. The regional
Newmarket Till is eroded in some areas, forming significant channels that, in some cases,
extend into the lower sediments where the till layer has been completely breached. Silts,
sands and gravels often filled these channels, forming important hydrogeological units
(Barnett et ai, 1998).
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W+E
S
5 0 5 10 Kilometers
r-"_
Scale 1 : 350,000 (Approx.)
Figure 2. 1
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Topographg of Lake Simcoe Watershed
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C LSEMS Boundary
/\I Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
/v Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
~ Major Road
. TO~TI./Village
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Line Features
~beach, bar or spit
~bedfOCk escarpment
~ drumlin Of area of drumlin.s
~ esker or area of eskers; dIrection of flow knov.
... .terrace escarpment (abandoned shore bluff)
W trend of end moraine crest
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Geological Features
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a Hummocky Terraine
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W*E
Kilometers
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Scale 1 : 300,000 (Approx.)
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Figure 2.2
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Quaternary Oe%W
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2.3.2 Peterborough Drumlin Fields and Upland Till Plains
Lake Simcoe is essentially surrounded by till plains that are overlain with sand, silt and clay
in different areas as a result of being covered by glacial Lake Algonquin. On the till surface
south and east of the lake there is a series of elliptical hills (drumlins) that are oriented in
the direction of glacial advance (northeast to southwest). The drumlinized till plains were
completely covered by glaciolacustrine sediments in some areas. In other areas, they
formed island or shore features of glacial Lake Algonquin and therefore are presently at
or near the ground surface. In the southern and eastern portions of the watershed north
of the Oak Ridges Moraine, the drumlins form part of a large feature known as the
Peterborough Drumlin Field (Chapman and Putnam, 1984). Beneath the glaciolacustrine
deposits, where they exist, there are geological units similar to those found in the Oak
Ridges Moraine, including a dense silty till that is likely equivalent to the Newmarket Till.
Bedrock transitions from shale to limestone to the north, as well as outcrops, have been
mapped around Beaverton (Barnett and Mate, 1998).
West of the lake, glaciolacustrine sediments are less predominant, drumlin features are
present but rare and the till structure differs from that found in other portions of the
watershed in that it has a higher stone and sand content than is reported elsewhere in the
watershed.
2.3.3 Simcoe Lowlands
The till plains described above are incised in the southern portions of the watershed by flat-
floored valley features that generally correspond to current river systems (Sharpe et ai,
1999). Organic materials, sands, gravels and some silts and clays are found in these
lowland valleys, where they were deposited by glacial and fluvial processes (Barnett et ai,
1999; Barnett and McCrae, 1996). The valleys east of the lake are not as well defined as
those to the south and glaciolacustrine deposits are found between upland tills there
(Barnett and Mate, 1998).
North of Lake Simcoe the lowland encompasses both the rivers and upland areas in the
Mara Flats and extends to the western watershed divide north of Orillia. Like the till plains
west of the lake, glaciolacustrine clays and organic materials overlie a stony sand till.
Unlike the till plains to the west, however, the overburden package is quite thin, with
occasional bedrock outcroppings; drumlins are abundant (Finamore and Bajc, 1984). The
topographical low that denotes the lowland areas around Lake Simcoe extends southwest
from Kempenfelt Bay in Barrie into the Nottawasaga Basin. Abandoned shore bluffs and
glaciolacustrine sands and clays are mapped in this extension of the Simcoe Lowlands
(Barnett, 1997), which contains glaciolacustrine sands and silts.
2.3.4 Oro Moraine
The Oro Moraine is a feature that lies on the edge of the Lake Simcoe watershed oriented
from east-northeast to west-southwest. This orientation is not perpendicularto the direction
of glacial advance (northeast to southwest) and has made the explanation of its origin
difficult (Chapman and Putnam, 1984). The surficial geology of the area has been mapped
by Barnett (1997) as glaciofluvial material.
2.5
Sand Loam
620/0
Sand
70/0
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Only a small portion ofthe Oro Moraine lies within the Lake Simcoe watershed. Rivers with
headwaters on the moraine flow in all directions and, including the Hawkestone River,
which discharges into Lake Simcoe, are reported to receive significant inputs of
groundwater discharge (Azimuth, 2000).
2.4 Soils
Soils are an integral part of the Lake Simcoe watershed. Soils support vegetation
communities, which in turn provide habitat for wildlife. They also influence the quality and
quantity of water entering the ground and running along the surface. Soil development is
in turn a function of some ofthe same ecological features and processes that it influences,
including time, the type of parent material available, topography, vegetation and long-term
climatic conditions. As a result of the diversity in these factors across the watershed, a
broad range of soil types are found within the Lake Simcoe drainage basin.
Traditionally, soils within the watershed have been characterized based on their texture
(Figure 2.3). Soil texture influences the rate at which water can infiltrate or seep into the
ground. Generally, coarse-textured soils (gravel and sand) allow water to infiltrate better
than finer-textured soils (silty loam, clay) do. This property of soil texture is extremely
important because it has a major influence on the landscape's ability to generate runoff.
For example, during a heavy thunderstorm, rainfall that cannot infiltrate the ground will pool
on the surface. Once enough water has collected it will begin to flow as a result of gravity,
and in so doing can erode soil particles, washing them into ditches, streams and lakes.
Silt Loam
2%
Clay Loam
140/0 Organic
130/0
Figure 2.3 Soil Texture Classes in the Lake Simcoe Watershed
2.6
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Soil types reported in the Lake Simcoe watershed include loam, sand, clay, gravel, clay
loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, silty loam, marsh/muck, fine sandy loam and silty clay
loam. Figure 2.4 depicts the spatial distribution of these soil types throughout the
watershed.
2.5 Subwatersheds and Major Tributaries
The Lake Simcoe watershed can be divided into 18 subwatersheds or hydrological units,
each drained by one or more tributaries of the lake (Figure 2.5). Subwatersheds can range
in size from a few hectares to hundreds kilometres and can cross political boundaries
(Table 2.1). For example, the Hewitt's Creek subwatershed is the smallest in the Lake
Simcoe basin, with an estimated area of 18.2 km2, which contains portions of the City of
Barrie and Township of Innisfil. The largest unit is the Black Riversubwatershed-at 377.6
km2, it accommodates two regional municipalities and four local municipalities. The division
of the watershed into these smaller units allows more detailed analysis and research,
including modelling the influence of land use on water quality and quantity.
Table 2.1
Subwatershed Areas of the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Barrie Creeks 38
Beaver River 330
Black River 378
East Holland River 244
Georgina Creeks 49
Hawkestone Creek 38
Hewitt's Creek 18
Innisfil Creeks 109
Lovers Creek 58
Maskinonge River 66
Oro Creeks North 83
Oro Creeks South 57
Pefferlaw Brook 257
Ramara Creeks 138
Talbot River 330
Uxbridge Brook 178
West Holland River 355
Whites Creek 110
Lake Simcoe Watershed Islands 19
2.7
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Legend
C LSEMS Boundary
/\/ Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
N Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Major Road
Watercourse
Town/Village
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l,det1p!1
10
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Scale I : 300,000 (Approx.)
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Figure 2.4
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Soil Types
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W*E
s
10 Kilometers
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Legend
C LSEMS Boundary
/\/ Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
N Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Major Road
Watercourse
. Town/Village
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C;::]cd\.1Jl
10
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Figure 2.5
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Lake Simcoe Sub watersheds
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W*E
10 Kilometers
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PART II
THE STATE OF THE LAKE SIMCOE WATERSHED
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3.0 Community
3.1 Political Boundaries
There are 22 municipal governments operating within the Lake Simcoe watershed: four
regions and counties (Durham, Peel, Simcoe and York) and 18 local municipalities and
separated cities (Figure 3.1). Table 3.1 shows the geographical area within the watershed
of each local municipality, along with the percentage of the watershed occupied by each.
Table 3.1 Area and Watershed Percentage of Local Municipalities
Municipality Area in Lake Sirncoe Percentage of
Watershedlkm2) Watershed Occupied
Town of Aurora 46 1.6
City of Barrie 55 1.9
Town of Bradford-West Gwillimbury 137 4.8
Township of Brock 385 13.5
Town of Caledon 4 0.1
City of Kawartha Lakes 394 13.8
Town of East Gwillimburv 248 8.7
Town of Geomina 290 10.2
Town of Innisfil 166 5.8
Township of Kinq 192 6.7
Town of New Tecumseth 22 0.8
Town of Newmarket 38 1.3
City of Orillia 17 0.6
Township of Oro-Medonte 164 5.8
Township of Ramara 175 6.1
Town of Richmond Hill 1 0.03
Township of SCUqOq 59 2.1
Township of Uxbridqe 340 11.9
Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville 119 4.2
Totals 2852 100 %
3.2 Population Growth
The population ofthe Lake Simcoe watershed continues to increase dramatically. Between
1991 and 2001, the watershed's population grew by 30 percent, or 116,530 people. In
2001, the population of the watershed was estimated at 382,887. Figure 3.2 shows the
distribution of the population increase by municipality throughout the basin. The most
significant increases in population during the above 10-year period occurred in the cities
of Barrie and Orillia and the Towns of Newmarket and Aurora. Together, these four
municipalities accounted for 84,804 new residents, or slightly more than 72 percent of total
growth.
3.1
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C LSEMS Boundary
/\/ Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
IV Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Major Road
Watercourse
. Town/Village
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Regional Municipality
~."'u: City of Kawartha Lakes
'-=, Durham Region
B~~~~nty
=~PeelRegioo
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CalcG(1n
10
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Figure 3. 1
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Political Boundaries
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N
W*E
10 Kilometers
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Legend
1::1 LSEMS Boundary
/V Lov.<:r Tier Municirel Boundary
AI Upper Tier Municifel Boundary
/V ~or Road
/v Waterccurse
. Town/Villa~
Population Increase
0<1,000
o 1,000 - 5,000
5,000 - 10,000
10,000 - 15,000
15,000 - 20,000
.. 20,000 - 25,000
.. >25,000
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Note: Map represents
population increase only.
not total population.
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10 Kilomelres
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Figure 3.2
Lake Simce Environmental Management Strategy
Population Increase: 1991-2001
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The change in population density over time has been used in studies of the Great Lakes
to infer the degree of efficiency of land use with respect to urban sprawl. Urban sprawl has
increasingly become a problem in rural areas in southern Ontario, placing pressure on
agriculture, infrastructure and the environment. Figure 3.3 examines the change in
population density by municipality between 1991 and 2001.
Most of the population growth has occurred within the boundaries of existing urban centres
such as Barrie, Orillia, Newmarket and Aurora. There are some exceptions that warrant
further investigation. The Towns of Whitchurch-Stouffville, Georgina and Bradford-West
Gwillimbury and the Town of Innisfil show evidence of an increase in population density.
Further investigation is required to ascertain whether the growth has occurred within
smaller existing urban centres (towns, villages and hamlets) or in the rural areas of these
municipalities.
3.2.1 Social and Environmental Impacts of Population Growth
While population growth has had a positive impact on the economic prosperity of the
watershed, it has had some less than positive effects on social and environmental
conditions. During a "report card" exercise in 1998 to update the Regional Municipality of
York's Official Plan, and the Durham Regional Official Plan review, consultation phase in
2000 and, again, during "State of the Lake" workshops conducted in 2002 by LSRCA,
concerns about the growing population and the environment were raised by residents.
Specific issues included:
· traffic congestion;
· lack of a regional transit system;
· increased demand for recreational resources;
· impact of population growth on the surface water quality of local rivers, streams and
Lake Simcoe;
· impact of population growth on groundwater quality and quantity;
· loss of woodlands within the watershed;
· loss of wetlands within the watershed; and
· encroachment of urban areas on natural heritage features and the effects on wildlife
and natural wildlife habitat.
Available information suggests that population growth will continue, as will associated
development pressures within the watershed. Growth estimates, received from
municipalities, have predicted that the population will increase to more than half a million
by 2021 within the watershed. Most ofthis growth will be focused in the Cities of Barrie and
Orillia and the Towns of Aurora, Bradford, Keswick, Innisfil, Newmarket and Queensville.
The potential impact on the natural environment associated with the growth is discussed
later in this report.
3.4
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Legem
t:J LSEMS Boundary
AI Lower Tier Municipli Boundary
AI Upper Tier Municipli Boundary
/V Major Road
/'V Waterccurse
. Town/ Village
Population Density/km'
0<10
010-100
101 - 300
301 - 500
.. >500
Note: Represents change in
density not total density
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w*,
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10 K~ometres
Scale 1: 300,000 (Approx.)
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Figure 3.3
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Increase in Population Density"': 1991-2001
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* Density = number of persons per km'
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3.3 Land Use within the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Land use within the basin has been divided into seven classes: forest, wetland, scrubland,
water, cultivated fields, pasture lands and urban areas; this classification is based on
LANDSAT images from 1995.
Approximately 40 percent of land is devoted to agricultural activities. Based on Landsat
imagery review, this agricultural usage represents a 5-percent decline since 1991.
Woodlands, wetlands and scrubland account for another 48 percent of the watershed, but
also declined by 4 percent in the same period. Correspondingly, urban or built-up areas
has increased from approximately 85 km2 to 285 km2 (the combined area lost from
agriculture and natural features over an estimated 10 year period) and now account for 12
percent of the total land area.
3.3.1 Urban and Built-Up Areas in the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Urban areas within the Lake Simcoe watershed include the Cities of Barrie, Grillia and
Kawartha Lakes, the Towns of Newmarket, Aurora, Schomberg, Uxbridge, Keswick,
Sutton, Bradford and Beaverton. There are also built-up areas in the Hamlets of Pefferlaw,
Cannington and Sunderland (Figure 3.4) and waterfront development along the shoreline
from Keswick to Sutton and all along the Innisfil shoreline. As previously documented, the
watershed population continues to grow faster than originally anticipated, based on past
population projections (LSEMS, "Our Waters, Our Heritage", 1995). Urban development
has subsequently increased to keep pace with this population growth.
A comparison of the relative changes in land use distribution for existing urban centres;
Aurora, Barrie, Bradford, Newmarket, Orillia and Uxbridge, shows consistent increases in
the areas of both residential and commercial/industrial land uses. Construction of new
dwellings was essential to meet the demands of the rising populations within the urban
centres of the watershed. In the City of Barrie, 16,560 new dwellings were constructed
between 1991 and 2001. The Town of Newmarket experienced the next largest
construction boom with 6,665 new dwellings built during that period. The total number of
new dwellings constructed throughout the entire watershed was reported as 66,965.
Existing and proposed infrastructure (eg. highways, regional roads, sewer and water
services) in the watershed has a major influence over the location and rate of growth.
Future infrastructure expansion plans include Bradford by-pass and the Highway 404
expansion.
This increase in population and dwellings has a number of implications for the natural
environment and the health of the Lake Simcoe ecosystem. In addition to the obvious loss
of natural features such as woodlands and wetlands to urban development, there are also
effects on other ecosystem components and functions. The hardening of the land's surface
through paving and the construction of homes significantly alters the hydrological
properties or drainage characteristics of an area and the quality of the receiving water
bodies. The result is reduced groundwater recharge and increased surface runoff.
3.6
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/
(
\
\
/~ _/\
~// v- \
\
)
\
v\
\
\
\
'\
)
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Lake Simcoe
Watershed Boundary
Existing
Approved
Roads
mm.f}...."
Upper-Tier Boundary
Oak Ridges Moraine
~::';p.:::~::::~~~;:~':'::~1':;~::;''''''1
ol~....""...._""o,......,."",,, J'M'
Lakes/Rivers
Figure 3.4
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Urban/Built-up Areas
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This increase in runoff, if not controlled and properly treated, could have consequences
socially, economically and environmentally. Specific problems identified within the Lake
Simcoe watershed include:
· flooding due to increased peak flows from uncontrolled urban areas, resulting in
potential loss of life and property damage;
· reductions in groundwater recharge and discharge, affecting potable water supplies;
· increased erosion along streambanks associated with changes in the stream
hydrology and morphology, potentially threatening human safety and causing
property damage;
· alteration and destruction of aquatic habitats as a result of sedimentation, increased
water temperature, reductions in base flow and poor water quality, in turn resulting
in reduced recreational angling opportunities and lost tourism income;
· increased water pollution from urban stormwater runoff, which affects the aquatic
ecosystem and contributes to lost recreational opportunities and losttourism income
through beach closures and excessive aquatic plant and algae growth; and
· destruction and fragmentation of terrestrial natural habitats, affecting populations
of flora and fauna.
Specific details are provided, and the significance of these problems explained, in
subsequent chapters,
3.3.2 Agricultural Land Use
Based on 2001 Ontario census data, the Lake Simcoe basin supports a farm economy with
1,844 farms involved in cash crop, livestock and mixed operations. This is a decrease of
313 farms from the 2,157 that were operating in 1991. Approximately 536 km2 of land is
cultivated; alfalfa, corn, wheat, barley and vegetables are the dominant crops in the area.
In addition to upland agriculture, the Holland River subwatershed supports the largest
cultivated marsh, or "polder," area in Ontario. Four vegetable polders-the Keswick,
Colbar, Bradford and Holland marshes-occupy roughly 37 km2, with the Holland Marsh
being the largest at 28 km2. During the 1920s and as recently as the 1980s they were
drained to utilize fertile organic or "muck" soils for vegetable production. Water levels within
the polders are maintained through a series of pumping stations and canals surrounding
the area. Table 3.2 lists the vegetable production for the Holland Marsh polder.
Table 3.2 Vegetable Production in the Holland Marsh Polder as a
P fT tiP d .
ercentage 0 oa ro uctlon
Vegetable Ontario Canada
Lettuce 72% 12%
Carrots 70% 32%
Onions 67% 45%
Celery 64% 47%
(Source: McDonald, M.R., pers. comm, 1994, OMAFRA Muck Research Station)
3.8
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Livestock production is also a significant agricultural industry in the basin. Beef cattle,
poultry and horses are the top three animal farm types within the Lake Simcoe watershed.
Based on the 1996 and 2001 Census information, in the Lake Simcoe watershed the
highest number of beef cattle farms (55%, 317 farms) were in the County of Simcoe.
Whereas the highest number of dairy farms (47%, 87 farms) were in the Region of
Durham.
The Lake Simcoe basin is also home to a small number of specialty farms, such as
orchards, vineyards, wildflower, tree nurseries and turf grass operations. Generally, there
has been little change in the relative distribution of these farms or land in production, with
the exception of the turf grass industry. The number of sod farms has risen by 22 percent
within the watershed since 1991. There is a market demand associated with urban growth
in the Greater Toronto Area. There are 19 sod farms within the basin with 1,627 hectares
(16.27 km2)devoted to sod production. The Towns of Georgina and East Gwillimbury have
the most sod farms (five each). Georgina contains the largest area devoted to sod
production with 1,100 hectares (11 km2). The majority of sod production in that area is
located within the Maskinonge River subwatershed, which will need to be monitored for
future environmental impacts.
Of the 1,844 farms in the Lake Simcoe watershed, 1,045 provided Statistics Canada with
information on their tilling practices. Of those who responded, 52% indicated they use
conventional tillage practices, 25% use conservation tillage practices and 22% use no-till
practices. Figure 3.5 illustrates the break down of tillage practices in the Lake Simcoe
watershed.
Cooser\8l:ion
lillage
(t-.b lill)
22%
Traditionallillage
52%
Residue
IVIanagement
26%
Figure 3.5 Agricultural Tillage Practices (Source: Stats Canada, 1996 and 2001)
3.9
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Leaving crop residue on the surface or not tilling the fields provides a valuable source of
organic matter for the soil. Without ground cover, there is nothing to stop water from
running across the field, carrying sediment particles and fertilizers containing phosphorus
into nearby streams and eventually into the lake. Ground cover such as crop residue slows
the water and encourages infiltration into the soil. Crop residue will reduce soil erosion and
the amount of water that is lost to evaporation.
Conventional tillage involves practices such as moldboard plowing, discing and smoothing
of the soil in preparation for planting and leaves less than 30% of the soil surface covered
with residue or crop remains. By turning the soil and mixing in plant residue, the soil is left
bare and exposed to elements when crop cover is removed, which can lead to soil
degradation and erosion. It is recognised that not all soils require no-till for erosion control.
However, a good residue management program is encouraged to help reduce soil erosion
and phosphorus movement by slowing the speed of water movement allowing for
increased water infiltration .
Conservation tillage is any system where soil is disturbed between harvesting one crop and
planting the next while at least 30% of the soil surface is left covered with crop residue after
planting. Chisel plows, offset discs or modified moldboard plows are the common
implements used in conservation tillage.
No-till is any system where the soil is not disturbed between harvesting one crop and
planting the next. Some tillage may be done by attachments to planting equipment to
assist with seed and fertilizer placement.
3.3.3 Impacts on Agriculture
The decrease in the number of farms in the Lake Simcoe watershed follows a trend similar
to that described in the 1995 LSEMS report "Our Waters, Our Heritage." The decline in the
number of farms can probably best be attributed to urban growth, poor market prices,
reduced yields due to weather and the consolidation of smaller farms into larger
operations.
As previously discussed, the continued growth of the watershed population has resulted
in widespread development, mostly in existing urban centres but with evidence of urban
sprawl in some municipal areas. The amount of land used for agricultural has decreased
over time and the demand for housing in rural areas is increasing. Based on 1991 data
there has been a 5% decrease in the amount of land in agricultural use in the watershed.
Farms no longer exist within the municipal boundaries of Newmarket, Aurora, Barrie or
Orillia.
A large portion of farmland within the watershed is being purchased by speculators for
future development. Generally, the land is rented back to the original owners to farm or,
in some instances, left fallow until it can be developed. Lands within the Town of Innisfil
and the Towns of East Gwillimbury and Georgina presently appear to be targeted for
acquisition. Finally, the extension of highways and other infrastructure has resulted in the
agricultural land being left vacant or fallow.
3.10
3.11
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Another stress on agriculture is climate change. Droughts and milder temperatures can
wreak havoc on the farming community, potentially taking enormous economic tolls on
agricultural producers. Droughts and much milder temperatures can result in drier soils and
new pest and disease infestations that normally would not occur. There also has been an
increase in the number of extreme storm events, which results in increased erosion, soil
loss and even the destruction of crops. These problems affect productivity, especially of
crops that require specific conditions not only to achieve optimum yields butjustto survive.
The resulting loss in productivity, combined with poor market prices, has placed a growing
pressure on farmers. The industry continues to adapt to survive.
The decline in the number of farms may be, in part, related to the fact that many farm
operations are merging, which result in an increase in the average farm size within the
Lake Simcoe watershed. In addition, the average age of the Ontario farmer has been
estimated at roughly 55 to 60 years. This is a concern because the workforce to replace
those currently farming is not present. More and more young people are seeking out other
forms of employment with a more secure income and future.
3.3.4 Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
While the agriculture industry itself is under stress from a number of economic and
environmental factors, it is important to understand that the industry is also providing
feedback to the ecosystem, especially with respect to the natural environment. It is also
important to understand that the agricultural sector is concerned about this issue and is
proactively addressing it by completing remedial projects on their lands. Agricultural
activities within the Lake Simcoe watershed continues to contribute to the issues of water
pollution and in some instances, water quantity Agricultural activities can impair the health
and quality of aquatic and terrestrial resources. Specific environmental issues and
concerns associated with agriculture include:
· soil erosion;
· lack of vegetated buffers along watercourses;
· inadequate storage and handling of milkhouse waste;
· inadequate storage and handling of manure
· livestock that have access to watercourses;
· improper application of herbicides, pesticides and commercial fertilizers
· movement of sediment and nutrients from vegetable polders (Bradford, Colbar,
Holland and Keswick marshes); and
· loss of natural heritage features (woodlands, wetlands) to increase arable farmland.
Two agricultural activities in particular have received a great deal of attention of late in the
watershed. The first is the creation of more productive farmland through clearing of
woodlands and destruction of wetlands. Two instances have been recorded within the Lake
Simcoe watershed in as many years with the loss of a regionally significant wetland and
one of the few remaining woodlands in the Maskinonge River subwatershed. In both
instances provincial policy and municipal bylaws were ineffective in stopping the
destruction of these important natural features. The second is the general trend to
increasing livestock density as numbers of farms decrease and farm size increases.
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The intent of nutrient management planning is to find the right balance between maximum
nutrient uptake by crops and minimal environmental impact. Ontario's Nutrient
Management Act received Royal Assent in June 2002 and was proclaimed July 1, 2003.
It provides a comprehensive, province-wide approach to nutrient management designed
to protect soil and water quality in rural Ontario while ensuring the long-term
competitiveness of Ontario's agri-food industry.
The regulation under the Nutrient Management Act includes the provincial government in
the approval of 1) new livestock facilities; and 2) existing livestock facilities that are
expanding into the large (over 300 NU) category. The regulation was filed on July 1,2003,
and took effect on September 30, 2003. Currently, municipalities with a nutrient
management by-law will remain responsible for expanding livestock facilities containing
less than 300 nutrient units (after expansion).
Despite the concerns raised regarding agricultural activities, generally farming practices
within the watershed have improved significantly over the past 10 years as a result of the
efforts of farm organizations, government agencies and other non-governmental
organizations promoting the use of best management practices. Ultimately, it has been the
willingness of the watershed farmers to change their practices and adopt new methods,
often at great risk to their livelihoods, that has made this difference and for this they should
be commended. More information about the effects that agriculture has on the natural
environment and the progress in rehabilitating or mitigating these effects is provided in
more detail in subsequent chapters.
3.4 Recreation
The most important industries associated with Lake Simcoe are recreation and tourism.
Lake-related recreational activities produces approximately $200 million annually, or 40
percent of the total revenue. The lake also affords considerable social benefits by
improving the quality of life and enhancing the well-being of many watershed residents.
Lake Simcoe provides a variety of recreational opportunities and activities year round,
including:
· sail and power boating;
· angling in all seasons;
· body-contact recreations such as swimming, water skiing, scuba diving and
windsurfing; and
snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, skating and snowshoeing.
.
3.12
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The size and location of Lake Simcoe and its link to the Trent-Severn Waterway has made
recreational boating activities very popular in the lake. Contributing to this popularity are
several public boat-launching and docking sites. Many cottages and homes along the
shore also have docking facilities. Estimates of boat ownership or usage on the lake are
difficult to make; however, there are 24 marinas on Lake Simcoe providing approximately
4,500 boat slips. In 2001, the water of Lake Simcoe attracted approximately 6,000
transient boaters who passed through the Trent-Severn Waterway (Trent-Severn
Waterways, personal communication, 2002).
Lake Simcoe hosts more fishing than any inland Ontario lake - in 2000, an estimated
130,000 anglers visited Lake Simcoe (Source: Department of Fisheries & Oceans). Ice
fishing is extremely popular with anglers and accounts for most of the angling activity, with
an estimated 2,000 to 4,000 ice-fishing huts erected on Lake Simcoe each winter. During
the ice-fishing season the two most sought-after species are lake trout and lake whitefish,
both threatened coldwater species. Lake Simcoe has also earned a reputation for having
a world-class premier bass fishery and there are a number of professional bass
tournaments on the lake throughout the summer and fall. Other significant angling events
include Orillia's Annual Perch Festival, which takes place for three weeks every spring and
provides greater than two million dollars to Orillia's tourism industry (2001 figure from Orillia
District Chamber of Commerce, Susan Lang, personal communication, 2002), the Annual
Georgina Ice Fishing Festival, and the "Canadian Ice Fishing Championship and Original
Lake Simcoe Ice Fishing Contest". They are all well attended and attract anglers from
around the world.
Swimming, water skiing, scuba diving and windsurfing are all popular pastimes of both
watershed residents and visitors. While most of the Lake Simcoe shoreline is in private
ownership, fortunately there are provincial, municipal, conservation authority and parks and
beaches that provide public access to the lake.
During the winter, when the surface of Lake Simcoe freezes over and ice conditions are
safe, the lake becomes a highway that receives a significant amount of traffic from
snowmobilers accessing trails to the north. Cleared ice surfaces are also a common sight
close to shore, providing children and adults alike with natural skating rinks. People often
cross-country ski and snowshoe on the lake during the winter, when conditions are
appropriate.
A number of services and facilities that are entirely or partially dependent on tourism are
established in the Lake Simcoe region. These include:
· ten (10) private campgrounds;
· resorts, cottages, bed and breakfasts and farm offering vacations;
· public parks, conservation areas and boat launches; and
· three provincial parks (the largest, Sibbald Point Provincial Park, has an annual
visitation rate of more than 300,000 people).
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Private campgrounds are used by both residents and non-residents. Family and group
camping is popular and campgrounds are one of the primary choices of rental
accommodation for summer anglers. Public parks and conservation areas are also used
by both residents and visitors. A few of the parks provide camping facilities, but the majority
are designated for day use only.
Resorts, cottages, bed and breakfasts and farm vacation operations are patronized
predominantly by non-residents for family vacations, although cottages are also a common
accommodation choice for anglers. There are approximately 12,000 cottages around the
lake, adding approximately 50,000 people to the region throughout the summer.
3.4.1 Impacts on Recreation
Excessive aquatic plant and algae growth in Lake Simcoe has had a significant impact on
all summer water-related recreational activities. The densest growth of aquatic plants has
been observed in Cook's Bay but the problem has been reported along the lakeshore.
Conditions in the bay are highly conducive to aquatic plant growth because of nutrient
enrichment from the Holland and Maskinonge rivers. Recent problems can also be
attributed to increased light penetration caused by zebra mussels. Recreational activities
hardest hit include boating and all associated body-contact sports, especially swimming
and windsurfing. Marina operators have had to initiate aquatic plant control programs in
their boat bays and have lost clients because of the poor aesthetics of the condition.
Waterfront property owners are also directly affected; many have lost their access to the
main lake because of the sheer abundance of near-shore aquatic plants. In 2000, the
Town of Georgina initiated an aquatic weed collection program and free disposal of aquatic
biomass removed by the public. While these efforts have been appreciated by local
residents they are "band-aid" solutions that do not address the main issue - the source of
the nutrients causing the excessive plant growth. The economic impact of this excessive
aquatic plant and algae growth has not yet been determined. It is important to note that
aquatic plants serve as habitat for the warm water fish species in the lake. In a balanced
system, there would still be an abundance of aquatic plants, however, there would not be
the excessive biomass that is currently found in the lake due to phosphorus loading.
The significance of the fishery to the local economy was discussed in the preceding
section. Ice fishing alone generates an estimated $112 million. During the winter of 2001,
and for the first time in more than 50 years, the surface of Lake Simcoe did not freeze over.
Consequently, the ice-fishing industry suffered the worst economic year in its history, with
only a few ice-hut operators able to provide anglers with ice-fishing opportunities.
In addition, associated businesses that rely on ice fishing, such as service industries
(hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts, restaurants, gas stations) and retailers, also lost a
significant amount of revenue. The Town of Georgina had to cancel the World Ice Fishing
Championships scheduled for 2001, which was expected to draw thousands of people per
day to the area and bring millions of dollars to local businesses. The lack of ice cover has
been attributed to recent changes in climate. There is a general concern by most ice-hut
operators and business owners that if the mild winters continue they could be forced out
of business.
3.14
3.15
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The safety of water for swimming or bathing at local beaches in the Lake Simcoe
watershed is monitored by municipal health units. Water samples are taken frequently
during the summer to ensure that the water is safe for human contact. The Provincial
Water Quality Objective for body-contact recreation has been defined by the Ministry of the
Environment using the relative numbers of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria as an indicator
to assess the risk to human health. When the geometric mean population of E. coli
exceeds 100 organisms per 100 millilitres of water, the beach is designated unsafe for
body contact ("posted"). E. coli is a fecal bacteria found in mammal-including
human-intestines. Some types of E. coli can cause serious illness and even death. The
presence of E. coli in water is a strong indication that there has been contamination by
human sewage or animal wastes. In addition, beaches might also be posted because of
water turbidity, poor aesthetics or the presence of certain algae, blue-green algae in
particular.
Figure 3.6 gives the number of beach postings and their duration during the 2002 summer
season forthe beaches around Lake Simcoe. In 2002, Simcoe County closed four beaches
around Lake Simcoe for a total of 22 days between June 27th and August 9th. Kitchener
Beach in Orillia was posted from August 22, 2002, until the end of the swimming season.
York Region had seven beach closures in 2002 totalling 68 days, between July 11th and
August 30th. High bacteria count was the reason for these closures. Willow Beach,
Paradise Beach, De La Salle, Franklin Beach and Jackson's Point were each closed more
than once; De La Salle was closed three times. Beach closures were not limited to Lake
Simcoe: Shadow Beach and Cedar Beach, located in Whitchurch-Stouffville, were closed
as well that year. In 2000, York Region closed nine beaches for a total of 106 days.
In 2002, Durham Region saw Thorah Centennial Park and Beaverton South Beach closed
between July 5th and 11th and then again from July 19th to August 8th. The postings
remained in place for a total of 21 days. The beach is a popular destination during the
summer, especially on very hot days. When beaches are closed both parks and local
businesses lose income, which is especially valuable in smaller communities that tend to
conduct most of their business during the summer.
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ro1i' ro1i' ~O ro1i' C::? ro1i' ro1i' ():-' ?f.' ~C:>' ():-' ():-' ~'
~~ ro<C 'c:> <c I(> <c <c ro1i' ~1i' ......'0 ro1i' ro1i' 0'::;
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Beaches
I_ No. of postings -+- Duration 1
Figure 3.6 Number and Duration of Beach Postings, Lake Simcoe Watershed, 2002
3.4.2 Effects of Recreation on the Environment
It is important to realize that although recreation is under stress from a number of factors,
recreation itself creates a certain amount of stress on the natural environment. Specific
environmental effects associated with recreational activities include:
.. dumping of garbage into the lake;
.. black and grey water discharge from boats;
.. discharge of boat engine antifreeze into tributaries and the lake; and
.. boat wakes contributing to shoreline erosion.
One of the most significant concerns raised by the public involves garbage and debris left
on the surface of the ice by fishermen. Abandoned ice huts and other garbage left on the
ice can become boating hazards and can wash up on the shore in the spring,
inconveniencing landowners who must clean up the debris. Concern over the lack of
sanitation and the direct input of human waste by people ice fishing has also been
identified. This problem is most prevalent among individual ice-hut owners, not commercial
ice-hut operators. Most commercial operators provide well-maintained restroom facilities
on the ice and ensure that their huts are off the ice at the end of the season so they can
be used the following year.
3.16
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Other effects of recreation on the environment relate to boating activities on the lake. The
illegal dumping of waste and grey water into the lake by boaters has been documented,
as well as the discharge of antifreeze from boat engines. Waste and grey water contain
both nutrients and bacteria, contributing to nutrient enrichment of the lake and potentially
threatening human health. The impact on human health of discharging glycol-based
antifreeze (used to protect boat engines in the winter) into the water is not well understood,
but it has a harmful effect on many aquatic species.
Boat wakes are a growing problem on the lake and its tributaries. The large number of
personal watercrafts is regarded by many residents as a hazard to public safety; these
vehicles also contribute to shoreline erosion caused by wave action. No-wake zones on the
Holland River are largely disregarded by boaters in a hurry to get to the lake. Wave action
from boats along the Holland River was identified as a contributing factor in the
disappearance of the cattail marsh fringe that buffers the streambank and protects dikes
along the Colbar and Keswick polders (LSEMS Imp. Report A.2, 1994).
Unfortunately, the impact these recreational activities have on the environment cannot be
accurately measured at this time because of a lack of information. We do know, however,
that these issues exist because many have been reported and documented by residents
around Lake Simcoe. Most problems can be addressed through education and by ensuring
that the people involved are responsible for their actions through the enforcement of
environmental legislation.
3.5 Aggregate Resources
Aggregates are a non-renewable resource, which includesand, gravel, limestone, marble,
clay, shale, sandstone, dolostone, granite, rock and other prescribed materials. Aggregate
can be extracted from a pit (eg. unconsolidated material such as sand and gravel) or a
quarry (eg. consolidated material such as limestone, rock). Aggregate resources constitute
the major raw material used in the road building and constructions industries. Based on
1999 estimates, the total consumption of aggregates in Ontario was approximately 160
million tonnes annually. Of this, public sector works (e.g., road and sewer construction)
utilized an estimated 60% of all aggregate production in Ontario.
Currently in MNR, Aurora District (Durham, Halton, Peel, Toronto, York) there are 71
licensed aggregate operations in the Lake Simcoe watershed: eight class B (<20,000
tonnes annually) & 63 class A (>20,000 tonnes annually) licences. Four of the 63 Class
A licences have no annual tonnage limits. The total area licensed for aggregate extraction
within the Lake Simcoe watershed is 3752.71 ha or approximately 1.3% ofthe land portion
of the total watershed (Figure 3.7).
3.17
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Legend
~ Selected Bedrock Resources
Selected Sand & Gravel Resource
_ Primary Significance
Primary or Secondary Significance
(undifferentiated)
Secondary Significance
Secondary Significance - buried
NOTE: Selected sand and gravel of Tertiary Significance is no! shown Of! map
Aggregate Licence
E2J Settlement
D Lake Simcoe Watershed
Waterbody
/"u'" Subwatershed
Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
N Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Road
"+
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Scale 1 : 300,000 (Approx.)
Figure 3.7
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Aggregate Resources
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Aggregate resource management in Ontario is administered directly through the Aggregate
Resources Act (ARA) and indirectly through the Planning Act and Provincial Policy
Statement (PPS). The Lake Simcoe watershed is in an area where all the municipalities
are designated under the Aggregate Resources Act; therefore, all aggregate extraction
operations must be licensed under this legislation. The purposes of the Act are:
· to provide for the management of aggregate resources in Ontario;
· to control and regulate aggregate operations on Crown and private lands;
· to require the rehabiliation of land from which aggregate has been excavated; and
· to minimize the adverse impact on the enviornment of aggregate operations.
The ARA and Provincial Standards provide an administrative framework for the operation
of pits and quarries whereas the Planning Act and PPS deal with a broader land use
planning context. As an unevenly distributed and non-renewable resource the PPS
requires that "mineral aggregate resources will be protected for long term use."
Aggregate Resources Inventory Papers (ARIP) produced by the Ontario Ministry of
Northern Development and Mines provide an inventory and evaluation of the sand, gravel
and bedrock resources for various municipalities, and land use planning agencies, across
the province. Maps associated with these reports identify the locations of Selected Sand
and Gravel Resources and Bedrock resources. Municipalities are required to protect
resources of primary and secondary significance in their official plans.
Through the licensing process, potential aggregate resource extraction proposals will
ensure that significant environmental impacts are minimized, including:
· loss of natural heritage features (e.g., woodlands, natural areas);
· loss of prime agricultural land;
· watercourse alteration;
· groundwater quantity;
· noise, dust and traffic;
· incompatibility with other land uses/land use patterns; and
· aggregate resources available for extraction in a particular area may be limited by
a number of factors, including:
- the quantity and quality of aggregates available for extraction;
- competing land uses such as natural heritage features (e.g., wetlands,
wildlife habitat, woodlands, water courses);
- expanding settlement areas have sterilized the resource;
- public pressure for environmental protection; and
- current land-use planning policies, such as The Oak Ridges Moraine
Conservation Plan, for example, does not permit aggregate extraction in
sensitive environmental features or the extraction of aggregates within 1.5
meters of the established watertable.
In summary, there is significant pressure for aggregate extraction in the Lake Simcoe
watershed given the location to development and quality of aggregate available. The
legislation and land-use planning process help to minimize the impact on the natural
resources in the watershed.
3.19
3.20
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3.6 Natural Hazards
Natural hazards are addressed in the Provincial Policy Statement by directing development
away from the following areas:
· hazardous lands adjacent to the shorelines of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River
System and large inland lakes upon which flooding, erosion and/or dynamic beach
hazards;
· hazardous lands adjacent to river and stream systems upon which flooding and/or
erosion hazards; and
· hazardous sites.
All the above-mentioned natural hazards are found within the Lake Simcoe watershed.
Hazardous sites can include unstable soils such as marine clays and organic soils or
unstable bedrock (karst topography).
3.6.1 Flooding
While some degree of flooding usually occurs with each spring runoff, the most severe
flooding in recent times occurred in October 1954 with Hurricane Hazel. As the storm
moved northward it brought the greatest total rainfall for a 24-hour period ever recorded
in southern Ontario. The greatest rainfall was recorded at Brampton (178 millimetres);
around the Lake Simcoe watershed 129 millimetres was recorded at Barrie before the
gauge overtopped, 148 millimetres at Bradford and 83 millimetres in Uxbridge. The flooding
that ensued resulted in extensive damage to infrastructure as well as to many homes and
businesses. Many dams and dikes were overtopped or breached, releasing great surges
of flood water that aggravated the damage. One of the hardest-hit areas was the Holland
Marsh, where the main dikes were breached in several places, covering the marsh in eight
to 10 feet of water. Homes were lifted from their foundations, Highway 400 was flooded for
half a mile and in total 465 families lost everything they owned.
The dam and dike breeches that occurred during Hurricane Hazel prompted the present
school ofthought on flooding and flood control. Current controls aim to restrict, and where
possible remove, development in the floodplain, as opposed to controlling waterflow with
structures such as dams and dikes. Part of the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation
Authority's mandate is responsibility for regulating the floodplain and directing development
away from these hazardous areas. Flood-line mapping has been developed forthe majority
of the watershed to aid in identifying and regulating the floodplain (Figure 3.8).
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C LSEMS Boundary
/\/ Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
N Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Major Road
Watercourse
., Town/Village
Floodplain
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Figure 3.8
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Generated Floodplain
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The spring and summer of the year 2000 were some of the wettest time periods
experienced in the Lake Simcoe watershed in many years and these wet conditions
resulted in numerous reports of localized flooding in a number of watershed municipalities.
Environment Canada undertook a study ("Environment Canada - Ontario Heavy Rainfall
Study, Spring and Summer 2000") to look at the types of events which were experienced,
the amounts of rainfall measured and the historical significance ofthese storms. The main
finding of this report was that although total rainfalls for many storm events in and around
the Lake Simcoe watershed were not significant in themselves, the cumulative rainfall in
a number of 5 day periods during this time had frequency levels of between 1 in 25 and 1
in 100 years. During this period there was one storm event that hit Barrie and Innisfil on
June 24, 2000, which was considered to have a return period of between 80 and 100
years. On July 31,2000, the rain gauge at the Muskoka Airport (south of Bracebridge on
Highway 11) measured a 24 hour rainfall amount of 274 mm. This is a similar total rainfall
amount to what was experienced during Hurricane Hazel in October 1954 (285 mm in 48
hours) and a far greater amount than the Timmins Storm Regional Event of September
1961 (193 mm in 12 hours). The study reinforces the need for effective flood plain
management as it shows that severe storms such as the 1: 100 year event have happened
in our watershed as recently as 2000.
A study entitled "South Lake Simcoe Watershed Flood Susceptible Site Inventory and
Flood Damage Estimates" was conducted in 1983 to identify areas prone to damage during
floods. The study, which focussed on the southern portion of the watershed, identified 80
sites prone to flood damage, affecting an estimated 3,604 people and causing average
annual damage estimated at $162,886. Two things must be considered when examining
the average annual damage figure. The first is that this estimate was generated in 1983
and inflation will have increased this figure. The second consideration is that this figure is
a yearly average of the damage caused by flooding up to the regional event (Hurricane
Hazel). In some years the damage might not meet the average annual damage figure,
while in other years the damage costs will be considerably more.
3.6.2 Hazardous Sites
There are no sensitive marine or Leda clays found in the Lake Simcoe watershed.
However, there are some significant areas of organic soils. The majority of these areas are
in and around the Holland Marsh, where they are primarily used for agriculture. Developers
planning to build on organic soils must take into consideration the fact that these soils have
a limited capability to support structures and can give off methane gas. Any construction
on these soils must take this into consideration.
There are no areas of karst topography in the Lake Simcoe watershed. Karst topography
occurs in areas where limestone or dolomite bedrock is eroded by water, causing
sinkholes, trenches and subsurface caverns. The study area has felt the effects of
significant glaciation, which resulted in the deposition of large amounts of moraine, till and
clay over the bedrock, protecting it from the erosive effects associated with the
development of karst topography.
3.22
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4.0 Water
4.1 Introduction
Surface water and groundwater are equally valuable natural resources. The availability and
sustainability of water within the Lake Simcoe watershed, and elsewhere, can best be
illustrated through the hydrological cycle. Figure 1.2 illustrates the relationships among
precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, interflow and groundwater. If
one component of the cycle is altered, the remaining portions of the cycle are affected.
These relationships highlight the importance of managing human impact, as it relates to
water quality and quantity, on the hydrological cycle. Land use change; extraction of water
from lakes, rivers and the ground; and the discharge of wastewater into the environment
are all elements of that human impact.
Within the Lake Simcoe watershed, groundwater is the primary source of potable (drinking)
water (Figure 4.1). In fact, with the exception of Sutton, Keswick, Alcona, Lagoon City and
Beaverton, which use surface water from Lake Simcoe, and Newmarket and Aurora, which
rely on groundwater supplemented with surface water from Lake Ontario, all communities
in the watershed depend on either private or municipal groundwater supplies. These
groundwater and surface water takings are balanced, at least partially, by wastewater
discharge within the watershed. Sewage treatment facilities discharge wastewater into
various watercourses in the basin or directly into Lake Simcoe; residences not serviced by
municipal sewer systems have private septic systems that discharge wastewater. There
is infrastructure in place, including the York-Durham sewer pipeline, that delivers
wastewater from Newmarket and Aurora for treatment and release into Lake Ontario.
The following sections detail the current understanding of water quality and quantity issues
within the Lake Simcoe watershed as they relate to the most significant stressors present
in the watershed.
4.1.1 Monitoring Water Resources in the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Monitoring is an essential means of developing a picture of the health of the Lake Simcoe
ecosystem, especially in relation to water resources and the health of the aquatic
environment. Information collected through monitoring is used within the Lake Simcoe
Environmental Management Strategy (LSEMS) program to develop resource targets,
identify current conditions, determine trends over time and evaluate the effectiveness of
remedial activities. Monitoring is also used to calibrate analytical models, which predict the
impact on water resources of changes in land use or management activities.
4.1
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Legend
C LSEMS Boundary
/\I Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
^/ Upper Tier M unidpal Boundary
Major Road
Watercourse
. Town/Village
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Municipal Water Supply
Lake Si mcoe
Groundwater
Groundwater/Lake Ontario
By Private Wells
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Figure 4. 1
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Water Ben/ices
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10 Kilometers
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A comprehensive monitoring program has been developed within the watershed in
cooperation with the Ministries of the Environment and Natural Resources, and the Lake
Simcoe Region Conservation Authority. The details of which are highlighted in the report
entitled "Lake Simcoe Watershed Environmental Monitoring: LSEMS Monitoring Working
Group Report" dated January 21,2003. The program involves routine quality and quantity
sampling of ground and surface waters and of atmospheric disposition (rain and dust
particulate). Biological monitoring ofthe fish communities in Lake Simcoe and its tributaries
is also conducted. Samples of benthic invertebrates in the tributaries supplement water
quality information. The Trent-Severn Waterway also monitors water resources.
4.2 Water Quality
4.2.1 Current Water Quality Conditions
Through a comprehensive monitoring program and review of undisturbed Ontario lakes,
we know that the water quality within the Lake Simcoe watershed has been impacted by
human activities, as seen by the nuisance aquatic plant growth and declining coldwater
fisheries. Although many chemical parameters and plant and animal species are affected
by human activities, phosphorus concentrations, oxygen content, and the state of the fish
community provide an excellent indication of the overall state of the watershed.
The significant stressors on water quality in the watershed are related to a combination of
urbanization and agricultural activities, as discussed in Chapter 3.
4.2.2 Surface Water Quality
Lake Simcoe receives water from its 35 tributaries. The surface water quality varies
dramatically within each of these sub-watersheds due to land use and topography
differences. By qualifying and quantifying the sources contributing to the degradation of
water quality, effective management strategies can be developed to address the problem.
A comprehensive monitoring program has been developed to measure surface quality
through precipitation and atmospheric deposition, streamflow, lake water and, more
recently, groundwater (latter not being part of the "surface" water regime, but discussed in
a following section). See Figure 4.2.
Urban Non-Point Source Loads
Lawn fertilizers, pet waste and detergent from car washing represent some of the sources
of non-point nutrients in urban runoff. Selected uncontrolled urban areas (those with no
water quality treatment) were monitored for total phosphorus concentrations and used to
model the phosphorus loads in urban non-point sources (see Figure 4.3 and LSEMS
Technical Report A4). The 1998 urban runoff phosphorus load was calculated to be 21.9
tonnes of the average 102 tonnes of phosphorus that Lake Simcoe receives annually.
4.3
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Legend
C LSEMS Boundary
/\/ Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
N Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Major Road
Watercourse
. Town/Village
Monitoring Station Type
. Tributary Sampling Station
@ Stream Gauge
. Meteorological Station
o Groundwater Station
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(May - October)
Water Intake Sampling Station
(year round)
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Figure 4.2
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Monitoring Stations
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,
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Legend
C LSEMS Boundary
/\/ Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
/V' Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Major Road
Watercourse
. Town/Village
. Modelled Urban Area
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Figure 4.3
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Location of Urban Areas Modelled
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Sewage Treatment Plants: Urban Point Source Loads
Sewage treatment plant (STP) discharge flows and volumes and the chemical composition
of those discharges are monitored under the Municipal Utilities Monitoring program. Total
measured phosphorus concentrations are multiplied by recorded discharge volumes to
yield annual phosphorus loadings for each STP. The total phosphorus load from all ofthe
sewage treatment plants for 1998 was 5.7 tonnes. Figure 4.4 shows the location of the
fourteen STPs in the watershed.
Vegetable Polder Loads
Agricultural practices in marshes in the Lake Simcoe watershed (Bradford, Keswick, Colbar
and Holland) rely on the management of water in the fields. Water is either pumped onto
the fields for irrigation or is pumped from the fields to drain excess moisture. Water
pumped from marsh agricultural areas can contain significant nutrient concentrations,
depending on the moisture levels at and soon after the time of fertilizer application. To
evaluate phosphorus loads, discharge measurements (water pumped from fields to the
Holland River) and sampled phosphorus concentrations (from the Holland Marsh) were
extrapolated to the remaining vegetable polders. The resultant total vegetable polder
phosphorus load for 1998 was 5.6 tonnes. The location of the vegetable polders in the
watershed is presented in Figure 4.5.
A tmospheric Deposition
Atmospheric inputs to the lake are sampled at the same locations in the watershed that
precipitation inputs are quantified. Regular samples taken from bulk precipitation collectors
are analyzed for total phosphorus, and phosphorus loads are calculated by multiplying the
concentration in bulk precipitation by recorded precipitation volume. The total atmospheric
phosphorus load for 1998 was 40.1 tonnes.
Surface Water Inflow
Surface water inputs, either measured or modelled as described in the water balance
section (Section 4.3.5), and measured total phosphorus concentrations are used to
calculate surface water phosphorus inputs by subwatershed. Forthe purpose of quantifying
the relative contributions of different sources, the phosphorus load from urban point and
non-point sources that is ultimately delivered to streams was subtracted from the
subwatershed input totals. The measure of surface water inputs is, therefore,
representative ofthe phosphorus inputs in surface water in rural and agricultural areas, and
is termed "tributary load." The sources of nutrients in such areas include livestock,
milkhouse waste and fertilizers, which amounted to a load of 27.6 tonnes in 1998. The
relative contribution of phosphorus from each subwatershed is presented in Figure 4.6.
4.6
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Legend
C LSEMS Boundary
/\/ Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
N Upper Tier Mu nicipal Boundary
I'. / Major Road
^ ,/ Watercourse
. Town/Village
II Sewage Treatement Plants
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Figure 4.4
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Sewage Treatment Plant Locations
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C LSEMS Boundary
N Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
/VUpper Tier Municipal Boundary
Major Road
Watercourse
. Town/Village
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COLBAR MARSH 2
DEERHURST POLDER
HOLLAND MARSH
KESWICK MARSH
NORTH BRADFORD MARSH
BRADFORD MARSH
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Figure 4.5
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Vegetable Polders
Legend
o LSEMS Boundary
/V Lower Tier Municip>l Boundary
/'V Uwer Tier Municip.J Boundary
/V Major Road
/V Watercoorse
. Town/Village
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Phosphorus Loading (kg/yr)
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-3,000
-5,000
- 7,000
.7,000 - 9,000
.>9,000
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Figure 4.6
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Tributary Phosphorus Loads (kgjyr) by Subwatershed Units
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Total Phosphorus Loads
The LSEMS Implementation Technical Report No. Imp.A.5 details the phosphorus loading
to Lake Simcoe from a historical and ecosystem context. This report states that the pre-
settlement (circa 1800 AD) annual total phosphorus (TP) loading rates were about 30
metric T/yr which translates into a dissolved oxygen concentration of about 8 mg/L - a
value usually associated with remote, deep, natural lakes unaffected by major human
disturbance and well able to support a cold water fish community. Today, as a resultofTP
loads having increased 3-fold, volume-weighted end-of-summer dissolved oxygen levels
are only about 3 mg/L, and are a source of major concern for the coldwater fish community
among fisheries scientists and managers (Evans et al1996 ; McMurtry et aI1997). By the
end of the 1990's, phosphorus loading to the lake had increased from about 30 metric
T/year (prior to European settlement within the watershed) to over 100 metric T/year.
Under LSEMS, no new point-source discharges of phosphorus within the Lake Simcoe
basin have been permitted by the Ministry of the Environment since 1985. Population
growth during the past 15 years has taken place as phosphorus removal technology at
sewage treatment plants (STP's) has improved. So, although servicing many more people,
total phosphorus in STP has declined from about 0.5-1 mg/L to < 0.2 mg/L in many cases.
Phosphorus input into Lake Simcoe from the various components of the hydrological cycle
is evaluated regularly by the LSEMS partners. Quantification of the total phosphorus load
reaching the lake is based on numerous monitoring programs undertaken throughout the
watershed and the extrapolation of data from monitored areas to unmonitored areas.
The relative contributions of total phosphorus to Lake Simcoe from all sources are
illustrated in Figure 4.7. Atmospheric deposition, as calculated, represents the most
significant input. Additional precipitation stations have been added to the LSEMS
monitoring network in an effort to more accurately capture total phosphorus loads from the
atmosphere. Historically, data has been difficult to obtain using only two inland stations.
Tributary sources, followed closely by urban runoff, are the second and third most
significant phosphorus sources, respectively. Finally, sewage treatment plants and
vegetable polders complete the list of significant phosphorus sources.
4.10
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1997 -98
1996-97
1995-96
1994-95
1993-94
1992-93
1991-92
1990-91
00/0 200/0 400/0 600/0 800/0 1000/0
D Atmospheric
· Urban Point
Tributaries
Polders
Urban Non
Point Source
Figure 4.7 Sources of Annual Total Phosphorus (TP) Load
TP Load 103 kg
4.11
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4.2.3 Activities Affecting Surface Water Quality
The Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy was formed to address excess
nutrient loading to surface water in the watershed. In Lake Simcoe, as in most other
freshwater lakes, phosphorus is the nutrient in lowest supply. When phosphorus
concentrations are low, growth of rooted plants and algae is also usually low. When
phosphorus is present in high concentrations, plant growth is usually abundant. When this
significantly increased population of aquatic plants and algae die and decompose,
dissolved oxygen is consumed and lake oxygen concentrations fall, as part of the process
known as eutrophication.
Phosphorus is cycled within the Lake Simcoe watershed naturally, and a certain amount
of natural aquatic vegetation growth is good habitat for fish and invertebrates. However,
the increased loading of phosphorus and other nutrients from anthropogenic (human-
caused) sources; such as stormwater runoff, agricultural and domestic fertilizer application,
sewage effluent (from private septic systems and communal sewage treatment plants),
milkhouse waste, soil erosion (from urban and rural areas), inadequate manure storage
and the drainage of marsh areas, impacts negatively on the lake.
Studies carried out in many water systems have shown that phosphorus concentrations
in lakes are directly related to the amounts of phosphorus discharged into lakes. This
suggests that if we can reduce phosphorus loading in Lake Simcoe, future concentrations
of phosphorus will diminish and slow down the eutrophication process. It is obvious from
the sources of nutrients described below that all 'land use' sectors within the watershed are
responsible for its current condition and that all these sectors can contribute to the
reduction of phosphorus input.
Stormwater Runoff
Urban stormwater runoff occurs as rain or melting snow flows from streets, parking lots and
rooftops, taking dirt and debris with it. This is why it is important to consider the type of
urban land use when attempting to quantify the environmental impact of urban stormwater
runoff. Commercial and industrial areas usually have more impervious area (e.g., paved
parking lots, sidewalks, rooftops) than any other type of land use and, consequently,
generate more urban runoff and pollution. In sharp contrast are open areas that have little,
if any, paved surfaces. In these areas, the natural hydrological cycle occurs-water can
infiltrate the ground and the soil filters it before the water enters local streams and
watercourses or continues deeper, recharging the groundwater aquifer.
One of the most significant environmental impacts of stormwater runoff is its effect on
water quality. Problems with degraded water quality directly affect the aquatic ecosystem,
recreational opportunities and aesthetics. Generally, concentrations of pollutants, such as
bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, fecal coliform, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fecal
streptococci), nutrients (e.g., phosphorus, nitrogen), phenolics, metals and organic
compounds, are typically higher in urban stormwater runoff. Other harmful affects include
increased water temperature and the collection of trash and debris. Phosphorus loadings
from urban areas in the Lake Simcoe watershed are depicted in Figure 4.8.
4.12
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Legem
c::J LSEMS Boundary
/V lov.<:r TIer Municipil Boundaty
/V Upper TIer Municip,l Boundary
/V Major Road
/v Watercoo!'Se
. Town/Villa!!,
Phosphorus Load (kg/yr)
<500
500 - 2999
3000 - 4999
>5000
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Figure 4.8
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
UrlHm Stonnwater Runoff Loadings fkg/l/TJ
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Stormwater management facilities can mitigate much of the impact of stormwater runoff
by intercepting and treating the runoff before it reaches the stream. Source controls and
conveyance controls are certainly considered good options to stormwater management if
appropriate (MOE, 1994, Stormwater Management Manual). In addition, a properly
designed facility with both quantity and quality controls holds the first flush of a storm event
in a "wet pond," allowing sedimentto settle. The same settlement process retains nutrients,
such as phosphorus, that are attached to the sediment. The quantity section of the pond
stores the water, allowing it to enter the stream slowly, thereby reducing the damage to
stream morphology caused by higher velocity and higher volume flows and potential
flooding in some instances.
Phosphorus and sediment loading are the two main parameters examined to gauge the
success of current stormwater management ponds. While phosphorus is a naturally
occurring nutrient, high levels can have a detrimental effect on the health of an aquatic
ecosystem. In 1987, Thomas R. Schueler demonstrated that urban areas can be major
contributors of phosphorus into a water system. By comparing a hardwood forest in Virginia
with a new Washington, DC, subdivision and an older urban area in Baltimore, he
demonstrated that the hardwood forest contributed 0.15 mg/L of phosphorus, while the
subdivision contributed 0.26 mg/L and the older urban area 1.08 mg/L (Schueler, 1987).
Schueler's results demonstrate that urban controls can dramatically reduce the amount of
phosphorus entering a river system.
More recently, work was conducted by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment to monitor
the effectiveness of stormwater management ponds for removing phosphorus in developed
residential subdivisions. Two ponds were monitored. The first showed a phosphorus load
without treatment of 1.31 kg/ha/yr; this was reduced to 0.28 kg/ha/yr after treatment in a
wet pond. The second pond had a phosphorus load of 1.27 kg/ha/yr, which was reduced
to 0.48 kg/ha/yr. The difference in effectiveness between the two ponds was attributed to
differences in design and shape, not size (Weng Liang, Ministry of the Environment,
personal communication, 1997).
Historically, stormwater was diverted directly into surface water with no quality treatment,
placing tremendous stress on the natural environment. Many communities, including
Newmarket, Uxbridge and Barrie, have recognized the significance of stormwater quality
control and have initiated retrofit projects to install quality control ponds in older
developments that did not provide adequate treatment.
4.14
4.15
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FerlilizerApplicaUon
Fertilizers represent a significant non-point source of nutrient contributions to Lake Simcoe.
Fertilizers applied in excess of crop uptake can travel in surface runoff or shallow
groundwater flow to enter a nearby watercourse or the lake directly. The proportion of
nutrients taken up by plants versus that lost to runoff and infiltration is a function of soil
conditions, application rates and timing. Fertilizers should therefore be applied at the crop
uptake level to prevent unnecessary contribution of excess nutrients to watercourses.
Sewage Effluent
Every day, millions of cubic metres of sewage are flushed down toilets and drains. Once
the sewage arrives at a pollution control plant, it is treated to an established level of quality
and then released. Depending on the type of treatment facility and its location, the effluent
is discharged into streams or lakes, or allowed to infiltrate the groundwater. The quality of
water discharged also depends on which treatment type is used.
Large-scale operations that service large communities involve three stages of wastewater
treatment. Primary treatment involves removal of large solids from wastewater and the
settling of heavy suspended materials. Secondary treatment takes place in aeration tanks,
where bacteria break down dissolved organic matter. The wastewater is then sent into
another tank to allow remaining particles to settle out of the water. Nutrients such as
phosphorus are precipitated using a salt solution and chlorine is added to kill micro-
organisms. Tertiary treatment involves passing the effluent through sand filters to further
cleanse the wastewater of contaminants that remain before its release.
Smaller communities do not employ all of the techniques described above. Treatment of
wastewater generally occurs in lagoons in these situations and is a much longer process
that relies on bacteria to cleanse the water and additives to induce the precipitation of
certain contaminants. Wastewater is held in shallow basins, where bacteria are allowed to
break down dissolved organic matter and the precipitation process occurs. Treated
wastewater is then released.
All the sewage treatment plants within the Lake Simcoe watershed (Figure 4.9) provide
tertiary treatment, with the exception of those in Cannington, Sunderland and Holland
Landing. These three facilities use treatment lagoons and deliver essentially an improved
primary treatment. While the treatment of wastewater that occurs in the watershed
significantly reduces the concentrations of phosphorus, effluent from sewage treatment
plants remain a significant source of phosphorus.
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Legend
C LSEMS Boundary
/\I Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
NUpperTier Municipal Boundary
Major Road
Watercourse
. Town/Village
STP Phosphorus Load (Kg/yr)
0-99
100 - 499
500 - 999
1000 - 3000 .
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Figure 4.9
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Sewage Treatment Plant Loadings (Kg/year)
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Milkhouse Waste
Dairy farmers wash milking equipment and holding areas after every milking to satisfy their
quality control requirements and provincial health standards. The composition of this
effluent, however, poses a risk to surface water and groundwater supplies if it escapes
from containment. If the wash is released without adequate treatment, wash chemicals,
milk residue, fats, manure and other organic materials are discharged and can potentially
infiltrate the groundwater or run overland to pollute nearby water bodies.
Soil Erosion
Wind and water are the two main agents of soil erosion. Although the process of erosion
occurs naturally, when an area is disturbed by the removal of vegetation, the rate of
erosion significantly increases. Activities such as farming, logging and development,
therefore, increase the susceptibility of an area to the forces of soil erosion because these
activities do remove the protective vegetative cover and allow precipitation to redeposit the
soil. Nutrients, including phosphorus, attach themselves to particles such as soil or
sediment and when these particles are freed through erosion it gives the phosphorus a
variety of new pathways with which to enter the lake. Soil removed through wind erosion
can be redeposited by precipitation, which is one of the leading sources of phosphorus in
Lake Simcoe.
Unrestricted access of livestock to watercourses also promotes erosion as the animals
disturb streambed sediments and near-stream soils. Soil that is eroded from fields,
riverbanks or ditches can settle over spawning beds and degrade or destroy fish habitat.
Eroded sediment also represents a source of phosphorus loading in Lake Simcoe.
Natural shorelines and river valleys play an important role in minimizing soil erosion. As
such, landowners are requested to maintain vegetative cover along shoreline property and
valley lands and reduce the useof fertilizers. The cumulative effect of these resource
management practices can go a long way to reducing erosion problems and phosphorus
loading.
Livestock and Manure Handling
Manure contains nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium and is therefore
an excellent natural fertilizer. However, if manure is not appropriately stored or handled
it can runoff into surface waters or infiltrate into the ground causing contamination. Manure
storage facilities of the proper size allow farmers to store manure so that runoff is
contained, thereby preventing contamination of surface and ground water. This practice
also provides farmers with the flexibility to schedule manure spreading when it is most
effective and to avoid spreading when the ground is frozen. Winter spreading of manure
on frozen ground will quickly runoff the field during a spring rain or snowmelt event.
Livestock that have access to watercourses represent direct sources of nutrient loading to
surface water through direct addition of feces or the resuspension of bed and bank
materials. Fencing cattle to prevent access to watercourses and providing them with
alternate water sources can easily alleviate this problem.
4.17
4.18
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Drainage of Marsh Lands
A marsh is a type of wetland that is either frequently or constantly covered with water.
Marshes often grow soft-stemmed vegetation that can survive in extremely wet conditions.
Marsh soils have an extremely high organic content and therefore represent extremely
fertile areas.
Prior to 1925, the Holland Marsh was a natural wetland. By 1930, two canals (north and
south) had been constructed with dikes to drain a total of 2,833 hectares (7,000 acres)
which became a productive market garden area producing all kinds of vegetables,
including onions, lettuce, celery and carrots. The canals control the water level in the area.
Two pumphouses were built to maintain the water level within the dikes-low enough for
farmers to work the land, yet leaving enough moisture in the soil to keep it in place and
productive. At the same time, water is available for irrigation. This improves productivity
because work can start sooner in the spring, providing a longer growing season. Additional
water management in marsh agricultural practice includes subsurface drainage tiles.These
tiles accelerate the drainage of fields.
The canals that border the Holland Marsh are deep resulting in the water warming and the
sediment within the flow depositing in the canals. These canals were last dredged in the
1950's. The main internal canals in the marsh proper is dredged annually and the internal
feeder canals every 3 years.
4.2.4 Surface Water Quality Monitoring
Tributary Monitoring
The intent of tributary quality monitoring is to ascertain the relative health of the stream
ecosystem in conjunction with benthic invertebrate monitoring and to quantify phosphorus
input into the lake. There are two programs that monitor tributary water quality within the
Lake Simcoe watershed. Under the LSEMS initiative, nutrients, such as phosphorus and
nitrogen, are the primary focus of the sampling program. In partnership with the Ministry
of the Environment, the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority also collects
information for the Provincial Water Quality Monitoring Network (PWQMN). This program
involves monitoring a more comprehensive suite of parameters (metals, bacteria and
phenols), but less frequently, to assess ambient water quality.
The LSEMS tributary monitoring program has been in operation since 1982; it comprises
of 13 water quality stations and eight water quantity stations. The PWQMN, established
in 1977, had 12 monitoring stations. As of 2002, sampling takes place at eight of the sites.
This affords the LSEMS partners the opportunity to compare present-day results with
information from the past. Figure 4.2 shows the locations of the tributary monitoring sites.
Some of the LSEMS and PWQMN stations do overlap; however, since different
parameters are being measured, there is no duplication in information collection.
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Meteorological Monitoring
Atmospheric deposition represents a significant source of nutrient loading to Lake Simcoe.
The nutrients included in wet (precipitation) and dry deposition, including phosphorus, are
derived from wind erosion, particularly from exposed agricultural fields, and from ash from
industrial processes, which are not necessarily local. Atmospheric inputs are estimated
based on the measured volume of incoming precipitation and the chemical composition of
that precipitation. Four meteorological monitoring stations have been constructed
throughout the watershed (Figure 4.2). The most recent addition, located on Georgina
Island, will further improve the accuracy of the network by examining direct deposition into
the lake.
4.2.5 Lake Simcoe Water Quality
Water quality findings as determined from data collected over several years are highlighted
in Figure 4.1 O. Many years of sampling and data collection are necessary to interpret Lake
Simcoe water quality trends. Generally, phosphorus peaks in the early 1980s and early
1990s were separated by a period of lower concentrations in the late 1980s. This
consistent pattern in total phosphorus trends at nearly all sampling stations apparently
reflects changing hydrology (a weather/climate-related variable).
A report entitled "Lake Simcoe Water Quality Update, with Emphasis on Phosphorus
Trends" was completed in November 1998 and is available as part of the Lake Simcoe
Environmental Management Strategy Implementation Technical Report series (No.
Imp.B.18). Although there is no evidence of a recent worsening of the phosphorus
enrichment status of Lake Simcoe, neither has there been any major progress made in
achieving lower phosphorus concentrations in the lake. The Holland River showed a major
reduction in phosphorus and chlorophyll immediately following the diversion of Aurora's
and Newmarket's sewage effluent out of the basin in 1984; however, declines in recent
years have been much less dramatic. At the present rate of decline, it will take
approximately 35 years to achieve the Ministry of the Environment's phosphorus guideline
of 0.03 mg/L-1 for Ontario rivers. This assumes that this rate of decline can be maintained
despite an expanding urban population over the next 35 years-a questionable
assumption. Even after the 1984 diversion, the lower Holland River had some of the
highest phosphorus and chlorophyll levels and the poorest water clarity ever measured in
Ontario.
A successful cleanup of Lake Simcoe will depend in large part on controlling phosphorus
inputs from the Holland River. A trend throughout the 1980s towards greater depletion
rates of deep-water dissolved oxygen during the summer appears to have been broken in
recent years, with rates in 1994 and 1997, in particular, among the lowest measured since
1980. Some of this apparent "improvement" could be attributed to the establishment of
zebra mussels in the lake by the mid-1990s.
4.19
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1985
1990
1995
~ 0.05
...J
t:>> 0.04
g. 0.03
0.. 0.02
(ij 0.01
o 0
I-
1980
E50 I,
~I-j-~-!-I-I-~f-~
~ 0.05
...J
t:>> 0.04
g. 0.03
0.. 0.02
(ij 0.01
~ 0
1980
~ 0.05
...J
t:>> 0.04 K45 ~
E 0.03
~ ~.~~ I'ltt+r+rk-'i+~rt ~
r=. 0
1975 1980 1985 1990
N31
!-f-v!-~+I+rth-h
1985
1990
1995
::J" ~ 0.04
D> 0.04 K39 ~ ...J ~rHJ!-~1
g. I-h+ t+rth-Jh-H ~ 0.03
0.. 0.02 ~ 0.02
(ij ~ 0.01
0
I- 0 0
I- 0
1916 1_ 1_ 1_ 1_ 1980 1985 1990 1995
t ~:~: ~9~ ~
~ 0.02 ~I T T J--
~ 0.01 1 rt-i-r-'-r1-r 1 f-S
I- 0
1980 1985 1990 1995
Figure 4.10 Phosphorus Concentrations at Six Main Lake Sampling Stations,
May - October (means +/- 1 SD)
4.2.6 Open Lake Monitoring
A major water quality target of the LSEMS program is to reduce total phosphorus load ing
to the lake by approximately 25 percent to achieve an annual load of 75 tonnes. This target
was established to achieve another resource objective: increasing end-of-summer
deepwater dissolved oxygen concentrations from present levels of about 3 mg/L-1 to 5
mg/L-1. This level of oxygen will ensure that coldwater fish can survive and be self-
sustaining. Phosphorus concentrations are measured regularly to provide an indication of
the trophic (nutrient enrichment) status ofthe lake and, when continued overthe long term,
to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the phosphorus loading objective. Several lake
processes other than phosphorus loading can influence phosphorus concentrations in the
lake, including biotic interactions, the effects of invading species and year-to-yearweather
differences; long periods of monitoring are often necessary to gain some understanding
of their effects on lake function.
4.20
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The Ministry of the Environment has conducted monitoring at 8 open lake sampling
locations (and 3 Holland River locations) for several years, in the open lake programme.
A suite of additional water chemistry parameters (organic nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia,
cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg), anions (sulphate, chloride), metals, pH) are measured, and
phytoplankton and zooplankton samples are collected. Three additional monitoring stations
are operated by local municipalities, using their municipal water intakes, to supplement
conventional sampling. The locations of these stations are shown in Figure 4.2.
4.2.7 Groundwater Quality
Groundwater is an extremely valuable natural resource and is used as a potable water
source in many of the communities in the Lake Simcoe watershed. The LSEMS program
has not historically assessed the quality of groundwater. In 2002, groundwater sampling
was initiated and will continue at least annually as part of the Provincial Groundwater
Monitoring Network program. More work is required to properly evaluate this resource
within the watershed.
4.2.8 Activities Affecting Groundwater Quality
The discharge of untreated waste, excessive road salt application, leaky underground
storage tanks, excessive fertilizer and pesticide application and chemical spills represent
some of the more significant threats to groundwater quality. All need to be managed on the
ground surface. It must also be recognized that some groundwater resources are more
susceptible to surficial contamination than are others. This section deals with the
vulnerability of groundwater to contamination and the related risks that certain land uses
pose to those vulnerable groundwater resources.
Aquifer Systems
Groundwater is stored in and transmitted through permeable geological units known as
aquifers. These units often consist of coarse-grained materials, such as sand, gravel or
fractured rock, which are highly permeable, meaning groundwater can readily travel
between the pores. The vulnerability of an aquifer to surficial contamination is a function
of the type and depth of material overlaying it. If thick layers of less permeable materials
such as silts, clays or dense glacial tills (referred to as aquitards) are present, the time it
takes for infiltrating contaminated water to reach the confined aquifer would be measured
in tens or even hundreds of years. This would allow for considerable natural filtration and
decay of the contaminant. In such situations, the aquifer would not be considered very
vulnerable to activities on the ground surface. Conversely, if an aquifer is near the surface
and is overlain by permeable geological materials such as sands or gravels, any
contamination released at the surface could reach-and have an impact on-the
unconfined groundwater supply relatively quickly.
There are a number of large-scale municipal groundwater investigations, funded largely
by the Ministry of the Environment, scheduled to be completed across the Lake Simcoe
watershed, and much of the province, in 2003. These studies will significantly further our
understanding of regional hydrogeology and will provide an assessment of the relative
vulnerability of aquifer units. These municipal groundwater studies will also provide an
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assessment of "wellhead protection areas" for municipal supply wells, which will be defined
based on the time it takes a particle of water to travel through the aquifer laterally to a
municipal supply well. Capture areas based on travel times of 50 days, two years, five
years, 10 years and 20 years will be delineated for planning purposes. This information will
provide municipalities with the means of evaluating land use proposals in light of their
potential impact on groundwater.
The Ministry of the Environment, in cooperation with conservation authorities, has also
recently revived the Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network, which will involve the
monitoring of major supply aquifers across the province for ambient water quality and water
level. Although there is not a great deal of historical data on groundwater quality for the
Lake Simcoe watershed, this program will help establish such a database. In conjunction
with the regular groundwater quality monitoring undertaken by regional water mangers, this
new database will enable assessment of trends in groundwater quality.
4.2.9 Groundwater Monitoring
In cooperation with the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, the Lake Simcoe Region
Conservation Authority established a network of six groundwater monitoring sites
throughout the basin in 2002, with another six scheduled to become operational in 2003.
This monitoring is part of a larger Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Initiative. Well water
is monitored for both quality and quantity. Water quality samples are presently being
analyzed for a wide range of metrics to establish the parameters of concern, This initial
suite of analytes includes metals, volatile organic compounds, pesticide compounds,
phenols and a general chemistry package, which includes dissolved solids, major ions,
conductivity, nitrites, nitrates and hardness. Although results for 2002 are extremely limited,
continued sampling will provide information valuable for surveillance monitoring.
4.3 Water Quantity
4.3.1 Current Water Quantity Conditions
Lake Simcoe receives water from its 35 tributaries, direct precipitation on the lake and
direct groundwater discharge to the lake. Urbanization and the associated population
density have translated into significant water quantity issues in the Lake Simcoe
watershed, as they have in many watersheds in southern Ontario. These water quantity
issues are flooding, drought and the related competition for water resources.
4.3.2 Flooding
Flooding was previously discussed in Chapter 3.6 - Natural Hazards. Most instances of
flooding can be related to the development of an area for a number of reasons:
urbanization can significantly change the nature of stormwater runoff, roads and other
infrastructure impose artificial impedances to streamflow, and historical development was
often preferentially located in floodplains because proximity to water was of primary
concern.
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These issues are all relevant in the Lake Simcoe watershed. Until recently, urban
development diverted stormwater runoff directly to watercourses and the impervious nature
of the developments significantly increased surface runoff and decreased infiltration. The
net result of this combination was-and remains so in many areas-a very rapid response
to precipitation events, causing large surges in streamflow that can result in localized
flooding. Compounding this problem, road crossings of watercourses using culverts or
bridges obstruct high flows. If the structures are not the appropriate size or are not properly
maintained, they can act as dams, flooding low-lying areas upstream. The areas most at
risk are obviously those where such structures are located within the floodplain. The
floodplain in the Lake Simcoe watershed is defined for planning purposes by the flood level
experienced during Hurricane Hazel.
4.3.3 Drought
While not as severe as those experienced in the prairie provinces, drought conditions are
not uncommon in the Lake Simcoe watershed. Drought affects not only the agricultural
community but also urban centres through water use restrictions or outdoor water bans
imposed by municipalities in an effort to conserve municipal supplies of potable water.
Drought can also have a significant impact on stream ecosystems. In the absence of
surface runoff contributions during extended dry periods, groundwater discharge maintains
streamflow. Without recharge to sustain groundwater levels, there can be reduced
groundwater discharge to streams or no discharge at all, with obvious consequences to
aquatic habitat.
4.3.4 Competition for Water Resources
As the population density in the watershed increases, so too does the demand for water.
The major uses of surface water and groundwater in the watershed include potable water,
livestock watering, crop irrigation and industrial and commercial activity. The competition
for water resources is irritated under low-water or drought conditions when irrigation,
including urban lawn watering, is most necessary or desirable. This issue is being
examined by regional Low Water Response teams across the province.
Municipal groundwater studies being undertaken across the watershed will provide a much
better understanding of the current extent of groundwater resources, which will help to
evaluate the viability of groundwater as a potable water source for the growing population.
The challenge for water managers will be to balance the water needs of each community
in the watershed, including groundwater discharge and stream baseflow, which are vital
to the maintenance of stream habitat during dry periods.
4.3.5 Lake Simcoe Water Balance
Quantification of the components of the hydrological cycle is undertaken regularly by the
LSEMS partners to yield a water budget for Lake Simcoe. These groups follow a mass
balance approach that requires knowledge of inputs, outputs and changes in storage over
time.
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To evaluate the accuracy of the estimation of water balance components, the difference
between inputs and outputs was compared as a percentage. The mean water balance over
the 8 year period was 3.2%, giving a high degree of confidence in the overall hydrological
data. From each of the water balance components evaluated, the relative contributions to
and losses from Lake Simcoe can be illustrated (Figure 4.11 ).
OUTPUTS
INPUTS
Precipitation
Lake Outflow
Ungauged
Runoff
Figure 4.11 Lake Simcoe Water Balance
Figure 4.11 demonstrates that surface water runoff (both gauged and ungauged) is the
most significant source of water to the lake, which makes sense in light of the catchment
area (3,634 km2) versus lake area (722 km2). The largest loss of water from the lake is
outflow, while the change in lake storage, which was negative between 1990 and 1998, is
too small to be discerned on the chart.
Water Quantity Inputs
Water quantity inputs are additions to water resources in Lake Simcoe and include
precipitation, surface water inflow and groundwater discharge.
Precipitation - Direct precipitation on the lake was estimated based on interpretation of
measurements made at inland locations until 2002, when a gauge was placed on Georgina
Island. The mean lake precipitation between 1990 and 1998 was 5.882 x 108 m3/yr.
Surface Water Inflow - Stream discharge flowing into Lake Simcoe is monitored in eight
of the lake's subwatersheds at various points on the stream (some near the headwaters,
some near the outlets). Based on the measured discharge, the area contributing to the
gauge and the land use in that contributing area, measured discharge values are
extrapolated to the lake outlets in each gauged subwatershed (see LSEMS Technical
ReportA4). For those areas not monitored, discharge values are estimated based on the
average behaviour of gauged areas.
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Point source water inputs from sewage treatment plants in ungauged areas are included
in the gauged discharge term; STP discharge records are maintained by the municipalities.
Some STPs that discharge directly to the lake in ungauged areas, however, were not
included in the inputs term because Lake Simcoe serves as the potable water source and
takings were assumed to balance STP discharge. Mean gauged discharge into Lake
Simcoe between 1990 and 1998 was 3.61 x 108 m3/yr and mean ungauged runoff was
estimated at 4.85 x 108 m3/yr.
Groundwater Discharge - Direct groundwater discharge to the lake has not historically
been considered because of the lack of information available on groundwater flux.
Water Quantity Outputs
Water quantity outputs are characterized as losses of water from the system and are due
to the process of evaporation, outflow from the lake into Lake Couchiching and down-
gradient groundwater recharge of the deep aquifers.
Evaporation - Evaporation from the surface of Lake Simcoe is estimated based on
meteorological measurements made at two stations in the watershed (see LSEMS
Technical Report A4). From these data, mean lake evaporation was estimated to be 5.372
x 108 m3/yr for the period 1990-98.
Surface Water Outflow - Lake Simcoe ultimately drains into Georgian Bay through Lake
Couchiching and the Severn River via the Atherley Narrows. Unfortunately, there is no
gauge at the Atherley Narrows. Lake Simcoe outflow is therefore calculated based on
measured discharge in the Severn River at Washago, which is pro-rated to Lake
Couchiching and then to the Atherley Narrows (see LSEMS Technical Report A4). From
this process, mean lake outflows were calculated as 9.429 x 108 m3/yr for 1990-98.
Groundwater Flow - Like groundwater discharge to the lake, any loss of water from the
lake via deep recharging gradients has not historically been considered. Efforts must be
made to quantify this.
Water Storage
As water moves along the land's surface and through the ground it can collect in areas,
sometimes for long periods of time. When this occurs the water is referred to as being
stored within the system. The two main areas where water is stored in the watershed are
in Lake Simcoe itself and in the ground.
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4.26
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Lake Levels - Water storage in Lake Simcoe is estimated based on fluctuation in the lake
level as measured at two Trent-Severn Waterway stations. From these data, mean lake
storage was estimated to be -1.0702 x 108 m3/yr (indicating a small net loss of water from
the lake) for the period 1990-98.
Groundwater Storage - Fluctuation in groundwater levels in the watershed has not
historically been considered in the water balance exercise. This information is, however,
necessary to facilitate a better understanding of the Lake Simcoe water balance.
4.4 Lake Simcoe Fish Populations
The Lake Simcoe Fisheries Assessment Unit of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
conducts long-term monitoring of fish species in Lake Simcoe and the stresses that affect
them. Long-term monitoring is necessary to understand how stresses such as
eutrophication, fishing, habitat alteration and changes in water quality affect fish
communities. Lake Simcoe has 49 fish species (see Appendix 4.1) that together form a
complex and diverse assemblage of warm water and coldwater species, each with specific
habitat requirements.
4.4.1 Current Conditions
Status of Coldwater Species
As a result of eutrophication, coldwater fish species in Lake Simcoe have undergone a
dramatic decline in abundance (Table 4.1). Without a reduction in phosphorus loading to
the lake, coldwater fish species will continue to be in jeopardy. Populations of lake trout
and lake whitefish have been sustained by annual stocking programs as indicated by
angler catch surveys and fall trap-netting results. The catch of other coldwater species
such as lake herring and rainbow smelt (Figure 4.12) and burbot (Figure 4.13) has also
declined dramatically.
Table 4.1
Status of Coldwater Fish Species in Lake Simcoe
- .
\ < ........ .......... xx .
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Wild fish absent; 100,000 yearlings
stocked each spring
Lake whitefish (Coregonus Wild fish declining; 140,000 fingerlings
clupeaformis) stocked each fall
Lake herring (Coregonus artediJ) Virtually absent
Burbot (Lota Iota) Declining
Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) Recent decline
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- 200 -.- Lake herring
0
0 -/:r- Rainbow smelt
0
~
x
-- 160
.I::
(,)
-
co
(,)
"C 120
a.>
-
co
E
:;::;
en
W 80
40
o
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Figure 4.12 Estimated Lake Herring and Rainbow Smelt Catch, Winter Fishery,
1961-2001
In the past 3 years, enhanced monitoring of the coldwater fish community by the Lake
Simcoe Fisheries Assessment Unit, has indicated that a low level of natural reproduction
is occurring for lake trout and whitefish, although adult wild fish remain absent (lake trout)
or uncommon (whitefish). Future monitoring will help determine if the recent captures of
a very small number of naturally reproduced young-of-the-year lake trout is a new
phenomenon, or just the result of more intensive sampling. Lake Simcoe whitefish is listed
as "threatened" by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.
4.27
400
350
300
250
.s:::
1:a
~ 200
S
0
I- 150
100
50
0
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1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Year
Figure 4.13 Burbot Catch During Lake Simcoe Fall Index Trap-Netting, 1976-2000
Status of Warm-Water Species
The abundance and population structure of common warm-water fish species such as
yellow perch, small mouth bass, pumpkinseed and rock bass has been relatively stable
over the past decade, as indicated by Nearshore Community Index Netting results (Figure
4.14 - *Note: CUE = fish caught per over-night net set). Overall, there are no concerning population
trends for these species. However, the potential influence of recently introduced exotic
species, such as zebra mussels and black crappie, is still unknown.
1996
Year
Figure 4.14 Catch of Selected Warm-Water Fish Species, Lake Simcoe Nearshore
Community Index Netting Program, 1991-2002
200
W
::> 160
u
-
'1::
~
~ 120
'2
::s
.....
Q)
c.. 80
.s:::
1:a
C'CI
U
40
o
1990
-+- Rock bass
-- Pumpkinseed
-..- Smallmouth bass
-- Largemouth bass
-0- Black crappie
-- Yellow perch
1998
2000
2002
1992
1994
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4.4.2 Stressors on Lake Simcoe Fish Populations
The three main factors that affect Lake Simcoe fish populations are habitat degradation,
recreational fishing and the introduction of exotic species.
Habitat Degradation
Coldwater fish species such as lake trout, lake whitefish and lake herring require relatively
cold, well-oxygenated water for their survival and clean spawning shoals for reproduction
and egg incubation. Agricultural activity and urbanization within the Lake Simcoe
watershed has increased phosphorus inputs and resulted in accelerated eutrophication
(the increase of nutrients and decrease in oxygen). Eutrophication has caused an increase
in the amount of algae and plant matter, which consumes oxygen as it decomposes on the
lake bottom. In the summer months, as surface water temperatures rise and coldwater
species move into the hypolimnion (lower water layers), they can be restricted to areas with
low levels of dissolved oxygen. Eutrophication also contributes to the sedimentation of
spawning shoals, which can impair natural reproduction. It is believed that together,
degradation of hypolimnetic and spawning habitat has resulted in recruitment failure of
coldwater species in Lake Simcoe.
Habitat loss and alteration can also occur in littoral (shoreline) areas ofthe lake as a result
of debris removal and construction of boathouses, breakwalls, docks and other in-water
structures.
Recreational Fishing
Lake Simcoe is the most intensely fished inland lake in Ontario, withstanding approximately
3/4 of a million angler hours per year. Most of this fishing occurs during the winter fishery
and is targeted towards yellow perch, lake trout and lake whitefish. The catch of stocked
lake trout has been relatively stable in recent years (Figure 4.16) while the catch of lake
whitefish has increased as a result of an increase in the catch of stocked fish (Figure 4.15).
The catch of yellow perch continues to increase in the winter fishery (Figure 4.17) and
there is also considerable spring and fall fishing for this fish. There are also summer
fisheries for small mouth bass, northern pike and other warm-water fish on Lake Simcoe.
Lake Simcoe fish have one of the highest "safe-to'eat" rates in the province (MOE
Contaminant Testing Program) as seen in the "Guide to Eating Ontario Sport Fish, 2003-
2004".
Exotic Species
Numerous exotic species have entered the Lake Simcoe ecosystem (Table 4.2), many of
which could have an impact on the fish community. Typically, introduced species affect
aquatic communities through competition for resources, predation or habitat alteration.
Identifying the precise mechanism or level of impact on native species is often difficult,
particularly where multiple introductions occur concurrently.
4.29
.-.-.,
.-. ./.
'.-.-----.,.~ ,
1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001
Year
Estimated Wild and Stocked Lake Trout Catch, Winter Fishery,
1974-2001
Wild
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Wild
........
0
0
0
....
x
- 80
..c:
0
-
t'I!
0 60
"C
.$
t'I! Stocked
E 40
:;:;
(/)
w
20
o
1960 1970 1980 1.990 2000
Year
Figure 4.15 Estimated Wild and Stocked Whitefish Catch, Winter Fishery,
1961-2001
14
12
........
0
0 10
0
....
x
-
..c: 8
c.J
-
co
c.J
"C 6
Q)
-
co
E 4
:;:::;
(/)
w
2
0
1973
Figure 4.16
Stocked
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900
800
6' 700
0
0 600
.....
~
.l: 500
(.)
-
co
(.) 400
"C
2
co 300
E
:;::;
In
W 200
100
0
1961
Figure 4.17
1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001
Year
Estimated Yellow Perch Catch, Winter Fishery,
1961-2001
Table 4.2
Exotic Species in Lake Simcoe and Potential Impact on Aquatic
Communities
Species Potentiallrnpact(s) Year
Common carp (Cyprinus Disruption of aquatic vegetation. Excessive 1896
carpio) disturbance of bottom substrate causes eggs of
other species to be silted over and not viable.
Eurasian watermilfoil Excessive plant growth in nearshore areas 1961-84
(Mvrioohvllum soicatum)
Rainbow smelt (Osmerus Potential predator of lake trout and whitefish fry; 1962
mordax) food source for lake trout and other piscivores
Zebra mussels (Dreissena Increased water clarity; diversion of energy to 1992
oolvmoroha) benthos
Bluegill (Lepomis Competes with native nearshore fish species 1990s
macrochirus)
Black crappie (Pomoxis Competes with native nearshore fish species 1987
niqromaculatus)
Spiny water flea Competitor and predator of native zooplankton 1993
(Bvthotreohes cederstroem/)
Banaia atroDUrDOUrea Toxic alaae can cause nuisance smell 1980
Curly leaf pondweed - By 1894
(Potamogeton crispus)
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Information Gaps
There are several key areas where additional monitoring of fish populations, and the
factors affecting them, is required in order to report on the current status of Lake Simcoe
fish populations. Some examples include:
· monitoring conducted by the Lake Simcoe Fisheries Assessment Unit is largely
focused on fish species that are popular with anglers. The above sections speak to
the status of 10 such fish species. However, very little is known about the status of
the other 39 fish species present in the lake (see Appendix 4.1 for species list).
These fish are important in maintaining the overall lake ecosystem health and may
playa role in the rehabilitation of cold-water species such as lake trout and lake
whitefish;
· little is known about the types and locations of critical fish habitat such as spawning
areas, cold-water refugia, etc;
· the importance of stream/river habitat and water quality on lake fish populations;
and
· impacts of changing cold-water environment (e.g. disappearing lake herring,
declining rainbow smelt, increase in sculpin, etc) on the health and abundance of
lake trout and lake whitefish.
4.5 Aquatic Habitat
Habitat can be defined as the environment in which an animal or plant normally lives; it is
often characterized by a dominant plant type or physical feature. All living organisms
require adequate space, shelter, food and areas for reproduction for survival. In an aquatic
habitat, the water quality affects all of these habitat factors. Water movement and quantity
affect the space available for living organisms and provide shelter and refuge in calm, deep
areas. Water also carries small organisms, organic debris and sediments downstream,
which can provide food for many larger organisms. Aquatic organisms and chemical
processes in the water and sediments rely on oxygen entering the water column through
stream currents.
The quality of the aquatic habitat can be assessed by focussing on the fishery since the
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources has recorded fishery information over a reasonably
long period. It can be assumed that if we have been able to sample the organisms, their
habitat is supporting their population and survival to some degree. Another benefit to
examining the fishery is the inclusion of many other organisms when studying fish habitat.
The broad federal definition of fish habitat includes many organisms (plants, insects,
larvae, snails, bivalves and other animals) as part of the "food supply" referenced by the
Department of Fisheries and Oceans: Fish habitat means "spawning grounds and nursery,
rearing, food supply and migration areas on which fish depend directly or indirectly for their
life processes" (Fisheries Act, DFO, 1985, in Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1994).
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Natural shorelines are of great importance to aquatic habitat (ie. not altered or developed).
Woodland cover on natural shorelines provides an input of coarse woody debris into the
near-shore area which supports aquatic invertebrate and fish habitat.
4.5.1 Tributary Aquatic Resources
Coldwater systems generally have annual average water temperatures that remain below
200C and sustain aquatic life that is intolerant of changes in water temperature and of
degraded water quality. Brook trout and the mottled sculpin are both species that prefer
coldwater systems and have been recorded in many headwater areas in the watershed.
The middle and lower reaches of the streams tend to support a fish community that is more
tolerant of warmer water conditions. Pumpkinseed, a warm-water species, has also been
recorded throughout the watershed.
The Ministry of Natural Resources has mapped fishery management zones in terms oftheir
water temperature regimes and their potential for supporting warm- or coldwater fish
communities for several watercourses throughout the Lake Simcoe watershed. The maps,
however, are incomplete and necessitate continual data collection using temperature
loggers in order to develop current pictures of the temperature regimes of the system.
There are many factors that influence the health of the aquatic ecosystem and the quality
of the aquatic habitats within the Lake Simcoe watershed. Some of these influences
include the quality and quantity of water, streambank cover, channel morphology, erosion
and the connectivity of the watercourse to its upper and lower reaches. Effects on habitat
can range from total destruction to chronic, low-level changes in water chemistry or flows
that affect community composition, diversity, abundance and vigour.
Increasing urban development negatively affects local streams by creating more urban
runoff and pollution, as discussed in Section 4.2.3. Commercial and industrial areas
generate increased amounts of pollution as a result of their large impervious areas (e.g.,
paved parking lots, sidewalks, rooftops). Natural areas, in contrast, provide areas where
water can infiltrate the ground, where the soil filters it before it enters local watercourses.
Stormwater runoff can also increase the water temperature regime of coldwater systems
when it drains from warm pavement into streams.
Stream channel alterations can also degrade the natural aquatic habitat by altering the
velocity of the stream and erosive forces associated with the increase in streamflow.
Channel widening, down cutting, sedimentation and channel braiding all affect the natural
flow of the stream and create imbalances within the system. Streambank erosion and
sediment deposition degrade the quality of aquatic environments by destroying habitats
and reducing stream productivity and diversity. Fish spawning beds and nursery areas can
be covered by additional sediment as a result of eroding streambanks.
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4.34
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Instream obstructions caused by dams or log jams can lead to erosion and restrict fish
passage. Streamflow can be altered or decreased by the collection of more debris. A
certain amount of woody debris is necessary to provide adequate habitat structure for
aquatic species, but large log jams should be removed. Many other barriers found
throughout the watershed are the result of urban and rural development. Perched culverts,
dams and weirs can also impede fish passage along the reaches of the watercourse. In
some instances, migratory routes, critical spawning areas or food sources can become
inaccessible. Developers should ensure that culverts are installed correctly and are the
right size to allow adequate movement of organisms through the structure. Some older
structures ccould be improved by lowering them to stream level, although problems with
historic dams or locks can be more difficult to address.
4.5.2 Benthic Macro Invertebrates Monitoring
The insect community within stream-bed sediments serves as an excellent indicator of
stream health. Some species are very sensitive to environmental stressors such as water
pollution, temperature changes and low flow conditions, while others are quite tolerant of
such stressors. The benthic community will respond to water pollution from siltation events
(soil erosion and runoff) or organic waste discharge (sewage plants). Typically, pollution
events remove intolerant species (eg. stoneflies,mayflies and caddisflies) thus allowing
more tolerant (eg. worms, leeches, certain snails) species to dominate a watercourse. The
presence and number of sensitive species versus tolerant species in streams within the
watershed can be compared to those found in relatively undisturbed reference sites to
provide an evaluation of stream conditions. In 2002, a benthic macro invertebrate sampling
program pilot project involving the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority and the
Ministry ofthe Environment was initiated within the Lake Simcoe watershed. Results of the
monitoring efforts will be provided in future reports.
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5.0 land
5.1 Wildlife Habitat
The definition of wildlife habitat in the Provincial Policy Statement is
.. .areas where plants, animals and other organisms live, and
find adequate amounts of food, water, shelter and space
needed to sustain their populations. Specific wildlife habitats
of concern may include areas where species concentrate at a
vulnerable point in their annual or life cycle; and areas which
are important to migratory or non-migratory species.
The diverse habitats of the Lake Simcoe watershed are reflected in its wide variety of birds,
mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates.
5.1.1 Birds
A total of 141 bird species found in southern Ontario are known to breed within the
watershed (Appendix 5.1 ). A number of these species are declining throughout their range,
especially forest, swamp, marsh and open-country birds. Birds that are considered to be
at risk are listed in Appendix 5.2, Species at Risk. The various ranking systems used are
also explained in Appendix 5.2. Scientific names for all species are found in Appendix 5.1.
Northern bird species are found in the watershed's mixed and conifer forests, plantations
and swamps. They include the Long-eared Owl, Northern Saw-whet Owl, Common Raven,
Golden-crowned Kinglet, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Olive-sided Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied
Flycatcher, Swainson's Thrush, Hermit Thrush, Evening Grosbeak, Lincoln's Sparrow,
White-throated Sparrow and Red-breasted Nuthatch, plus a variety of colourful warblers,
such as the pine, Nashville, black-throated blue, yellow-rumped, black-and-white,
Blackburnian, northern parula and magnolia.
Deciduous forests and swamps support many southern species, including the Whip-poor-
will, Ovenbird, Wood Thrush, Cerulean Warbler and Red-shouldered Hawk. The
watershed's large forests and swamps also sustain a diversity of raptors and owls: the
Broad-winged Hawk, Cooper's Hawk, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Red-tailed Hawk, Northern
Goshawk, Barred Owl, Long-eared Owl, Northern Saw-whet Owl, Eastern Screech Owl and
Great Horned Owl.
The mosaic of forests, swamps and regenerating lands in the watershed make it ideal for
such ground birds as the Wild Turkey, Woodcock and Ruffed Grouse. The numerous
regenerating fields, hayfields and pastures harbour open-country birds such as the Upland
Sandpiper, bobolink, Short-eared Owl, Eastern and Western Meadowlark and Eastern
Bluebird and such sparrows as the field, vesper, clay-coloured, grasshopper and
savannah.
5.1
5.2
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The watershed's marshes, thicket swamps and open aquatic communities are home to
many wetland birds. These areas serve as critical waterfowl stopovers. During migration,
thousands of Wood Ducks, Mallards, Blue-winged Teals, American Black Ducks, Canada
Geese and Green-winged Teals concentrate in these wetlands. Some other noteworthy
open-wetland birds in the watershed include the American Coot, Northern Harrier, Sedge
Wren, American Bittern, Marsh Wren, Common Moorhen, Short-eared Owl, Common
Snipe, Virginia Rail, Pied-billed Grebe, Northern Pintail, Black Tern, Least Bittern, Osprey,
Yellow Rail, King Rail and Hooded Merganser.
The Great Blue Heron, a colonial nester, is found nesting in trees in and around the larger
wetlands in the watershed. Islands in Lake Simcoe are particularly critical for colonial
nesting bird species such as the Double-crested Cormorant, Herring Gull, Ring-billed Gull,
Caspian Tern, Forster's Tern and Common Tern. Lake Simcoe and the smaller lakes to
the northeast also provide habitat for the Common Loon, an important indicator of the
health of our lakes because of its sensitivity to contaminants and disturbances.
5.1.2 Reptiles and Amphibians
A total of 31 reptile and amphibian species occur in the watershed (Appendix 5.1). Lakes
and ponds are home to Blanding's Turtle, Snapping Turtle, Painted Turtle, Northern Water
Snake, Bullfrog, Green Frog and Leopard Frog. Larger wetlands support the locally rare
Pickerel Frog and the more northern Mink Frog. Wetlands and associated forests sustain
large populations of forest amphibians such as the Wood Frog, Chorus Frog, Gray
Treefrog, Eastern Newt, Spring Peeper and Spotted Salamander, as well as the nationally
threatened Jefferson Salamander, Blue-spotted Salamander and their hybrids.
The watershed's forests are also home to the terrestrial Eastern Red-backed Salamander
and the mosaic of forests and fields are favoured by such snakes as the green, garter, red-
bellied, brown, ring-necked and milk. A rapidly declining species, the provincially
threatened Wood Turtle, is confined to the largest forests and swamps northeast of Lake
Simcoe. As well, the Eastern Hog-nosed Snake, which is declining through much of its
range and is now designated provincially vulnerable, still resides in sandy areas in the
northern portion ofthe watershed. The provincially threatened eastern Massasauga, a timid
rattlesnake, has become extremely rare in the watershed and may now be extirpated. The
limestone Carden Plains are home to Ontario's only lizard, the provincially vulnerable Five-
lined Skink. A list of reptiles and amphibians that are at risk is found in Appendix 5.2.
5.1.3 Fish
There are approximately 58 fish species in the Lake Simcoe watershed. The 18
subwatersheds of the Lake Simcoe watershed contain a variety of coldwater and warm-
water species, including the provincially threatened redside dace. Its status was recently
heightened to provincially threatened because of its declining numbers. This decline
appears to be in response to the deterioration of stream habitat quality as a result of
expanding urbanization and the loss of riparian habitat.
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5.1.4 Mammals
Fifty mammal species are known to exist in the Lake Simcoe watershed (Appendix 5.1).
The watershed sustains an interesting mix of northern and southern mammals: One can
find northern species such as the Porcupine, Northern Flying Squirrel and Snowshoe Hare
next to those more typical of southern climes, such as the Virginia Opossum and the
Eastern Cottontail, as well as two national federal species of special concern, the Gray Fox
and the Southern Flying Squirrel. Other mammals that are common in wetlands include
Mink, Muskrat and Beaver. The larger blocks of forests and swamps are home to
Porcupine and occasionally Black Bear and Moose. The mosaic of forests, swamps and
fields are ideal for Red Fox, White-tailed Deer and Coyote. A list of mammals that are at
risk can be found in Appendix 5.2
5.1.5 Invertebrates
Greatly outnumbering other animal groups in diversity and population is the vast array of
invertebrates found in the Lake Simcoe watershed. Much basic inventory work still needs
to be done on these invertebrates; only a few databases have been developed for such
groups as Ontario butterflies, dragonflies and damselflies. Even for these insects,
information is incomplete for the watershed, while there is little or no information on other
insects or on other invertebrates such as molluscs.
Ninety-eight butterfly species have been identified in the watershed, including northern
species such as the Bog Copper and Brown Elfin, which are found in bogs (Appendix 5.1).
Prairies, oak savannahs and barrens host such provincially rare butterflies as the Olympia
Marble and the Sleepy Duskywing. Rich Sugar Maple forests, with their spring understorey
of Toothwort, sustain the provincially vulnerable West Virginia White Butterfly. The
watershed's large fields of milkweed support a national federal species of special concern,
the monarch. The marshes, bogs, streams, springs, lakes and ponds in the watershed
support 49 known dragonfly and damselfly species (Appendix 5.1 ).
5.1.6 Species at Risk
One of the greatest stresses to wildlife habitat in the watershed is urbanization. Appendix
5.2 provides a list of all the plants and animals that are at risk in the Lake Simcoe
watershed, as well as their exact status. Species at risk are protected under a variety of
regulations, policies and accords, including Ontario's Endangered Species Act, the
Provincial Policy Statement, the Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan, the Fish and
Wildlife Conservation Act, the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk, and the Crown
Forest Sustainability Act. Not all species are protected, however; this depends on their
status. The Natural Heritage Information Centre in Peterborough assembles and organizes
information on species and spaces at risk and tracks those that are a priority. Recovery
teams are established for species that are endangered or threatened. The purpose is to
improve their status so that they are no longer considered at risk. An important aspect of
the recovery project is protecting and restoring the habitat for the species-habitat loss is
often the reason the species is at risk in the first place.
5.3
5.4
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There are 65 known provincial or national species at risk in the Lake Simcoe
Environmental Management Strategy (LSEMS) study area, including mammals, birds,
reptiles, fishes, butterflies, vascular plants, molluscs and mosses. Some of the species are
historic and have not been seen in the watershed for at least 20 years (eg. Eastern
Massassauga Snake and Gray Fox).
The invasion of exotic species may be the most important threat to biodiversity after habitat
destruction. Several species of freshwater clams have been lost from Lake Simcoe as a
result of invading species. Zebra mussels have had a profound impact on the structure
and function of the Lake Simcoe ecosystem, as have Rainbow Smelt and Common Carp.
Invading terrestrial plants, such as European Buckthorn, Garlic Mustard and Purple
Loosestrife, have also had a significant impact on the watershed's terrestrial ecosystem.
5.2 Woodlands
Woodlands or forests are treed areas that provide environmental, social and economic
benefits, such as protection of air, water and soil conditions; provision of habitat;
recreation; and the sustainable harvest of woodland products. With a diverse multi-
dimensional structure and a strong influence on their environments, woodlands form
complex vegetative communities. Woodlands vary in their characteristics and level of
significance. Woodlands are specifically defined in the Forestry Act (Ontario, 1998), as
follows:
· 1,000 trees of any size per hectare; or
· 750 trees measuring more than 5 centimetres in diameter at breast height per
hectare; or
· 500 trees measuring more than 12 centimetres in diameter at breast height per
hectare; or
· 250 trees measuring more than 20 centimetres in diameter at breast height per
hectare.
The Forestry Act woodlands definition excludes a cultivated fruit or nut orchard or a
plantation established for the purpose of producing Christmas trees.
Before settlement by European people, forests overwhelmingly dominated the natural
landscape of the Lake Simcoe watershed. The characterofthese forests varied depending
upon local climate conditions, soils, biology and disturbance events. European settlement
greatly reduced the amount of forest cover and changed the character of many forests,
although sufficient natural remnants have enabled reasonable interpretation of natural
conditions. The Lake Simcoe watershed is within the southern part of the Great Lakes-St.
Lawrence Forest Region, in ecological site region 6E, containing parts of four site districts
(6E6, 6E7, 6E8 and 6E9) of Ontario's ecological classification system. See Figure 5.1 for
a map of woodland coverage in the watershed.
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Legend
Woodlands
D Lake Simcoe Watershed
Waterbody
/\:' Subwatershed
/~V Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
N Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Road
+
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10 Kilometres
,
Scale 1 : 300,000 (Approx.)
Figure 5. 1
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Woodlands
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Natural mature woodlands on relatively fertile, well-drained soils typically contain Sugar
Maple associated with other species such as Beech, Hemlock and Basswood. Local
disturbances encouraged White Pine, Red Oak and Black Cherry, particularly on drier or
less fertile soils. Wet sites often contain White Cedar or soft (silver/red) maple, sometimes
with Yellow Birch, Elm, Balsam Fir, Tamarack or White Spruce. Successional woodlands
often contain poplar, ash or White Birch on various soils, with willow or Speckled Alder in
wet areas. Red Pine and Scots Pine have been commonly planted and small trees
regenerating in old fields include hawthorn and sumac. General forest clearance for
agriculture in upland areas, retention of broad swamps that were difficult to drain and
uneven regeneration of some lands abandoned from agriculture have affected the overall
forest species proportions. Compilations of site district summaries from a somewhat
outdated forest resources inventory indicate that White Cedar dominates about 22 percent
of the forest cover, poplar dominates approximately 17 percent, Sugar Maple dominates
about 16 percent, lowland hardwood (primarily soft maple with some ash and elm)
dominates 14 percent, upland hardwood (mostly oak, beech or basswood) dominates
about 9 percent, Red and White Pine dominate approximately 8 percent, White Birch
dominates 5 percent, and a variety of other species dominate the remainder (Larry
Watkins, Ministry of Natural Resources, personal communication, summer 2002).
In addition to trees, woodlands provide habitat for a large number of shrubs, herbs and
animals. Representative forest-dependent birds include the Red-eyed Vireo, Rose-
breasted Grosbeak, Ovenbird, Veery and Wood Thrush. Plant species at risk include the
Lily-leaved Twayblade and American Ginseng. Bird species at risk include the Red-
shouldered Hawk and Cerulean Warbler. Larger forests provide overwintering habitat for
White-tailed Deer and Wild Turkey.
Excessive loss of forests on lands of low suitability for agriculture by the late 19th century,
created the need for the first reforestation programs in Southern Ontario. Large tracts of
land were planted predominantly in the headwater areas of the watershed under the
provincial Agreement Forest Program beginning in the 1920's. Many such areas were
considered 'wastelands', where the lack of soil-binding vegetation cover resulted in severe
erosion and downstream flooding. Now owned and managed by York and Durham
Regions and the County of Simcoe, these large conifer plantations are being converted
through natural succession combined with active management into more diverse, natural
forests. The multitude of benefits now provided by these forest tracts includes the
provision of habitat for a range of species, erosion control, ground and surface water
protection, and recreation.
Extensive forest cover was also successfully established through agreements with private
landowners under the Woodlands Improvement Act (W .I.A.), particularly in the 1970's and
1980's. Four provincial nurseries in Southern Ontario also provided landowners with low-
cost seedlings. At its peak in the late 1980's, the province of Ontario was distributing
and/or planting over 20 million trees annually in Southern Ontario only. With the closure
or privatization of the provincial nursery system and the end of the W.I.A. program in the
1990's, tree planting has been reduced to less than 4 million trees annually.
5.6
5.7
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From the early 1990's to today, conservation authorities have taken the lead role with
respect to reforestation programs. The Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority has
been providing watershed residents and municipal partners with tree planting services for
over 30 years, planting an average of 80,000 trees annually. Today, the higher cost oftree
establishment combined with increasing urbanization and land values has resulted in a
more strategic approach to reforestation efforts. Areas targeted for the establishment of
forest cover include riparian corridors, fragile or erodible lands, greenland corridors, and
other sites which provide multiple environmental benefits.
In recent decades, while natural and artificial regeneration increased woodland cover in
some areas, scattered residential development also increased the level of forest
fragmentation in other locations. Inappropriate logging that removed only the "best" trees
has diminished the remaining quality in some stands. Introduced diseases have affected
the proportions of some species such as elm, white pine and butternut. Non-native species
have invaded native woodlands.
Forest insects and disease playa role in the health of the woodlands. In addition to the
native and established species (many were introduced in the late 1800's to the 1950's),
new introduced insects and diseases are likely to have an impact on the watershed's
woodlands. Climate change will no doubt impact woodland health as well as there are
changes to precipitation patterns, droughts and extreme weather events. These changes
will provide increased opportunities for woodland pests and diseases.
Table 5.1 compares the woodland coverage for the 18 subwatersheds identified within the
Lake Simcoe watershed. While the information for York and Durham Regions has been
updated with recent aerial photographs and satellite imagery, further corrective revisions
are planned.
Table 5.1
Lake Simcoe Watershed Woodland Cover Summary
(Note: Land Area (HaJ excludes waterbodies such as lakes, ponds and rivers.)
Subwatershed Land Area (Ha) Woodland Area (Ha) Average Woodland Woodland
Polygon Area (Ha) Cover %
Barrie Creeks 3,818.4 384.7 1.9 10.1
Beaver River 32,395.3 6,348.9 8.5 19.6
Black River 37,561.3 15,716.8 16.0 41.8
East Holland River 24,156.0 5,048.3 6.0 20.9
Georgina Creeks 4,922.0 1,741.8 12.0 35.4
Hawkestone Creek 3,830.7 1,396.4 11.0 36.5
Hewitts Creek 1,808.5 234.4 3.8 13.0
Innisftl Creeks 10,765.3 2,700.7 5t 25.1
Lovers Creek 5,837.3 1,480.8 8. 25.4
Maskinonge River 6,627.0 872.0 6. 13.2
oro Creeks North 8,326.3 2,948.5 7.7 35.4
Oro Creeks South 5,747.1 1,868.4 6.8 32.5
Peffertaw Brook 25,532.3 9,337.9 13.6 36.6
Ramara Creeks 13,824.5 3,744.3 10.2 27.1
Talbot River 31526.5 11455.2 18.2 66.3
Uxbridge Brook 17,671.8 5,399.8 10.8 30.6
West Holland River 34,163.3 7,003.8 7.2 20.5
Whites Creek 10,612.8 2,654.4 11.9 25.0
TOTALS 281,043.6 81,636.1 9.6 29.0
5.3 Flora
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The Lake Simcoe Watershed is a botanically diverse region. A total of 1,247 vascular plant
species (1,270 taxa), of which 71 percent are native, occur in the watershed, reflecting its
wide range of habitats and microclimates (Appendix 5.3). The 367 introduced species are
most common in fields, farms and urban areas and along railways. The 880 native species
include two nationally endangered species: the Lily-leaved Twayblade and American
Ginseng denoted by NE on Appendix 5.3 and three species of national concern: the
Eastern Prairie White-fringed Orchid, Southern Beech Fern and Tuberous Indian Plantain
denoted by NC in Appendix 5.3. There are also 22 provincially rare species that are known
from 100 or fewer occurrences in the province (S1 to S3 SRanks) based on Oldham (1999)
denoted by P in Appendix 5.3. Some of these include Oswego Tea, Bessey's Sand Cherry,
Carolina Eastern Mosquito Fern, Hairy Panic Grass, Beaked Spikerush, Prairie Buttercup,
Houghton's Umbrella Sedge, Schweinitz's Sedge, Cooper's Milkvetch and Swamp
Valerian.
An interim list of 427 native species (49 percent of the native flora) considered rare in the
Lake Simcoe watershed has been developed. It is similar to a list of rare moraine species
developed for the Oak Ridges Moraine Plan denoted by W in Appendix 5.3. A species is
considered rare in the watershed if it is known from 20 or fewer locations or is largely
restricted to rare habitats that cover less than 0.5 percent of the watershed. A location is
defined as 4 km2.
The watershed's rare species occur in a wide variety of habitats: 21 percent of rare species
are restricted to bogs, kettle peatlands and fens; 15 percent to prairies and savannahs; and
10 percent to alvars. This attests to the great significance of these rare habitats, which
occupy less than 0.5 percent of the watershed, yet support 46 percent of its rare plant
species. Another 29 percent of rare species are found in wetlands such as swamps, thicket
swamps, marshes and open-water aquatic communities, which cover 12 percent of the
watershed. Upland forests, which occupy 10 percent of the watershed, host 21 percent of
rare species. The remaining 4 percent of rarities occur in regenerating fields.
The Lake Simcoe watershed supports an even greater variety of mosses, lichens, fungi
and algae, which are relatively poorly studied, Lichens are prominent in dry sandy
communities and grow on trees, while mosses dominate the understorey of peatland
swamps, bogs and fens. A diversity of mushrooms is found in the watershed's forests. As
well, trees and other plants depend on a symbiotic relationship with soil fungi.
5.4 Wetlands
Wetlands are defined as lands that are seasonally or permanently flooded by shallow
water, as well as lands where the water table is close to the surface (Ontario Ministry of
Natural Resources, 1994). Wetlands are critical to the ecological function ofthe watershed
and the ecological health of Lake Simcoe and its streams. Although the following
5.8
5.9
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paragraph summarizes the classification of wetlands, it is important to note that all
wetlands are significant to the well being of a watershed ecosystem.
The Ministry of Natural Resources has grouped all the evaluated wetlands within the Lake
Simcoe watershed into 112 wetland complexes (Appendix 5.4) that occupy 26,316
hectares and 9 percent of the watershed. Attesting to the high significance of the
watershed's wetlands, 54 of these wetland complexes are identified as provincially
significant; another 58 are locally significant wetlands.
There are many wetland complexes in the watershed, particularly northeast of Lake
Simcoe, that still need to be evaluated and mapped. An attempt has been made to map
these unevaluated wetlands using two approaches. Known as "other identified wetlands,"
they occupy 6,797 hectares, or 2 percent of the watershed. Wetlands identified on, and
within 2 kilometres of, the Oak Ridges Moraine were mapped in 2001-02 based on air
photo interpretation and some ground truthing as background preparation for the Oak
Ridges Moraine Plan. Elsewhere in the Lake Simcoe watershed, identified wetland
mapping is based on the wetland layer in 1 :10,000-scale Ontario base maps. For these
areas, an air photo and ground truthing exercise similarto what was carried out for the Oak
Ridges Moraine should be undertaken.
The evaluated and other identified wetlands occupy approximately 12 percent of the Lake
Simcoe watershed. They are scattered throughout the watershed, with the highest
concentrations to the northeast and to the south of Lake Simcoe in the Black, Holland,
Pefferlaw and Beaver subwatersheds (Figure 5 .2). The watershed is noted for having one
of the highest concentrations of large wetlands in southern Ontario, off the Canadian
Shield.
Wetlands perform a variety of functions (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1999),
including:
· Recharging and discharging groundwater
· Reducing flood damage by controlling and storing surface water
· Acting as corridors for the movement of species between habitats
· Providing recreational and tourism opportunities
· Ensuring renewable harvesting for timber, fish and wildlife
· Providing habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species
· Stabilizing shorelines and reducing erosion damage
· Improving water quality by trapping sediments, removing and/or retaining excess
nutrients, immobilizing and/or degrading contaminants, and removing bacteria.
As an example of the important functions of wetlands, the headwater wetlands on the Oak
Ridges Moraine and Oro Moraine portions ofthe Lake Simcoe Environmental Management
Strategy (LSEMS) area ensure dependable base flows of clean and cold waters for the
watershed's streams.
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Legend
Wetland
_ Evaluated
_ Other Identified
o Lake Simcoe Watershed
Waterbody
/'./ Subwatershed
/\/ Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
N Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Road
+
10
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Scale 1 : 300,000 (Approx.)
Figure 5.2
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Wetla.nds
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Wetlands are particularly critical for many animal and plant species. The watershed's open
waters, marshes, swamps and surrounding fields produce large numbers of waterfowl such
as Wood Duck and Mallard, and less common birds such as Northern Waterthrush,
Common Moorhen, Least Bittern, Sedge Wren, Common Snipe, Virginia Rail, King Rail,
Sora, Pied-billed Grebe, and Hooded Merganser among others. These latter birds require
sizeable wetlands and are intolerant of urbanization. Bird Studies Canada has noted that
these area-sensitive wetland birds have their highest presence in landscapes such as the
Lake Simcoe watershed where wetlands are more frequent (Table 5.2). Wetlands in the
Watershed are also important as migratory stopovers for a diversity of waterfowl.
Table 5.2 Area-Sensitive Wetland Bird Species in the Watershed
I Marshes
I American Coot (Fulica americana)
I Black Tern (Chlidonias niger)
I Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago)
Gadwall (Anas strepera)
Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris)
Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps)
Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis
Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus)
American Black Duck (Anas rubripes)
I Yellow Rail (Cotumicops noveboracensis)
I Swamps, Treed Bogs
Northern Waterthrush
(Seiurus noveboracensis)
I Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)
I Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus coopen)
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
(Empidonax fIaviventris)
I American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus)
I Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors)
Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana)
Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis)
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)
Purple Martin (Progne subis)
Sora (Porzana carolina)
Northern Pintail (Anas acuta)
Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola)
King Rail (Rallus elegans)
Hooded Merganser
(Lophodytes cucullatus)
I Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum)
I Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii)
Wetlands provide important spawning, feeding and migratory habitat areas forthe fisheries
of Lake Simcoe and its surrounding streams. For example, the shoreline beds of aquatic
plants and marshes provide critical habitat for many of the fish in the lake.
5.11
5.12
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Wetlands are critical breeding areas for amphibians such as mole salamanders, Eastern
Newt, Wood Frog, Chorus Frog, Spring Peeper, Gray Treefrog, American Toad, Green
Frog and Leopard Frog, which constitute an important base of the food web. Most of these
species are still present in healthy numbers within the watershed, but they have become
rare or absent in urbanized areas. This is because of the loss of wetlands and the
disruption of migration corridors connecting their spring breeding ponds to their forest and
field habitats, where they forage.
Many plant species are dependent on wetlands for their survival. For example, northern
plants such as the Pitcher Plant, Rose Pogonia, Bog Rosemary, Bog Laurel and Large
Cranberry are restricted to the watershed's rare peatland fens and bogs.
The watershed's wetlands are a haven for rare species such as the Eastern Prairie White-
fringed Orchid, a national species of special concern that is found in open calcareous fens;
the nationally threatened Jefferson Salamander, which breeds in wetlands; and the
provincially vulnerable Red-shouldered Hawk, which feeds in wetlands. As well, there are
provincially rare or vulnerable wetland plants and animals such as the Carolina Eastern
Mosquito Fern, Swamp Valerian, Schweinitz's Sedge, Least Bittern, Black Tern, Yellow
Rail, King Rail (nationally endangered) and the Short-eared Owl (a national species of
special concern). Most of the locally rare plants and animals are found in the watershed's
wetlands; for example, such rare northern animals as the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher and
Lincoln's Sparrow and specialized bog butterflies such as the Bog Copper and Brown Elfin.
Over the years, wetlands have been drained, filled or paved for urbanization and
agriculture. They face many stresses, including the introduction of invasive species,
polluted and nutrient-rich runoff from various sources and artificial water level controls.
Under the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS), development and site alteration is not
permitted in provincially significant wetlands south and east of the Canadian Shield for
applications made underthe Planning Act. In their official plans, a number of municipalities
also provide protection for locally significant wetlands. In the Oak Ridges Moraine area, all
wetlands are protected from development and site alterations that would destroy or
harmfully alter their form and function (ORMCP, 2002).
5.5 Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest
Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) are lands and waters containing natural
landscapes that are important for natural heritage protection, appreciation, scientific study
or education. Each ANSI is identified as a life science and/or earth science site depending
on the natural heritage values. A Life Science ANSI is representative of Ontario's biological
diversity and natural landscapes. An Earth Science ANSI is representative of Ontario's
geological diversity.
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5.5.1 Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest
The Lake Simcoe Watershed contains 26 life science Areas of Natural and Scientific
Interest (ANSls), of which 15 are provincial and 11 are regional, occupying about6 percent
of the watershed's lands (Appendix 5.5 and Figure 5.3). Ten ofthe ANSls, including Wylie
Road Alvar and nine ANSls on the Oak Ridges Moraine, are candidate ANSls, meaning
that they still have to go through the ANSI confirmation procedure. These life science
ANSls were selected on the basis of their representation, diversity and condition;
ecological considerations; and special features in areas of similar climate and
physiography known as site districts. Forexample, in the Lake Simcoe Watershed, the Oak
Ridges Moraine is part of site district 6E7, while the lowlands and uplands around Lake
Simcoe are part of site districts 6E6 and 6E8 and Carden Plain northeast of the lake is part
of site district 6E9.
On the Oak Ridges Moraine, upland forests and headwater swamps are represented in the
Happy Valley, Glenville Hills and Uxbridge Glen Major Forest candidate ANSls. They have
moist Sugar Maple, red maple, beech and hemlock forests, drier red oak forests and
headwater white cedar and hemlock swamps. The Uxbridge Glen Major Forest ANSI is
also noteworthy for its large number of white pines. Headwater swamps and marshes are
represented in the Pefferlaw-Uxbridge Headwaters candidate ANSI.
The Oak Ridges Moraine's noteworthy concentration of kettle wetlands, kettle peatlands
and kettle lakes is represented in the Vandorf Kettles, Musselman Lakes Kettles, Hall-
Thompson Lake Kettles, Utica Bogs and Vivian Bog candidate ANSls. Seven kettle lakes,
10 kettle peatlands and hundreds of kettle wetlands were set aside. These areas are
variously dominated by thicket swamps of willow, red osier dogwood , and winterberry,
sedge and grass marshes, herbaceous marshes, cattail marshes and open-water aquatic
communities.
Around Lake Simcoe itself are the Lake Simcoe Lowlands and Uplands (site district 6E6)
and the western extreme of the Peterborough Drumlin Field (site district 6E8). These areas
are represented by 14 ANSls. The Holland River Marsh ANSI contains rare fen
communities and extensive marshes and swamps. The Pottageville Swamp, Pefferlaw
Brook, Zephyr Creek Swamp and Beaverton River Swamp ANSls are characterized by
large wetland swamps, thicket swamps and marshes. The Duclos Point Park Reserve and
McGregor Point Marsh ANSls are good examples of lakefront marshes and swamps along
two of the few undeveloped shorelines on Lake Simcoe. The Wilfrid Bog and Derryville Bog
ANSls are the best examples of bog communities in the area. The Holland Landing Prairie
and DeGrassi Point ANSls are two of the few remaining tallgrass sand prairies and oak
savannahs in southcentral Ontario. The forested bluffs of the former Lake Algonquin just
touch the edge of the watershed at the Allandale Lake Algonquin Bluffs ANSI in Barrie. The
Oro Moraine to the northwest of Lake Simcoe comprises extensive sugar maple and beech
forests at Rugby West and Martin Farm South ANSls.
5.13
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Legend
Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest
Life Science
Provincial
~ Regional
Earth Science
o Provincial
Regional
o Lake Simcoe Watershed
Waterbody
/../ Subwatershed
/\/ Lower Tier Municipal Boundary
N Upper Tier Municipal Boundary
Road
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10
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10 Kilometres
,
Scale 1 : 300,000 (Approx.)
Figure 5.3
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest
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The limestones of Carden Plain (site district 6E9) to the northeast of Lake Simcoe is
represented in three ANSls. The Wylie Road Alvar candidate ANSI provides representation
of provincially rare dry and wet alvar grasslands and creeping juniper-shrubby cinquefoil
alvar shrublands, as well as wetlands and upland forests. Two bog communities are found
at the Johnston Lake Bog and Victoria Road Bog ANSls.
Most of the life science ANSls in the Lake Simcoe Watershed were identified in the early
1980s (Lindsay, 1984; Lindsay, 1986; Hanna, 1984a; Hanna, 1984b). Since then our
knowledge of the vegetation of the watershed has greatly increased through extensive
wetland evaluation fieldwork in the 1980s and 90s, fieldwork carried out in Environmentally
Significant Areas (ESA) by the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority (Ecologistics,
1981) and vegetation, flora, and faunal work carried out by the Ministry of Natural
Resources, volunteers and consultants. This is reflected in the large number of new
candidate ANSls identified as part of the background preparatory work for the Oak Ridges
Moraine Plan. A similar update of ANSls needs to be carried out for the Lake Simcoe
Lowlands, Peterborough Drumlin Field, Oro Moraine and Carden Plain portions of the
watershed. For example, two rare fen communities and a shoreline bog community have
been found in the Lake Simcoe Lowlands and potentially warrant ANSI status. Other
fieldwork has identified some sites that also potentially warrant ANSI status, such as
Gibson Hill Swamp, Raven Lake and others.
5.5.2 Earth Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest
The province has identified 18 earth science ANSls that represent the glacial features and
bedrock of the Lake Simcoe Watershed (Figure 5.3). There are 10 provincial and eight
regional ANSls, covering about 1 percent of the watershed (Appendix 5.5). Four of the
ANSls on the Oak Ridges Moraine are candidate ANSI that are going through the ANSI
confirmation procedure. Six of the eight regional ANSls are defined only by centroids, with
more fieldwork required before their boundaries can be determined.
The deltaic fan deposits, or kames, of the Oak Ridges Moraine, are represented at the
Glenville Hills and MountWolfe candidateANSls. Glacial meltwater channels and spillways
are represented at the Linton Kelly Lake Channels and Uxbridge Lobe Glacial River
Deposits candidate ANSls. Hummocky and kettle moraine features are set aside at the
Musselman Lake Kettle Complex and the Palgrave Moraine Topography ANSls. The
Kettleby Till ANSI, along a road cut, displays cross-sectional exposures of glacial till
deposits.
5.15
5.16
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There is representation of a smaller moraine and esker known as the Lake Simcoe
Moraine ANSI. Carden Plain bedrock exposures from the Ordovician period (Verulam and
Bobcaygeon formations) are found along road, railway and canal cuts, and in quarries at
sixANSls including Kirkfield Liftlock, Kirkfield Quarry, Gamebridge Quarry, Eldon Site and
Verulam Formation. The former shorelines of Lake Algonquin and existing shorelines
around Lake Simcoe are represented by five ANSls (the Duclos Point Park Reserve,
Kirkfield, Bolsover Raised Beach, Beaverton River Raised Beach and Beaverton Raised
Beach ANSls).
Most ofthe watershed's earth science ANSls were identified in the 1970s (Cordiner, 1982).
In 2002, an update of earth science ANSls was carried out for the Oak Ridges Moraine
Plan. A similar process needs to be carried out for earth science ANSls in the rest of the
watershed, particularly for the six regional ANSls that currently do not have defined
boundaries.
There is protection for provincially significant ANSls through the Provincial Policy
Statement (PPS) for applications made under the Planning Act. Development and site
alteration may be permitted in and/or adjacent to a provincially significant ANSI only if it
has been demonstrated that there will be no negative effects on the natural features or
ecological functions for which the area is identified. Regional ANSI's are not afforded the
same protection in the current PPS, however municipalities may be more restrictive than
the PPS in their official plans. The Ministry of Natural Resources also encourages the
protection of both provincial and regional ANSls.
In the Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan Area, all ANSI's are subject to more
stringent protection. Currently, information regarding their protection is outlined in the Oak
Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan, and municipalities are required to bring their official
plans and zoning bylaws into conformity with the conservation plan.
5.6 Unique Habitats
5.6.1 Alvars
Alvars are provincially rare communities that are characterized by naturally open areas of
thin soil over essentially flat limestone or marble rock with trees absent or at least not
forming a continuous canopy (Catling et ai, 1975; Catling and Brownell, 1995). The
Province of Ontario is privileged to have some of the best examples of alvars in North
America.
In the Lake Simcoe Watershed, alvars are found northeast of the lake on the extensive
Carden Plain. The Wylie Road Alvar in Kawartha Lakes is a particularly good site. Here
there are shrublands of fragrant sumac, common juniper, creeping juniper and shrubby
cinquefoil; dry alvar grasslands of poverty oat grass; and wet alvar grasslands of tufted
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hairgrass . The grasslands and shrubby areas support a variety of showy flowers in the
spring, such as Indian paintbrush, balsam ragwort, false pennyroyal and early saxifrage,
as well as a number of provincially and locally rare plants and animals, such as the
provincially rare to uncommon Cooper's milkvetch (Astragalus neglectus) and prairie
dropseed (Juncus secundus). The loggerhead shrike (Lanius IUdovicianus), a federally
endangered species, nests at the site (Brownell and Riley, 2000). Alvars are threatened
by overgrazing, regrading and aggregate extraction.
5.6.2 Prairies and Oak Savannahs
Not all of the Lake Simcoe Watershed was densely forested prior to European settlement.
Tallgrass prairies and oak savannahs, sharing many ecological similarities, once covered
sandy areas in the southwest portion of Lake Simcoe at Holland Landing, DeGrassi Point
and Fox Island. A significant amount of savannah habitat was also once found at the head
of Kempenfelt Bay. Prairies have little tree cover, while savannahs have scattered trees
that cover less than 35 percent of the ground, in contrast to woodlands, which have from
36 to 60 percent tree cover; forests have better than 60 percent tree cover. These open
or semi-open plains were maintained by droughty soil conditions and by ground fires that
likely were encouraged by First Nations peoples. The more intense and frequent the fires,
the more open the plains. It is no coincidence that all of the prairie and savannah sites
around Lake Simcoe have long histories of First Nations inhabitation. The Holland Landing
site was the carrying place for First Nations people entering or leaving the Holland and
Lake Simcoe waterways, Fox Island is part of the Chippewas of Georgina Island Reserve
and DeGrassi Point, with its cool lake breezes, was a favoured encampment site.
These prairies and savannahs have been much reduced in size by natural woody
succession, which was once kept in check by ground fires. In the case of the Holland
Landing Prairie the reduction has been caused mainly by the planting of pines. The
remaining 68 hectares of remnants still support a spectacular diversity of flora and fauna.
The open prairies are covered in tall grasses: Indian Grass, Little Bluestem and Big
Bluestem are interspersed with showy wildflowers. Open-grown White and Red Oak and
White Pine dominate the savannahs. In the understorey, there are low shrubs and an
abundance of grasses, sedges and wildflowers.
Prairies and savannahs are among the most endangered ecosystems in the world. Only
0.02 percent of their original extent remains in Ontario (Bakowsky, 1993) and remnants
cover only 0.02 percent of the Lake Simcoe Watershed. These ecosystems are noteworthy
for their concentration of rare plants and associated insects. Fifteen percent of the
watershed's rare plant species and 18 percent of its provincial rarities are found here.
These include the provincially rare Clinton's Leafless Bulrush, Prairie Buttercup,
Houghton's Umbrella Sedge and Hairy Panic Grass and such local rarities as Flowering
Spurge, Saskatoon Berry, Sand Cherry, Bluets, Frostweed, Butterfly-weed and Narrow-
leaved New Jersey Tea, among others.
5.17
5.18
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Considering the beauty and endangered status of prairies and savannahs, encouragement
should be given to bringing them back to some of their former glory. The efforts of the
Tallgrass Prairie Community Recovery Plan (Rogers, 1998), a joint effort of the World
Wildlife Fund Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and the actions of
other volunteer groups are a hopeful sign that this can be achieved. The restoration of the
DeGrassi Point Prairie is a good example of what needs to be done at the other two
remnants, including controlled burns and the removal of planted pines. There should also
be a concerted effort to expand the tiny remnants. This would restore some of the wild
prairie and savannah landscapes that so impressed the early European settlers and were
home to our First Nations.
5.6.3 Bogs and Fens
Fens and bogs are rare peatlands in southern Ontario, off the Canadian Shield, occupying
less than 1 percent of its wetlands (Riley, 1989). In the Lake Simcoe Watershed they
occupy less about 567 hectares, or 0.2 percent of the land portion of the watershed. On
the Simcoe Lowlands and Carden Plain portion of the watershed there are 10 known bogs,
which comprise 164 hectares. The largest is Derryville Bog, followed by Mara County Bog,
Johnston Lake Bog, Victoria Road Bog, Wilfrid Bog, Holland Marsh Bog, Victoria Point
Bog, Uxbridge Bog and Pottageville Swamp Bog. Fens are restricted to nine sites
comprising 383 hectares; the largest is the 362-hectare Holland Marsh Fens, but there are
other high-quality examples at Raven Lake, Gibson Hill Fen, Upper Uxbridge Brook Fen
and Mount Albert Fen.
On the Oak Ridges Moraine portion of the watershed there are 14 provincially rare kettle
peatlands comprising 20 hectares (Bakowsky, 1996). Known colloquially as kettle bogs,
they are similar in some ways to both bogs and fens. Kettle peatlands occur in small
isolated depressions, or kettles, that were created by melting blocks of ice left behind by
the glaciers. Kettle peatlands are found on the moraine near the hamlets of Roseville,
Vivian, Utica, Musselman Lake (four kettles), Vandorf (four kettles), White Rose, Happy
Valley and New Scotland.
Bog, fens and kettle peatlands occur on thick organic deposits or peats and typically have
low nutrient status. Bogs tend to have acidic peats, or more neutral peats in the case of
kettle bogs. They are typically dominated by heath shrubs such as Leatherleaf, Sheep
Laurel and Bog Laurel, but also hosting stunted Tamarack and Black Spruce and the
occasional sedge communities of Few-seeded Sedge and Slender Sedge.
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Fens have more calcareous peats, often fed by groundwater seeps. They support sedge
and grass communities with stunted White Cedar and scattered shrubs of Shrubby
Cinquefoil, Sweet Gale and Swamp Birch. The dominant grasses and sedges include
Northern Reed Grass, Creeping Sedge, Slender Sedge, Water Sedge, Yellow Sedge,
Little Prickly Sedge, Small Yellow Sedge, Wooly Sedge, Sterile Sedge and Hudson Bay
Bulrush. Fens are noted for their showy displays of wildflowers such as Pitcher Plant, Bog
Goldenrod, Grass-of-Parnassus, and orchids such as Rose Pogonia, Grass Pink and
Showy Lady's Slipper.
Bogs and fens harbour many rare plants, such as the Eastern Prairie White-fringed Orchid,
a provincial species of special concern; provincially rare Swamp Valerian and locally rare
northern species such as Bog Rosemary, Bog Willow, Bog Buckbean and Cranberry.
These areas are also home to rare northern animals, including the Yellow-bellied
Flycatcher, specialized bog butterflies such as the Bog Copper and Brown Elfin and bog
dragonflies such as the provincially rare Brush-tipped Emerald.
Bogs and fens are highly sensitive ecosystems. Because of their small, isolated drainage
basins, acidic waters and low nutrient status, bogs can be easily degraded by stormwater
inputs from development or agriculture. Fens are also sensitive to nutrient inputs and to
any disturbance to groundwater flows due to their dependence on groundwater seeps and
their similar low nutrient status. For example, high nutrient loading in the Holland River
could be affecting the Holland Marsh Fens and could eventually result in their conversion
to cattail marshes and thus to the demise of the watershed's only colony of Eastern Prairie
White-fringed Orchids in the watershed. Extraction of peat for sale as garden peat moss
is a serious threat to these rare ecosystems. This activity has already resulted in a
substantial impact to Wilfrid Bog.
5.19
6.0 Air Quality
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6.1 Introduction
The ecosystem concept maintains that life on Earth is dependant on the continuance of
the complex interrelationships among the land, water and air. A disruption of one of these
natural components can have far-reaching consequences on the others, and on the
organisms that depend on them for survival. The atmosphere is another component that
is being affected by human activities. The atmosphere serves a number of vital functions,
including retaining heat, protecting us from the sun's ultraviolet rays, powering weather
patterns and generally supporting life on Earth.
Human activities are polluting the atmosphere and resulting in a decline in air quality. On
a global scale, air pollution is causing such problems as global warming and a thinning
ozone layer, and at a local level, it is causing smog and acid rain. Poor air quality directly
affects the health of humans, plants and animals. For example, in humans smog may
cause respiratory difficulties, especially in people with heart or lung disorders, the elderly
and the very young. On a much larger scale, changing weather patterns can have a
devastating impact on human well-being through the increasing occurrence of natural
disasters such as flooding or drought, which can directly or indirectly lead to loss of life.
6.2 Factors Affecting Air Quality
Air quality is affected through the burning of fossil fuels-in automobiles and various
industrial processes, for example. Common pollutants include sulphur dioxide, ozone,
nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter and carbon monoxide.
Regional air quality can be further affected by local weather patterns and topography,
which can influence the dispersal of airborne pollutants. It is therefore conceivable that air
quality in the Lake Simcoe watershed is affected by activities taking place hundreds, or
even thousands, of kilometres away.
The Lake Simcoe area is part of a much larger "airshed," a concept similar to that of the
watershed. This airshed is estimated to extend from Hudson Bay in the north down to
central Georgia and from the Dakotas in the west to New Brunswick in the east. This
means that not only is air quality in the Lake Simcoe watershed linked to a much larger
geographical area, but that we have limited control over the air quality in the watershed.
Efforts to address air quality must therefore be made through partnerships that cover the
entire airshed, involving international cooperation.
Air quality monitoring across the province is conducted by the Ministry of the Environment.
The information is used to provide real-time information on air quality to the public through
the Air Quality Index (AQI) at www.airqualityontario.com. There are 37 AQI stations, two
of which were established recently in the watershed, one in York Region in 2000 and one
in the City of Barrie in 2001 (Figure 6.1).
6.1
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Legend
t:J LSEMS Boundary
/V J..ower TIer MunicifB! BoundaIy
/V Upper TIer Municij:BI Boundary
/V Mjicr Road
/V Wateroo.lIse
. TCM'I1/V\JJa~
. Air Quality Index Station
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Scale 1 : 300,000 (Approx.)
Figure 6.1
Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Air fJualitg Index Stations
6.3 Impacts on Air Quality
As in the rest of Ontario, the parameter responsible for the greatest number of moderate
to poor air quality readings in the Lake Simcoe watershed is ground-level ozone. Ozone,
which is the primary ingredient in smog, is produced when nitrogen oxides and volatile
organic compounds react in sunlight. Automobiles are a major source of these pollutants.
During widespread pollution episodes, more than 50 per cent of Ontario's ozone and
particulate matter are due to long-range transport from neighbouring U.S. states.
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In the Lake Simcoe watershed, a third ofthe population commutes to work, and many are
commuting for more than two hours per day (Statistic Canada). This greatly contributes to
the amount of ground-level ozone. As for the alternatives, only 3 percent of the population
car pools and only 1.4 percent uses public transit to get to work. Recent improvements to
York Region's public transit system might encourage more people to rely on public transit.
Higher numbers of people car pooling or using public transit to get to work would improve
air quality by reducing automobile emissions and therefore the amount of ground-level
ozone generated.
Another pollutant of concern in the watershed is particulate matter. Particulate matter is
emitted into the air through burning fossil fuels, including automobile fuel; from industrial
processes such as incineration, construction and metal processing; and from natural
sources such as wind erosion and forest fires.
Another air quality issue that affects the ecological health of the Lake Simcoe watershed
is the atmospheric deposition of phosphorus. Unlike ground-level ozone, this problem does
not affect human health but has a more direct impact on water quality. As mentioned in
Sections 5.3 and 5.4 on water quality, phosphorus is one of the main parameters affecting
the health of Lake Simcoe. Since phosphorus is a naturally occurring nutrient, it can come
from many sources, including the atmosphere, or more specifically, through wind erosion
and precipitation. Many contaminants, including phosphorus, attach themselves to soil
particles. When the soil is exposed, both water and wind can remove these particles via
erosion. Some of the land use activities that contribute to atmospheric pollution in the
watershed include agriculture, logging, urban development, gravel pits and quarries. These
land uses typically expose the land surface, increasing the susceptibility of an area to the
forces of wind erosion.
As with particle transport in water, larger particles in the atmosphere will typically be
dropped out over relatively short distances, while smaller particles can be carried farther
or incorporated into rain drops as they form, and can thus be redeposited by precipitation.
Soil deposited by wind erosion can eventually find its way into rivers via surface runoff or
be deposited into the lake itself. Precipitation enriched with phosphorus constitutes a direct
phosphorus input to Lake Simcoe and its tributaries.
6.3
6.4 Air Quality Results
6.4.1 Air Quality Index Results
Between May and November 2002, the AQI web site posted air quality advisories for 63
days at the York Region Station and 43 days at the Barrie station. These were days when
the air quality was moderate or worse as a result of excessive ozone. A further two days
at York Region and four days at Barrie were posted as moderate or worse because of
particulate matter; the remaining days had good or very good air quality. Information from
2000 for York Region also shows that ozone is the parameter responsible for the greatest
number of moderate to poor air quality readings.
Smog advisories issued by the Ministry of the Environment for regions in the Lake Simcoe
watershed (Table 6.1). It is of interest to note that the highest years in this record are 2001
and 2002 with by far the most smog advisory days. The high number of smog advisories
issued in 2001 and 2002 were mainly attributed to the meteorological conditions
experienced during the hot and dry summers which were favourable to the production of
ground-level ozone and subsequent transboundary flow of polluted air into Ontario. In
contrast, the wet and cool summer of 2000, resulted in a relatively low occurrence of smog
advisories.
Table 6.1
Numbers of Smog Advisories and Smog Advisory Days
BARRIE-HURONIA YORK-DURHAM
Year Advisories Days Advisories Days
1993 0 0 1 1
1994 1 3 2 5
1995 2 2 4 8
1996 1 2 2 3
1997 2 3 2 4
1998 2 5 3 7
1999 5 8 5 9
2000 2 2 3 3
2001 7 17 7 20
2002* 8 14 9 18
Totals 30 56 38 78
Source: Ministry of the Environment
There has been some improvement in air quality over the past few decades with advances
such as unleaded gasoline. More stringent environmental regulations and technological
advances have reduced emissions from point sources such as incinerators and power
plants. However, as a result of the increasing numbers of automobiles, levels of pollutants
such as ozone and particulate matter remain high. Since there is little public transit and
large numbers of commuters in the Lake Simcoe watershed, ozone and particulate matter
levels will continue to be an issue in the watershed.
6.4
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6.4.2 Deposition of Atmospheric Sources of Phosphorus
To quantify the amount of phosphorus contributed to the lake from atmospheric sources,
precipitation monitoring has been conducted since 1995. Regular samples taken from bulk
precipitation collectors are analyzed for total phosphorus; phosphorus loads are calculated
by multiplying the concentration of bulk precipitation by recorded precipitation. The total
atmospheric phosphorus load for 1998 was 40.1 tonnes, accounting for almost 40 percent
of the total estimated load to the lake that year.
As with other air quality issues, the factors affecting atmospheric phosphorus loading to the
lake range beyond the Lake Simcoe watershed itself. Reductions can be achieved by
implementing best management! soil conservation practices (urban/rural) across the Lake
Simcoe airshed. These strategies include the adoption and enforcement of soil
conservation bylaws and the planting of wind breaks adjacent to agricultural lands and
other land uses.
6.5 Summary of Current Air Quality Conditions
Generally, air quality within the Lake $imcoe watershed can be described as good, with
fewer than 10 air quality advisories lasting less than 21 days in total being issued in any
given year. However, the increase in the number of advisories issued during the past 10
years is of great concern. Figures 6.2 and 6.3 illustrate a significant increase in air quality
advisories and the number of days that the advisories were in effect.
Figure 6.2 Number of Air Advisories Issued, 1993-2001. *2002 results incomplete.
Source: Ministry of the Environment.
10
(/)
CD 8
.;::
0
(/)
'5 6
~
-
0 4
~
CD
..c
E 2
::J
Z
0 1993
1997 2001
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002*
Year
BARRIE-HURONIA
YORK-DURHAM
Source MOE: * 2002 Year Results Incomplete
6.5
Figure 6.3 Number of Days Advisories Were in Effect.
Source: Ministry of the Environment.
(/j 15
>.
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0
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0 10
....
0)
..0
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1994 1996
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1997
1999
2001
1- BARRIE-HURONIA
1998
Year
-- YORK-DURHAM
2002*
2000
Source MOE: . 2002 Year Results Incomplete
Specifically, results for 2001 and 2002 exhibit a marked increase in both the number and
duration of advisories.
A growing population, an increase in the use of motorized vehicles and an increase in
industrial development in the airshed are believed to be the main factors contributing to air
quality advisoriesA, especially in the Greater Toronto Area. Continued monitoring of the air
quality index is required to determine if air quality conditions will continue to decline.
Investigations qualifying and quantifying the various sources of air pollution contributing to
the problem within the Lake Simcoe airshed should also be considered, with the goal of
developing a comprehensive air quality improvement strategy.
6.6
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PART III
DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE ACTION
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7.0 Directions for Strategy Development
7.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the key environmental issues for the Lake Simcoe watershed,
and the support that will be provided by the LSEMS project to assist in resource
management and land use decisions in the future. As a benchmark, this State ofthe Lake
Simcoe Watershed Report will provide a basis for discussion related to the protection and
rehabilitation of existing natural features and ecosystem functions.
Phase III of the LSEMS project has a number of key projects planned to support the
natural resource needs within the Lake Simcoe watershed, including:
· the development of a basin-wide watershed plan (to be initiated in 2004) for the
Lake Simcoe watershed;
· enhancing the comprehensive monitoring program to include key performance
indicators and associated data needs; and
· increasing public awareness and understanding of environmental issues, leading
to action.
It is expected that through the development of the basin-wide watershed plan for Lake
Simcoe a much more comprehensive set of activities and future considerations will be
identified.For example, there may be recommendations for the development and
implementation of new policies, innovative programs and planning practices to manage
growth and protect the natural environment of the Lake Simcoe watershed.
7.2 Reviewing Key Issues
7.2.1 Community
It is clear that human activities are having a significant impact on the health and quality of
the Lake Simcoe ecosystem. Unquestionably, the environmental issue associated with the
community that is most significant for the future is population growth, and the change to
the landscape that will result. As the watershed's population continues to grow, so too will
the need for additional housing and associated infrastructure. The management of this
growth is of paramount importance if its impact onthe health of the lake and related
ecological features and functions in the watershed is to be minimized. Key related issues
identified in Chapter 3 include the following:
· continued population growth and the lack of supporting infrastructure (eg. water
management services);
· urban growth and potential urban sprawl;
· loss of green space and natural heritage features;
· loss of agricultural lands, reduction in the number of farms and the lack of new
entrants into the business of farming;
· the increase in flooding that results from urban growth; and
· the loss of recreational opportunities and the subsequent impact on the local
economy.
7.1
7.2
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Environmental impacts associated with the community are widespread and include;
· decline in air quality;
· decline in water quality;
· degradation and destruction of natural heritage features; and
. loss of aquatic and terrestrial habitat, affecting populations of both flora and fauna.
The individual components that have been used to describe "community" are in a constant
state of change, influencing the significance of each of the issues listed above. Continued
monitoring of community indicators, such as changes in population and population density,
land use patterns, growth of urban areas, and more, is necessary for the establishment of
long-term trends and the development of specific performance targets.
7.2.2 Water
In many parts of the world, clean fresh water is very valuable because it must be imported
at great expense, pumped from extremely deep wells or drawn from the sea using
desalination technology. In Canada, we generally have regarded our supply of fresh water
as inexhaustible and, therefore, have historically placed a very low value on this resource.
With increased urbanization and more intensive land use of the 20th century, it has become
apparent that the resource is actually finite and can be easily degraded or even destroyed.
At the same time that our land use practices put more stress on our fresh water supply, we
require greater amounts of this resource to maintain aquatic habitats, drive economic
growth and supply a growing population. Lake Simcoe is a typical example of a watershed
where the water resource is under stress (as can be seen by indicators such as the
collapsing coldwater fish community). Key issues related to water included the following:
. water quality of the lake and its tributaries is being degraded by pollution originating
from atmospheric deposition; as well as urban and agricultural land use activities;
. phosphorus pollution is the main water quality parameter of concern. It causes a
reduction in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the lake's bottom waters, poor
recruitment of coldwater fish species, and increased aquatic weeds;
. monitoring data for both surface and groundwater is required to effectively quantify
and qualify the sources of pollutants, for surveillance (to assess any new sources
of contamination) and to determine long-term trends;
. decrease in streamflow has been observed; this has an impact on water use and
availability of aquatic habitats;
. areas of groundwater quality vulnerability need to be identified and protected to
ensure clean sources of private and municipal drinking water;
. more information concerning water quantity for both surface and groundwater is
required to ensure adequate protection of baseflow to the tributaries and Lake
Simcoe, and as a source of private and municipal drinking water;
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. aquatic habitats in both Lake Simcoe and its tributaries are being degraded, or in
some instances destroyed, by poor water quality, increased water temperature,
hardening of the shoreline, stream channel alterations, in-stream obstructions,
changes in stream hydrology, removal of streambank vegetation, introduction of
exotic species (a major threat to biodiversity), sedimentation and reductions in
baseflow;
. changes in aquatic habitats are influencing the composition, diversity and
abundance of aquatic communities and threatening some species; and
. there is little or no reproduction of Lake Trout, Lake Whitefish and Lake Herring.
Even Rainbow Smelt, a hardy invasive coldwater species, is on the decline. Burbot
is also in serious decline.
7.2.3 Land
The severe change in the watershed landscape over time is believed to have had the most
influence on the health and quality of water and air features and functions. Since European
settlement, the Lake Simcoe watershed, and southern Ontario in general, has experienced
large declines in biodiversity. Southern Ontario was dominated by a treed landscape of
upland forests and swamps that covered 90 percent of its land, with the remainder
consisting of open patches of prairie, savannah, marshes, bogs, fens and lakes. In the
space of 150 years, 68 percent of southern Ontario's wetlands and 94 percent of its
original upland forests were converted to agricultural and urban uses. This loss of habitat
has been accompanied by a loss in species and severe declines in the numbers of all
kinds of plants and animals. The passenger pigeon, once the most abundant bird in
southern Ontario, was wiped out; most of the larger mammals, including the elk, cougar,
wolf and black bear were pushed out of the area (Terborge, 1992). Many other species
have become rare, vulnerable, threatened or endangered.
These are the key issues associated with land which may vary by subwatershed:
. there is a lack of the natural corridors required to maintain the ecological functions
of many areas;
. terrestrial habitats (wetlands and woodlands) are being destroyed and fragmented
by continued urbanization or conversion into farmland;
. many existing habitat remnants (woodlands and wetlands) are too small to support
viable populations;
. invasive exotic species are becoming more widespread as urbanization increases;
. available information is often inadequate to make appropriate land use decisions;
. existence of many rare and endangered species is being threatened;
· use of outdated farming practices;
. impacts of the large industry located in this watershed; and
. policies and regulations meant to protect natural features not defined or identified
under the Provincial Policy Statement have been ineffective in protecting these
features.
7.3
7.2.4 Air
Air is an essential element for all life on Earth - our survival and well-being depend on an
adequate supply of clean air. Both air quality and the deposition of atmospheric
phosphorus are the key issues within the Lake Simcoe watershed. Specific air issues
include the following:
· poor air quality associated with an increase in ground-level ozone (smog);
· yearto year, ozone levels are significantly dependent on meteorological factors and
the long-range transport of ozone and its precursors from the U.S.;
· an increase in local known air pollution sources (automobile use, industry) that are
contributing to ground-level ozone;
· atmospheric deposition of phosphorus, contributes to the decline in water quality
and enrichment of Lake Simcoe; and
· lack of information regarding the identity and location of air pollution sources and
their relative significance within the airshed.
7.3 LSEMS Phase III Commitments
7.3.1 Developing the Lake Simcoe Watershed Plan
This State of the Watershed report recognizes the socio-economic value of the lake, its
health and that of the surrounding watershed particularly those ecological features that are
essential to overall health of this ecosystem. However, there is a need to address issues
identified in this report so that we can build an effective model for land use planning in the
basin that will ensure the health of this provincially significant natural resource. As such,
a basin-wide watershed plan is being developed as part of Phase III of the LSEMS project.
This Lake Simcoe Watershed Plan will build on previous accomplishments to produce a
basin-wide master plan for the protection and rehabilitation of all natural resources. It will
be developed in participation with all Lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
(LSEMS) partners, stakeholders and watershed residents.
Once completed, the resulting recommendations from the watershed plan can then be
used to influence future growth decisions and land use activities to support the goal of
protecting and enhancing the natural resources within the Lake Simcoe watershed. A
range of program options (to support decision making), may be considered, that could
include developing water use guidelines, improving urban and rural water quality, water
conservation strategies, sensitive source area protection planning, aquifer storage and
recovery plans, the development of a wastewater treatment master plan for the entire
basin, supporting land use planning decisions and the development of a natural heritage
system.
7.4
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Based on the importance of this Watershed Plan, it is hoped that the citizens of the
watershed and those responsible for planning and resource management in the watershed
will assist in reversing the downward watershed health trends we are seeing (eg. coldwater
fishery). This involvement can be done by becoming aware of the environmental issues
and supporting the natural resource management projects. Further details of these issues
and the LSEMS activities can be found on the internet site www.lsems.info.
7.3.2 Supporting the Monitoring Program
The most reliable method of gauging ecosystem health remains the collection of real data
through field observation and measurements made within the watershed. This report
benefitted from data obtained through the existing monitoring program to view trends
through time (eg. total phosphorus loading) and highlight environmental issues (eg.
Impacts on coldwater fish species). Monitoring is a useful tool for surveillance, to identify
any new or emerging issues before they become critical and for long-term trend analysis.
Trend analysis is essential when evaluating the effectiveness of remedial measures or
control options, so that the success or failure of implementation activities can be gauged.
There is a substantial amount of data being collected within the monitoring program for the
Lake Simcoe watershed. However, several areas were identified in the report where more
information would be helpful, particularly for the development of the Lake Simcoe
Watershed Plan. These, include:
. certain aspects of the water quality data, (including but not limited to information on
bacteria, nutrients, metals, phenols, suspended sediments, turbidity, pH level and
temperature );
· some specific water quantity data (flow information);
. atmospheric and meteorological data (specifically, rainfall quantity and quality, air
temperature, wind speed and direction, snow pack and melt);
. data pertaining to fish and other aquatic organisms (macro invertebrates, algae);
and
. information on changing land use practices throughout the basin, watercourse
information on the west side of the lake and further wetland evaluations should be
completed.
In conjunction with the watershed monitoring program, the development of a set of
performance measures and of ecosystem health indicators that can be used to measure
changes to the health of the watershed, and report information to the public, is
recommended.
7.5
7.6
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7.3.3 Public Awareness and Involvement
We are aware that watershed residents want to know more about the health and quality
of Lake Simcoe. This report and future monitoring will assist in providing this information
to the public. In addition, the LSEMS Phase III project includes the need to:
· report on the health of the Lake Simcoe watershed to the public;
· increase public awareness and understanding of the environmental issues
impacting the Lake Simcoe watershed; and
· build support for actions that should be taken to minimize these environmental
impacts.
The first step is to release this "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed" Report and provide
an environment for full discussions that may flow from it. This report provides a chance to
reflect on where we are in terms of our watershed ecosystem and, move on from there, to
discuss where we should be to achieve the worthwhile resource management goals for the
Lake Simcoe watershed.
7.4 This "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed" Report
In summary, this report is the first step in the development of an overall Lake Simcoe
Watershed Plan which will identify opportunities for protection and rehabilitation of the
watershed's ecosystem and minimize negative impacts from human use within the
watershed. The production ofthis report has been a valuable exercise for all of the LSEMS
partners involved. The process required the collating of our collective knowledge base to
develop this "benchmark" for further watershed thinking. It is expected that through the
development of the basin-wide watershed plan for Lake Simcoe a much more
comprehensive set of activities and future considerations will be identified.
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GLOSS~R'<
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Aggregate: Sand, gravel, limestone, marble, clay, shale, sandstone, dolostone, granite,
rock and other prescribed materials; the major raw material used in the road
building and constructions industries.
Algae: Small floating plants distributed throughout lakes or ponds as deep as light
penetrates.
Aquifer: A geological formation that transmits water, usually through saturated sand,
gravel and cavernous rock.
Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI): An area of land or water containing
landscapes or features that have been identified by the Ontario Ministry of
Natural Resources as having life science or earth science value related to
species protection, scientific study or education.
Baseflow: The year-round discharge of groundwater into a stream.
Best Management Practices: Practical solutions used to deal with soil and water
conservation concerns, including techniques used to manage agricultural and
urban runoff and modify agriculture waste management.
Centroid: a point placed at the "center" of an object used to simplify and abstract
geographic data in the form of areas and lines into a much simpler form of
points.
Development: The creation of a new lot, a change in land use, or the construction of
buildings or other structures.
Dike: An area of land excavated to form a drainage ditch.
Discharge Zone: An area where groundwater comes to the surface in streams, rivers
and wetlands.
Ecosystem: An interactive community of animals, plants and microorganisms and the
physical and chemical environment in which they live.
Endangered Species: Any native species that, on the basis of the best available
scientific evidence, is at risk of extinction or extirpation throughout all or a
significant portion of its Ontario range if the limiting factors are not reversed.
Regulated species are protected under Ontario's Endangered Species Act.
Environmentally Significant Area: A natural area identified by a municipality or
conservation authority as fulfilling certain criteria for ecological significance or
sensitivity.
Erosion: The wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice or other
natural agents.
Kame: A conical hill or short irregular ridge of gravel or sand deposited in contact with
glacier ice.
Karst Topography: An area of land created by limestone; characterized by lack or near
lack of surface drainage, surface hollows or depressions and having a
subterranean drainage system.
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Esker: A long, narrow ridge of gravel, sand and wateworn stones deposited in a river
valley by a stream flowing under a former glacier or ice sheet.
Eutrophication: The process by which dissolved nutrients (such as phosphorus or
nitrogen) fertilize a water body, increasing its productivity, often to undesirable
levels at which the dissolved oxygen level is depleted.
Evapotranspiration: The process by which water vapour enters the atmosphere
through evaporation from the land and by escaping from living plants
(transpiration ).
Exotic Species: Any plant or animal that is introduced (usually by humans) to an area
where it does not typically grow or live.
Floodplain: An area of land adjacent to a stream or river, where at times of flooding the
water will flow.
Ground Truthing: verification of mapped environmental conditions via field
reconnaissance of the area in question.
Groundwater: Water that has infiltrated below the Earth's surface and moves in
response to gravity, but can be restricted by impermeable rock or clay layers.
Habitat: The place where an animal or plant lives; its living or non-living surroundings.
Hydrogeology: The study of the presence, movement and chemistry of water beneath
the surface of the earth and the factors that influence this water, including
interactions with surface water.
Hydrological Cycle: The circulation of water from the atmosphere to the Earth and
back to the atmosphere through precipitation, runoff, infiltration, transpiration and
evaporation.
Infiltration: The movement of water from the land surface into the soil and the water
table.
Infrastructure: Physical structures that form the foundation for development, including
sewage and water works, waste management systems, electrical power,
communications, transit and transportation corridors and facilities, and oil and
gas pipelines and associated facilities.
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Moraine: Accumulation of material, including angular blocks of rocks and clay, that was
deposited by glaciers or sheets of ice.
Non-Point Source Pollution: Pollution whose source cannot be linked to a specific
location.
Point Source Pollution: Pollution from a single source, such as an industrial
smokestack.
Recharge Zone: An area where the soil conditions allow rain and melted snow to seep
into the ground to replenish the groundwater system.
Recruitment Failure: the failure to add individuals (by sexual reproduction) of a
species to an existing population of that species.
Rehabilitation: The process of restoring, recreating or repairing a damaged area to a
healthy dynamic state.
Retrofit: Works undertaken to improve a facility or bring it up to current standards.
Riparian: Relating to, living on or located on the bank of a watercourse or a body of
water.
Runoff: The portion of rainfall, melted snow or irrigation water that flows across the
surface or through underground zones and eventually runs into streams.
Stressor: A stimulus that causes stress.
Threatened Species: Any native species that is at risk of becoming endangered
through all or a portion of its Ontario range if conditions are not changed.
Vulnerable Species: Any indigenous species that is represented in Ontario by small
but relatively stable populations, and/or that occurs sporadically, or in a very
restricted area or at the edge of its range as defined by the Ministry of Natural
Resources Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO).
Watershed: The land area that drains into a given body of water.
Wetland: Lands that are seasonally or permanently flooded by shallow water, as well
as lands where the water table is close to the surface (e.g., swamps, marshes,
bogs and fens).
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REfERENCES
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Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. March 1993, Revised May 1994.
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Peat, Geoffrey and Mike Walters. 1994. Lake Simcoe Tributary Monitoring Data
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Kettle. Federation of Ontario Naturalists.
Riley, J.L. 1989. Distribution and Status of the Vascular Plants of Central Region.
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Riley, J.L. & P. Mohr. 1994. The Natural Heritage of Southern Ontario's Settled
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Features of the Oak Ridges Moraine.
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Zajc. 2000. Distribution and Status of the Vascular Plants of the Greater Toronto
Area. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Aurora District. 103 pp.
Varga, S. 1998. Plant checklists and field notes for the following wetland complexes:
Georgina Island, Hall Lake - Kennifick, Snowball, Holland Landing, Mount Albert,
Musselman Lake, North Goodwood, Thorah Island, Upper Uxbridge Brook, and,
Uxbridge Bog (lists on file at the OMNR Aurora District office).
Varga, S. 1997-2000. Plant checklists and field notes for the following Areas of Natural
and Scientific Interest (ANSls): Allandale Lake Algonquin Bluffs, Derryville Bog,
Duclos Point Park Reserve, Glenville Hills, Happy Valley Forest, Holland Landing
Praire Relict, Holland River Marsh, Musselman Lake Kettles, Pefferlaw-Uxbridge
Headwaters, Pottageville Swamp, Uttica Bog, Uxbridge Pine-Maple, Vivian Bog,
and, Zephyr Creek Swamp (lists on file at the OMNR Aurora District office).
Varga, S. 1999-2000. Plant checklists and field notes on natural areas in the Durham
Region portion of LSEMS (lists on file at the OMNR Aurora District office).
Varga, S. 2002. Plant checklists and field notes on natural areas in the Kawartha Lakes
portion of LSEMS (lists on file at the OMNR Aurora District office).
Varga, S. Plant checklists and field notes on natural areas in the York Region portion of
LSEMS (lists on file at the OMNR Aurora District office).
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I Appendix 4.1 Fish Species Found in lake Simcoe
l List of fish species found in Lake Simcoe, including their origin, present abundance and
abundance trends as of 2003.
t Code Common name Scientific name Origin Abundance Trend
031 lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens native extirpated N/A
I 051 bowfin Amia calva native common stable
076 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus exotic extremely rare N/A
mykiss
I 080 brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis native extremely rare N/A
081 lake trout Salvelinus native rare decreased
namaycush
I hatchery abundant increased
091 lake whitefish* Coregonus native common decreasing
clupeaformis
I hatchery abundant increasing
093 lake herring Coregonus artedi native rare decreased
121 rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax exotic common decreased
I 131 northern pike Esox lucius unknown common stable
132 muskellunge Esox masquinongy native extremely rare decreased
141 central Umbra limi native rare unknown
I mudminnow
163 white sucker Catostomus native common stable
commersoni
I 182 northern Phoxinus eos native rare unknown
red belly dace
183 finescale dace Phoxinus neogaeus native rare unknown
I 186 common carp Cyprinus carpio exotic common stable
189 brassy minnow Hybognathus native common unknown
hankinsoni
I 194 golden shiner Notemigonus native common unknown
chrysoleucas
I 196 emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides native abundant unknown
198 common shiner Luxilus comutus native common unknown
199 blackchin Notropis heterodon native common unknown
I shiner
200 blacknose Notropis heterolepis native common unknown
shiner
I 201 spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius native abundant unknown
203 spotfin shiner Cyprinella spiloptera native common unknown
204 sand shiner Notropis stramineus native abundant unknown
I 208 bluntnose Pimephales notatus native abundant unknown
minnow
209 fathead Pimephales native common unknown
I minnow promelas
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210 blacknose Rhinichthys atratulus native rare unknown I
dace
211 long nose dace Rhinichthys native common unknown I
cataractae
212 creek chub Semotilus native common unknown
atromaculatus I
233 brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus native abundant stable
234 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus native rare stable
261 banded killifish Fundulus diaphanus native common unknown I
271 burbot Lota Iota native rare/common decreasing
281 brook Culaea inconstans native common unknown
stickleback I
291 trout perch Percopsis native common stable
omiscomaycus I
311 rock bass Ambloplites rupestris native abundant stable
313 pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus native abundant stable
314 bluegill Lepomis macrochirus exotic rare recently I
introduced
316 small mouth Micropterus dolomieu native abundant stable
bass I
317 largemouth Micropterus native common stable
bass salmoides
319 black crappie Pomoxis exotic abundant stable I
nigromaculatus
331 yellow perch Perca fIavescens native abundant stable
334 walleye Stizostedion vitreum native rare/common decreased I
vitreum
hatchery unknown unknown
338 Iowa darter Etheostoma exile native common unknown I
341 Johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum native common unknown
342 logperch Percina caprodes native common unknown
381 mottled sculpin Cottus bairdi native common unknown I
382 slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus native common increased
383 spoon head Cottus ricei native common increased
sculpin I
. Listed as threatened by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
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Appendix 5.1 Wildlife Species of the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Birds of the Lake Simcoe Watershed
ACCIPITRIDAE
Accipiter cooperii"
Accipiter gentiJis*
Accipiter striatus*
Buteo lineatus*
Buteo jamaicensis*
Buteo lagopus
Buteo platypterus*
Circus cyaneus*
ALAUDIDAE
Eremophila alpestris*
ALCEDINIDAE
Ceryle alcyon*
ANA TIDAE
Aix sponsa*
Branta canadensis*
Anas acuta
Anas americana
Anas crecca*
Anas discors*
Anas clypeata
Anas platyrhynchos*
Anas rubripes*
Anas strepera
Aythya affinis*
Aythya col/aris
Lophodytes cucuJlatus
Mergus merganser*
Oxyura jamaicensis
APODIDAE
Chaetura pelagica*
ARDEIDAE
Aredea herodias*
Botaurus lentiginosus*
Butorides striatus
Ixobrychus exilis*
HAWKS, EAGLES, KITES, HARRIERS
Cooper's Hawk
Northern Goshawk
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Red-shouldered Hawk
Red-tailed Hawk
Rough-legged Hawk
Broad-winged Hawk
Northern Harrier
LARKS
Horned Lark
KINGFISHERS
Belted Kingfisher
SWANS,GEESE,DUCKS
Wood Duck
Canada Goose
Northern Pintail
American Wigeon
Green-winged Teal
Blue-winged Teal
Northern Shoveler
Mallard
American Black Duck
Gadwall
Lesser Scaup
Ring-necked Duck
Hooded Merganser
Common Merganser
Ruddy Duck
SWIFTS
Chimney Swift
HERONS, BITTERNS
Great Blue Heron
American Bittern
Green-backed Heron
Least Bittern
CERTHIIDAE
Certhia americana*
CREEPERS
Brown Creeper
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BOMBYCILLlDAE
Bombycilla cedrorum*
WAXWINGS
Cedar Waxwing
CAPRIMULGIDAE
Caprimulgus vociferus*
Chordeiles minor
NIGHT JARS
Whip-poor-will
Common Nighthawk
CATHARTIDAENEW WORLD VULTURES
Cathartes aura* Turkey Vulture
CHARADRIIDAE
Charadrius vociferus*
PLOVERS
Killdeer
COLUMBIDAE PIGEONS, DOVES
Columba livia*
Zenaida macroura*
Rock Dove
Mourning Dove
CORVIDAE
Corvus brachyrhynchos*
Corvus corax*
Cyanocitta cristata*
Perisoreuscanadens~
CROWS, JAYS, MAGPIES
American Crow
Common Raven
Blue Jay
Gray Jay
CUCULlDAE
Coccyzus american us
Coccyzus erythropthalmus*
CUCKOOS
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Black-billed Cuckoo
FALCONIDAE
Falco sparverius*
FALCONS,CARACARAS
American Kestrel
FRINGILLlDAE
GROSBEAKS, BUNTINGS, FINCHES,
SPARROWS
Henslow's Sparrow
Grasshopper Sparrow
Northern Cardinal
Pine Siskin
American Goldfinch
House Finch
Purple Finch
Evening Grosbeak
Dark-eyed Junco
Red Crossbill
Swamp Sparrow
Lincoln's Sparrow
Ammodramus henslowii
Ammodramus savannarum*
Cardinalis cardinalis*
Carduelis pinus
Carduelis tristis*
Carpodacus mexicanus*
Carpodacus purpureus*
Coccothraustes vespertinus
Junco hyemalis
Loxia curvirostra
Melospiza georgiana*
Melospiza lincolnii
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I Melospiza melodia* Song Sparrow
Passer domesticus* House Sparrow
Passerculus sandwichensis* Savannah Sparrow
I Passerina cyanea* Indigo Bunting
Pheucticus ludovicianus* Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Pipilo erythrophthalmus* Rufous-sided Towhee
I Pooecetes gramineus* Vesper Sparrow
Spizella pallida* Clay-colored Sparrow
Spizella passerina* Chipping Sparrow
I Spizella pusilla* Field Sparrow
Zonotrichia albicollis* White-throated Sparrow
I GA VIIDAE LOONS
Gavia immer Common Loon
I HIRUNDINIDAE SWALLOWS
Hirundo pyrrhonota* Cliff Swallow
Hirundo rustica* Barn Swallow
I progne subis* Purple Martin
Riparia riparia* Bank Swallow
Stelgidopteryx serripennis* Northern Rough-winged Swallow
I Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow
ICTERIDAE BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES
I Agelaius phoeniceus* Red-winged Blackbird
Dolichonyx oryzivorus* Bobolink
Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer's Blackbird
Icterus galbula* Northern Oriole
I Icterus spurius Orchard Oriole
Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird
Quiscalus quiscula* Common Grackle
I Sturnella magna* Eastern Meadowlark
Sturnella neglecta Western Meadowlark
I LANIIDAE SHRIKES
Lanius ludovicianus* Loggerhead Shrike
I LARIDAE GULLS, TERNS
Chlidonias niger Black Tern
Larus argentatus* Herring Gull
I Larus delawarensis* Ring-billed Gull
Sterna caspia* Caspian Tern
Sterna forsteri* Forster's Tern
I Sterna hirundo Common Tern
MELEAGRIDIDAE TURKEYS
I Meleagris gallopavo* Wild Turkey
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PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax auritus*
CORMORANTS
Double-crested Cormorant
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MIMIDAE
Dumetella carolinensis*
Mimus polyglottos*
Toxostoma rufum*
MOCKINGBIRDS, THRASHERS
Gray Catbird
Northern Mockingbird
Brown Thrasher
MOT ACILLlDAE
Anthus spinoletta
PIPITS
Water Pipit
PANDIONIDAE
Pandion haliaetus*
OSPREYS
Osprey
PARIDAE
Parus atricapillus*
Parus bicolor
TITMICE, VERDINS
Black-capped Chickadee
Tufted Titmouse
PARULlDAE
Dendroica caerulescens*
Dendroica cerulea
Dendroica coronata*
Dendroica discolor
Dendroica fusca*
Dendroica magnolia*
Dendroica pensylvanica*
Dendroica petechia*
Dendroica pinus*
Dendroica virens*
Geothlypis trichas*
Mniotilta varia*
Oporornis phi/adelphia*
Parula americana
Seiurus aurocapillus*
Seiurus noveboracensis*
Setophaga ruticilla*
Vermivora chrysoptera*
Vermivora pinus*
Vermivora ruficapilla*
Wi/sonia canadensis*
WOOD WARBLERS
Black-throated Blue Warbler
Cerulean Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Prairie Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Magnolia Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Yellow Warbler
Pine Warbler
Black-throated Green Warbler
Common Yellowthroat
Black-and-white Warbler
Mourning Warbler
Northern Parula
Ovenbird
Northern Waterthrush
American Redstart
Golden-winged Warbler
Blue-winged Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Canada Warbler
PHASIANIDAE
Perdix perdix*
Phasianus colchicus
QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, PHEASANTS
Gray Partridge
Ring-necked Pheasant
I PICIDAE WOODPECKERS
Colaptes auratus* Northern Flicker
I Dryocopus pileatus* Pileated Woodpecker
Melanerpes erythrocephalus* Red-headed Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens* Downy Woodpecker
I Picoides villosus* Hairy Woodpecker
Sphyrapicus varius* Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
I PODICIPEDIDAE GREBES
Podilymbus podiceps* Pied-billed Grebe
I RALLlDAE RAILS, GALLINULES, COOTS
Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow Rail
Fulica americana* America Coot
I Gallinula chloropus* Common Moorhen
Porzana carolina* Sora
Rallus elegans King Rail
I Rallus limicola* Virginia Rail
SCOLOPACIDAE SANDPIPERS
I Actitis macularia* Spotted Sandpiper
Bartramia longicauda* Upland Sandpiper
Capella gallinago* Common Snipe
Phi/ohela minor American Woodcock
I Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope
SITTIDAE NUTHATCHES
I Sitta canadensis* Red-breasted Nuthatch
Sitta carolinensis* White-breasted Nuthatch
I STRIGIDAE TRUE OWLS
Aegolius acadicus Northern Saw-whet Owl
Asio fIammeus* Short-eared Owl
I Asio otus Long-eared Owl
Bubo virginianus* Great Horned Owl
Otus asio* Eastern Screech-owl
I Strix varia Barred Owl
STURNIDAE STARLINGS
I Sturn us vulgaris* European Starling
SYLVIIDAE KINGLETS, GNATCATCHERS
I Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
Regulus calendula* Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Regulus satrapa* Golden-crowned Kinglet
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TETRAONIDAEGROUSE
Bonasa umbeJ/us*
THRAUPIDAE
Piranga olivacea*
TROCHILlDAE HUMMINGBIRDS
Archilochus colubris*
TROGLODYTIDAE
Cistothorus palustris*
Cistothorus platensis*
Thryothorus ludovicianus
Troglodytes aedon*
Troglodytes troglodytes*
TURDIDAE
Catharus fuscescens*
Catharus guttatus*
Catharus ustulatus
Hylocichla mustelina*
Sialia sialis*
Turdus migratorius*
TYRANNIDAE
Contopus borealis
Contopus virens*
Empidonax alnorum*
Empidonax flaviventris
Empidonax minimus*
Empidonax traillil*
Myiarchus crinitus*
Sayornis phoebe*
Tyrannus tyrannus*
VIREONIDAE
Vireo flavifrons
Vireo gilvus*
Vireo olivaceus*
Vireo philadelphicus
Vireo solitarius
* Nesting
Ruffed Grouse
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TANAGERS
Scarlet Tanager
Ruby-throated Hummingbird
WRENS
Marsh Wren
Sedge Wren
Carolina Wren
House Wren
Winter Wren
THRUSHES
Veery
Hermit Thrush
Swainson's Thrush
Wood Thrush
Eastern Bluebird
American Robin
TYRANTFLYCATHERS
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Eastern Wood-pewee
Alder Flycatcher
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
Least Flycatcher
Willow Flycatcher
Great Crested Flycatcher
Eastern Phoebe
Eastern Kingbird
VIREOS
Yellow-throated Vireo
Warbling Vireo
Red-eyed Vireo
Philadelphia Vireo
Solitary Vireo
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Butterflies of the lake Simcoe Watershed
PAPILlONIDAE
Papilio canadensis
Papilio cresphontes
Papilio glaucus
Papilio pOlyxenes
SWALLOWTAILS
Canadian Tiger Swallowtail
Giant Swallowtail
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail
Black Swallowtail
PIERIDAE
Artogeia rapae
Colias eurytheme
Colias interior
Colias philodice
Euchloe olympia
Eurema /isa
Pier is oleracea
Pieris rapae
Pieris virginiensis
Pontia protodice
Zerene cesonia
WHITES & SULPHURS
European Cabbage White
Orange Sulphur
Pink-edged Sulphur
Clouded Sulphur
Olympia Marble
Little Yellow
Mustard White
Cabbage White
West Virginia White (MNR vulnerable)
Checkered White
Southern Dogface
L YCAENIDAE
Callophrys augustinus
Callophrys henrici
Cal/ophrys niphon
Cal/ophrys polia
Celastrina ladon
Celastrina neglecta
Celastrina sp.
Erora laeta
Everes comyntas
Feniseca tarquinius
G/aucopsyche Iygdamus
Lycaena epixanthe
Lycaena hyl/us
Lycaena phlaeas
Satyrium acadicum
Satyrium ca/anus
Satyrium caryaevorum
Satyrium edwardsii
Satyrium liparops
Satyrium titus
Strymon me/inus
GOSSAMER WINGS
Brown Elfin
Henry's Elfin
Eastern Pine Elfin
Hoary Elfin
Spring Azure
Summer Azure
Cherry Gall Azure
Early Hairstreak
Eastern Tailed Blue
Harvester
Silvery Blue
Bog Copper
Bronze Copper
American Copper
Acadian Hairstreak
Banded Hairstreak
Hickory Hairstreak
Edwards' Hairstreak
Striped Hairstreak
Coral Hairstreak
Grey Hairstreak
HESPERIIDAE
Epargyreus clarus
Thorybes pylades
Erynnis ice/us
Erynnis brizo
SKIPPERS
Silver-spotted Skipper
Northern Cloudywing
Dreamy Duskywing
Sleepy Duskywing
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NYMPHALlDAE
Asterocampa celtis
Boloria bel/on a
Boloria selene
Ch/osyne harrisii
Ch/osyne nycteis
Euphydryas phaeton
Euptoieta claudia
Junonia coenia
Limenitis archippus
Limenitis arthemis arthemis
Limenitis arthemis astyanax
Nymphalis antiopa
Nymphalis milberti
Nymphalis vau-album
Phyciodes batesii
Phyciodes cocyta
Phyciodes tharos
Polygonia comma
Po/ygonia faunus
Po/ygonia gracilis
Polygonia interrogationis
Polygonia progne
Polygonia satyrus
Speyeria aphrodite
Speyeria at/antis
Speyeria cybele
Vanessa ata/anta
Vanessa cardui
Vanessa virginiensis
BRUSH-FOOTED
Hackberry Emperor
Meadow Fritillary
Silver-bordered Fritillary
Harris's Checkerspot
Silvery Checkerspot
Baltimore Checkerspot
Variegated Fritillary
Common Buckeye
Viceroy
White Admiral
Red-spotted Purple
Mourning Cloak
Milbert's Tortoiseshell
Compton Tortoiseshell
Tawny Crescent
Northern Crescent
Pearl Crescent
Eastern Comma
Green Comma
Hoary Comma
Question Mark
Gray Comma
Satyr Comma
Aphrodite Fritillary
Atlantis Fritillary
Great Spangled Fritillary
Red Admiral
Painted Lady
American Lady
SATYRINAE
Cercyonis pegala
Coenonympha tullia
Enodia anthedon
Megisto cymela
Oeneis chryxus
Satyrodes appalachia
Satyrodes eurydice
SATYRS, WOOD NYMPHS
Common Wood-Nymph
Common Ringlet
Northern Pearly-Eye
Little Wood-Satyr
Chryxus Arctic
Appalachian Brown
Eyed Brown
DANAINAE
Danaus plexippus
MILKWEED BUTTERFLIES
Monarch (COSEWIC special concern)
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Erynnis juvenalis
Erynnis lucilius
Carterocephalus pa/aemon
Ancyloxypha numitor
Thymelicus lineola
Hesperia leonardus
Hesperia sassacus
Polites peckius
Polites themistocles
Polites origines
Polites mystic
Wallengrenia egeremet
Anatrytone logan
Poanes massasoit
Poanes hobomok
Poanes viator
Euphyes dion
Euphyes bimacula
Euphyes vestris
Amblyscirtes hegon
Amblyscirtes vialis
Juvenal's Duskywing
Columbine Duskywing
Arctic Skipper
Least Skipper
European Skipper
Leonard's Skipper
Indian Skipper
Peck's Skipper
Tawny-edged Skipper
Crossline Skipper
Long Dash Skipper
Northern Broken-Dash
Delaware Skipper
Mulberry Wing
Hobomok Skipper female form pocahontas
Broad-winged Skipper
Dion Skipper
Two-spotted Skipper
Dun Skipper
Pepper and Salt Skipper
Common Roadside Skipper
Fish of the Lake Simcoe Watershed
These fish records area compilation of data from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources'
Fish Collection Records. Whenever fish are sampled/collected, a permit is required and a
record must be submitted with a list of all fish caught. Some of these records may be historic
and there is the possibility of mis-identification of fish species.
AMIIFORMES
AMIIDAE
Amia calva
THE BOWFIN
BOWFIN
Bowfin
PETROMYZONTIFORMES
PETROMYZONTIDAE
Lampetra lamottei
LAMPREYS
LAMPREY
American Brook Lamprey*
CYPRINIFORMES
CYPRINIDAE
Carassius auratus
Chrosomus eos
Chrosomus neogaeus
Clinostomus elongatus
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Cyprinus carpio
Hybognathus hankinsoni
Hybognathus regius
MINNOWS OR CARPS
MINNOWS OR CARPS
Goldfish
Northern Redbelly Dace
Finescale Dace
Redside Dace**
Grass Carp***
Carp
Brassy Minnow
Eastern Silvery Minnow
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Nocomis biguttatus Hornyhead Chub I
Notemigonus cryso/eucas Golden Shiner
Notropis atherinoides Emerald Shiner
Notropis cornutus Common Shiner I
Notropis heterodon Blackchin Shinert
Notropis hetero/epis Blacknose Shiner
Notropis hudsonius Spottail shiner I
Notropis rubel/us Rosyface Shiner
Notropis spilopterus Spotfin Shiner
Notropis stramineus Sand Shinertt I
Notropis vo/ucellus Mimic Shiner**
Pimepha/es notatus Bluntnose Minnow
Pimepha/es prome/as Fathead Minnow I
Rhinichthys atratulus Blacknose Dace
Rhinichthys cataractae Longnose Dace
Semotilus atromacu/atus Creek Chub
Semotilus margarita Pearl Dace I
CATOSTOMIDAE SUCKER
Catostomus commersoni White Sucker I
Hypente/ium nigricans Northern Hog Suckerttt
ICTALURIDAE CATFISH I
/cta/urus natalis Yellow Bullhead
/cta/urus nebu/osus Brown Bullhead
ESOCIDAE PIKE I
Esox /ucius Northern Pike
Esox masquinongy Muskellunge I
UMBRIDAE MUDMINNOW
Umbra Limi Central Mudminnow
OSMERIDAE SMEL T I
Osmerus mordax Rainbow Smelt
SALMONIDAE SALMON I
COREGONINAE WHITEFISHES
Coregonus c/upeaformis Lake Whitefish I
SALMONINAE SALMON,TROUT,CHAR
Sa/mo gairdneri Rainbow Trout I
Sa/mo trutta Brown Trout
Sa/ve/inus fontinalis Brook Trout
Sa/velinus namaycush Lake Trout I
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GASTEROSTEIFORMES
GASTEROSTEIDAE
Culaea inconstans
STICKLEBACKS & RELATIVES
STICKLEBACK
Brook Stickleback
COTTIDAE
Cottus bairdi
Cottus cognatus
SCULPIN
Mottled Sculpin
Slimy Sculpin +
PERCIFORMES
CENTRARCHIDAE
Ambloplites rupestris
Lepomis gibbosus
Lepomis macrochirus
Micropterus dolomieui
Micropterus salmoides
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
PERCH-LIKE FISHES
SUNFISH
Rock Bass
Pumpkinseed
Bluegill
Small mouth Bass
largemouth Bass
Black Crappie ++
PERCIDAE
Etheostoma caeruleum
Etheostoma exile
Etheostoma nigrum
Perca flavescens
Percina caprodes
Percina maculata
Stizostedion vitreum
PERCH
Rainbow Darter
Iowa Darter
Johnny Darter
Yellow Perch
log perch
Blackside Darter+++
Walleye
CYPRINODONTIFORMES
CYPRINODONTIDAE
Fundulus diaphanus
KILLlFISHES
KilLIFISH
Banded Killifish
* Only found in the Black River
** Only found in the Holland River
*** Only found in Whites Creek
t Only found in the Black River, Talbot River North and Oro Creeks North
tt Only found in the Holland River, Barrie Creeks and Innisfil Creeks
ttt Only found in Pefferlaw Brook
Only found in Uxbridge Brook
Only found in Hawkestone Creek
+ Only found in Pefferlaw Brook and Uxbridge Brook
++ Only found in the Maskinonge and Holland River
+++ Only found in the Black River, Talbot River and Whites Creek
SQUAMATA
LIZARDS AND SNAKES
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Amphibians and Reptiles of the Lake Simcoe Watershed
AMPHIBIA
CAUDATA
PROTEIDA
Necturus maculosus
AMPHIBIANS
SALMANDERS AND NEWTS
MUDPUPPIES, W A TERDOGS
Mudpuppy
SALAMANDRIDAE
Notophthalmus virdescens viridescens
NEWTS
Red-spotted Newt
AMBYSTOMA TIDAE
Ambystoma jeffersonianum
Ambystoma laterale
Ambystoma maculatum
MOLE SALAMANDERS
Jefferson Salamander
Blue-spotted Salamander
Spotted Salamander
PLETHODONTIDAE
Plethodon cinereus
LUNG LESS SALAMANDER
Northern Redback Salamander
ANURA
BUFONIDAE
Bufo americanus american us
FROGS AND TOADS
TRUE TOADS
Eastern American Toad
HYLlDAE
Hyla versicolor
Pseudacris crucifer crucifer
Pseudacris triseriata
TREE FROGS
Gray Treefrog
Northern Spring Peeper
Western Chorus Frog
RANIDAE
Rana catesbeiana
Rana clamitans melanota
Rana palustris
Rana pipiens
Rana septentrionalis
Rana sylvatica
TRUE FROGS
Bullfrog
Green Frog
Pickerel Frog
Northern Leopard Frog
Mink Frog
Wood Frog
REPTILIA
TESTUDINES
CHEL YDRIDAE
Chelydra serpentina serpentina
REPTILES
TURTLES
SNAPPING TURTLES
Common Snapping Turtle
EMYDIDAE
Chrysemys picta marginata
Clemmys insculpta
Emydoidea blandingii
Graptemys geographica
Trachemys scripta elegan
FRESH-WATER TURTLES
Midland Painted Turtle
Wood Turtle
Blanding's Turtle
Common Map Turtle
Red-eared Slider
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SERPENTES
COLUBRIDAE
Heterodon p/atirhinos
Lamprope/tris triangu/um triangu/um
Lioch/orophis verna/is
Nerodia sipedon sipedon
Storeria dekayi
Storeria occipitomacu/ata occipitomaculata
Thamnophis sauritus septentrionalis
Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis
CROTALlNAE
Sistrurus catenatus catenatus
SNAKES
HARMLESS SNAKES
Eastern Hognose Snake
Eastern Milk Snake
Smooth Green Snake
Northern Water Snake
Brown Snake
Northern Redbelly Snake
Northern Ribbon Snake
Eastern Garter Snake
PIT VIPERS
Eastern Massasauga
Mammals of the Lake Simcoe Watershed
MAMMALIA
MARSUPIALlA
DIDELPHIMORPHIA
Dide/phis virginiana
INSECTIVORA
SORICIDAE
B/arina brevicauda
Sorex cinereus
Sorex fumeus
Sorex hoyi
TALPIDAE
Condy/ura cristata
Parasca/ops breweri
CHIROPTERA
VESPERTILlONIDAE
Eptesicus fuscus
Lasionycteris noctivagans
Lasiurus borealis
Lasiurus cinereus
Myotis /eibii
Myotis septentrionalis
LAGOMORPHA
LEPORIDAE
Lepus americanus
Lepus europaeus
Sy/vi/agus fIoridanus
MAMMALS
MARSUPIALS
OPPOSUMS
Virginia Opposum
INSECTIVORES
SHREWS
Northern Short-tailed Shrew
Common Shrew
Smoky Shrew
Pygmy Shrew
MOLES
Star-nosed Mole
Hairy-tailed Mole
BATS
PLAINNOSE BATS
Big Brown Bat
Silver-haired Bat
Eastern Red Bat
Hoary Bat
Little Brown Bat
Northern Long-eared Bat
PIKAS, HARES & RABBITS
HARES & RABBITS
Snowshoe Hare
European Hare
Eastern Cottontail
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RODENTIA RODENTS I
SCIURIDAE SQUIRRELS
G/aucomys sabrinus Northern Flying Squirrel I
G/aucomys volans Southern Flying Squirrel
Marmota monax Woodchuck
Sciurus carolinensis Gray Squirrel I
Sciurus carolinensis Gray Squirrel Black Phase
Sciurus carolinensis Gray Squirrel Gray Phase
Tamias striatus Eastern Chipmunk I
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Red Squirrel
CASTORIDAE BEAVER I
Castor canadensis Beaver
CRICETIDAE MICE, RATS, VOLES I
Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow Vole
Ondatra zibethicus Muskrat
Peromyscus leucopus White-footed Mouse
Peromyscus maniculatus Deer Mouse I
Synaptomys cooperi Southern Bog Lemming
MURIDAE OLD WORLD RATS & MICE I
Mus musculus House Mouse
Rattus norvegicus Norway Rat
ZAPODIDAE JUMPING MICE I
Napaeozapus insignis Woodland Jumping Mouse
Zapus hudsonius Meadow Jumping Mouse I
ERETHIZONTIDAE PORCUPINE
Erethizon dorsatum Porcupine I
CARNIVORA CARNIVORES
CANIDAE WOLVES & FOXES I
Canis latrans Coyote
Canis lupus Grey Wolf
Urocyon cinereoargenteus Grey Fox I
Vulpes vulpes Red Fox
URSIDAE BEARS
Ursus american us Black Bear I
PROCYONIDAE RACCOONS
Procyon lotor Raccoon I
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MUSTElIDAE
Lontra canadensis
Martes pennanti
Mephitis mephitis
Mustela eriminea
Mustela frenata
Mustela vison
FELIDAE
Lynx canadensis
ARTIODACTYLA
CERVIDAE
Alces alces
Odocoileus virginianus
WEASELS
River Otter
Fisher
Striped Skunk
Ermine
Long-tailed Weasel
Mink
CATS
Canada Lynx
CLOVEN-HOOFED MAMMALS
DEER
Moose
White-tailed Deer
Odonata of the lake Simcoe Watershed
ODONATA
ZYGOPTERA
CALOPTERYGIDAE
Calopteryx aequabile (Say, 1839)
Calopteryx maculata (Beauvois, 1805)
LESTIDAE
Lestes disjunctus disjunctus (Selys, 1862)
Lestes dryas (Kirby, 1890)
Lestes rectangularis (Say, 1839)
Lestes unguiculatus (Hagen, 1861)
COENAGRIONIDAE
Argia moesta (Hagen, 1861)
Chromagrion conditum (Selys, 1876)
Enallagma carunculatum (Morse, 1895)
Enallagma ebrium (Hagen, 1861)
Enallagma hageni (Walsh, 1863)
Ischnura verticalis (Say, 1839)
Nehalinnia irene (Hagen, 1861)
ANISOPTERA
AESHNIDAE
Aeshna canadensis (Walker, 1908)
Aeshna clepsydra (Say, 1839)
Aeshna constricta (Say, 1839)
Aeshna eremita (Scudder, 1866)
Aeshna interrupta interrupta (Walker, 1908)
ODONATES
DAMSELFLIES
BROAD-WINGED DAMSELS
River Jewelwing
Ebony Jewelwing
SPREADWINGS
Common Spreadwing
Emerald Spreadwing
Slender Spreadwing
Lyre-tipped Spreadwing
POND DAMSELS
Powdered Dancer
Aurora Damsel
Tule Bluet
Marsh Bluet
Hagen's Bluet
Eastern Forktail
Sedge Sprite
DRAGONFLIES
DARNERS
Canadian Darner
MoUled Darner
Lance-tipped Darner (Eastern Paddletail)
Lake Darner
Variable Darner
Aeshna tuberculifera (Walker, 1908)
Aeshna umbrosa umbrosa (Walker, 1908)
Aeshna verticalis (Hagen, 1861)
Anax junius (Drury, 1770)
Basiaeschnajanata (Say, 1839)
Boyeria vinosa (Say, 1839)
GOMPHIDAE
Gomphus descriptus (Banks, 1896)
Gomphus lividus (Selys, 1854)
Gomphus spicatus (Hagen in Selys, 1854)
CORDULEGASTRIDAE
Cordulegaster maculata (Selys, 1854)
CORDULlIDAE
Dorocordulia libera (Selys, 1871)
Epitheca canis McLachlan, 1886
Epitheca cynosura (Say, 1839)
Epitheca princeps princeps (Hagen, 1861)
Epitheca spinigera (Selys, 1871)
LI BELLULI DAE
Celithemis elisa (Hagen, 1861)
Leucorrhinia frigida Hagen, 1890
Leucorrhinia hudsonica (Selys, 1850)
Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen, 1861)
Leucorrhinia proxima Calvert, 1890
Libellula incesta Hagen, 1861
Libellula julia Uhler, 1857
Libellula luctuosa Burmeister, 1839
Libellula Iydia Drury, 1770
Libellula pulchella Drury, 1773
Libellula quadrimaculata Linnaeus, 1758
Pantala flavescens (Fabricius, 1798)
Sympetrum internum Montgomery, 1943
Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen, 1867)
Sympetrum semicinctum (Say, 1839)
Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen, 1861)
ODONATA
ZYGOPTERA
CALOPTERYGIDAE
Calopteryx aequabile (Say, 1839)
Calopteryx maculata (Beauvois, 1805)
Black-tipped Darner
Shadow Darner (Common Paddletail)
Green-striped Darner
Common Green Darner
Springtime Darner
Fawn Darner
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CLUBTAILS
Harpoon Clubtail
Ashy Clubtail
Dusky Clubtail
SPIKET AILS
Twin-spotted Spiketail
EMERALDS
Racket-tailed Emerald
Beaverpond Baskettail
Common Baskettail
Prince Baskettail
Spiny Baskettail
SKIMMERS
Calico Pennant
Frosted Whiteface
Hudsonian Whiteface
Dot-tailed Whiteface
Red-waisted Whiteface
Slaty Skimmer
Chalk-fronted Skimmer
Widow Skimmer
Common Whitetail
Twelve-spotted Skimmer
Four-spotted Skimmer
Wandering Glider
Cherry-faced Meadowhawk
White-faced Meadowhawk
Band-winged Meadowhawk
Yellow-legged Meadowhawk
ODONATES
DAMSELFLIES
BROAD-WINGED DAMSELS
River Jewelwing
Ebony Jewelwing
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LESTIDAE
Lestes disjunctus disjunctus (Selys, 1862)
Lestes dryas (Kirby, 1890)
Lestes rectangular is (Say, 1839)
Lestes unguiculatus (Hagen, 1861)
COENAGRIONIDAE
Argia moesta (Hagen, 1861)
Chromagrion conditum (Selys, 1876)
Enallagma carunculatum (Morse, 1895)
Enallagma ebrium (Hagen, 1861)
Enallagma hageni (Walsh, 1863)
Ischnura verticalis (Say, 1839)
Nehalinnia irene (Hagen, 1861)
ANISOPTERA
AESHNIDAE
Aeshna canadensis (Walker, 1908)
Aeshna clepsydra (Say, 1839)
Aeshna constricta (Say, 1839)
Aeshna eremita (Scudder, 1866)
Aeshna interrupta interrupta (Walker, 1908)
Aeshna tuberculifera (Walker, 1908)
Aeshna umbrosa umbrosa (Walker, 1908)
Aeshna verticalis (Hagen, 1861)
Anaxjunius (Drury, 1770)
Basiaeschna janata (Say, 1839)
Boyeria vinosa (Say, 1839)
GOMPHIDAE
Gomphus descriptus (Banks, 1896)
Gomphus lividus (Selys, 1854)
Gomphus spicatus (Hagen in Selys, 1854)
CORDULEGASTRIDAE
Cordulegaster maculata (Selys, 1854)
CORDULlIDAE
Dorocordulia libera (Selys, 1871)
Epitheca canis McLachlan, 1886
Epitheca cynosura (Say, 1839)
Epitheca princeps princeps (Hagen, 1861)
Epitheca spinigera (Selys, 1871)
LlBELLULlDAE
Celithemis elisa (Hagen, 1861)
Leucorrhinia frigida Hagen, 1890
Leucorrhinia hudsonica (Selys, 1850)
SPREADWINGS
Common Spreadwing
Emerald Spreadwing
Slender Spreadwing
Lyre-tipped Spreadwing
POND DAMSELS
Powdered Dancer
Aurora Damsel
Tule Bluet
Marsh Bluet
Hagen's Bluet
Eastern Forktail
Sedge Sprite
DRAGONFLIES
DARNERS
Canadian Darner
Mottled Darner
Lance-tipped Darner (Eastern Paddletail)
Lake Darner
Variable Darner
Black-tipped Darner
Shadow Darner (Common Paddletail)
Green-striped Darner
Common Green Darner
Springtime Darner
Fawn Darner
CLUBTAILS
Harpoon Clubtail
Ashy Clubtail
Dusky Clubtail
SPIKET AILS
Twin-spotted Spiketail
EMERALDS
Racket-tailed Emerald
Beaverpond Baskettail
Common Baskettail
Prince Baskettail
Spiny Baskettail
SKIMMERS
Calico Pennant
Frosted Whiteface
Hudsonian Whiteface
Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen, 1861)
Leucorrhinia proxima Calvert, 1890
Libel/ula incesta Hagen, 1861
Libel/ula julia Uhler, 1857
Libel/ula luctuosa Burmeister, 1839
Libel/ula Iydia Drury, 1770
Libel/ula pulchel/a Drury, 1773
Libel/ula quadrimaculata Linnaeus, 1758
Pantala fJavescens (Fabricius, 1798)
Sympetrum internum Montgomery, 1943
Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen, 1867)
Sympetrum semicinctum (Say, 1839)
Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen, 1861)
Dot-tailed Whiteface
Red-waisted Whiteface
Slaty Skimmer
Chalk-fronted Skimmer
Widow Skimmer
Common Whitetail
Twelve-spotted Skimmer
Four-spotted Skimmer
Wandering Glider
Cherry-faced Meadowhawk
White-faced Meadowhawk
Band-winged Meadowhawk
Yellow-legged Meadowhawk
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Mushrooms in the Lake Simcoe Watershed
MYXOMYCOTINA
MYXOMYCETES
CERA TIOMYXALES
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Mull.) Mac.
PHYSARALES
Fuligo septica (L.) Wigg.
Leocarpus fragilis (Dicks.) Rost.
Physarum polycephalum Schw.
LlCEALES
Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fr.
Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch.) Gmel.
TRICHIALES
Arcyria denudata (L.) Wett.
Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) Rost.
Metatrichia vesparium (Batsch.) Nan.-Brem.
STEMONITALES
Stemonitis splendens Rost.
ASCOMYCOTINA (Ascomycetes)
DISCOMYCETES
PEZIZALES
Aleuria aurantia (Fr.) Fuckel
Aleuria rhenana
Gyromitra esculenta Fr.
SLIME MOLDS
Coral Slime
Scrambled-egg Slime
Insect-egg Mass Slime
Many-headed Slime
Wolfs-milk Slime
Red Raspberry Slime
Carnival Candy Slime
Yellow-fuzz Cone Slime
Multigoblet Slime
Chocolate Tube Slime
SAC FUNGI
DISC FUNGI
MORELS & CUP FUNGI
Orange Peel Fungus
see similar Neottiel/a rutilans
Conifer False Morel
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Gyromitra fastigiata Rehm.
Gyromitra infu/a (Schaeff. :Fr.) Quel.
Gyromitra sphaerospora (Peck.) Sacco
He/vella crispa Scop.:Fr.
He/vella elastica Bull.:Fr.
He/vella lacunosa Afz.:Fr.
Macroscyphus macropus Karst.
Morchella elata Fr.
Morchella escu/enta L.:Fr.
Neottiella rutilans (Fr.) Dennis
Otidea /eporina (Bat.:Fr.) Fkl.
Otidea onotica (Pers.) Fuckel
Peziza badia Pers.
Peziza badio-confusa Korf.
Peziza repanda Pers.
Sarcoscypha coccinea (Scop.:Fr.) Lamb.
Scutellinia scutellata (L.:Fr.) Lamb.
Urnu/a craterium (Schw.) Fr.
Verpa bohemica (Kromb.) Schroer.
Thick-stalked False Morel
Saddle-shaped False Morel
Umbrella False Morel
Fluted White Helvella
Smooth-stalked Helvella
Fluted Black Helvella
Long-stalked Gray Cup
Black Morel
Yellow Morel
Stalked Orange Peel
Yellow Rabbit Ears
Yellow-pink Rabbit Ears
Brown Cup
Common Brown Cup
Recurved Cup
Scarlet Cup
Eyelash Cup
Devil's Urn
Wrinkled Thimble-cap
ELAPHOMYCES
E/aphomyces granu/atus Fr.
E/aphomyces muricatus Fr.
DEER TRUFFLES
Common Deer Truffle
Marbled Deer Truffle
HELOTIALES
Ascocoryne sarcoides (Jacq.: F) Gr. & Wil.
Ascotremefla turbinata Seaver
Bisporel/a citrina (Hedw.:Fr.) Korf & Carp.
Bulgaria inquinans Fr.
Chlorociboria aeruginascens Korf & Bat.
Ch/orosp/enium aeruginosum (Nyl.) Kan.
Cudonia circinans (Pers.) Fr.
Cudonia /utea (Peck) Sacco
Encoelia furfuracea (Roth: Pers.) Kar.
Geog/ossum g/abrum Pers.: Fr.
Geog/ossum nigritum Cooke
Leotia atrovirens Pers.: Fr.
Leotia /ubrica (Scop.) Pers.
Leotia viscosa Fr.
Microglossum rufum (Schw.) Underw.
Mitrula elegans (Berk.) Fr.
Neobulgaria pura (Fr.) Petrak
Neo/ecta irregularis (Peck) Korf & Rogers
Spathu/aria velutipes Cooke & Farlow
Spathulariopsis ve/utipes Mass G.
Trichog/ossum hirsutum (Pers.:Fr.) Boud.
Trichog/ossum ve/utipes (Peck) Durand
EARTH TONGUES
Purple Jelly Drops
see Neobulgaria pura
Yellow Fairy Cups
Black Jelly Drops
Blue-green Stain
see Chlorociboria aeruginascens
Brown Cudonia
Yellow Cudonia
Scurfy Alder Cup
Black Earthtongue
Black Earthtongue
Green Jelly Club
Ochre Jelly Club
Green-headed Jelly Club
Orange Earth Tongue
Swamp Beacon
Irregular Earth Tongue
see Spathu/ariopsis ve/utipes
Velvety Fairy Fan
Velvety Earth Tongue
Velvety Earth Tongue
PYRENOMYCETES
FLASK
SPHAERIALES
Cordyceps capitata (Holmsk.:Fr.) Link
Cordyceps militaris (L.: Fr.) Link
Cordyceps ophioglossoides (Ehr.: Fr.) Link
Oaldinia concentrica (Bolt.: Fr.) Ces. & De.
Hypocrea gelatinosa (Tode) Fr.
Hypomyces chrysospermus Tul.
Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schw.) Tul.
Xylaria cornu-damae (Schw.) Berk.
Ustulina deusta (Fr.) Pet.
Xylaria longipes Nits.
Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.: Fr.) Grev.
BASIDIOMYCOTINA (spores on a basidium)
HYMENOMYCETES (basidia one-celled)
AGARICALES
Agaricus abruptibulbus Pk.
Agaricus arvensis Schaeff.: Seer.
Agaricus bitorquis (Quel.) Sacco
Agaricus campestris L.: Fr.
Agaricus haemarrhoidarius Schulz. apud Kal.
Agaricus placomyces Pk.
Agaricus silvicola
Agrocybe acerico/a (Pk.) Singer
Agrocybe pediades (Pers.: Fr.) Fayod
Agrocybe praecox (Pers.: Fr.) Fayod
Alboleptonia sericella (Fr.) Largent & Benedict
Alnicola melinoides (Fr.) Kuh.
Amanita bisporigera Atk.
Amanita brunnescens Atk.
Amanita ceciliae (Berk. & Br.)
Amanita citrina (Schaeff.) Gray
Amanita fIavoconia Atk.
Amanita frostiana (Pk.) Sacco
Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Pers.
Amanita gemmata (Fr.) Gill.
Amanita inaurata Seer.
Amanita muscaria Fr.
Amanita porphyria (Alb. & Schw.: Fr.) Seer.
Amanita rubescens (Pers.: Fr.) Gray
Amanita vaginata (Bull.: Fr.) Vitt.
Amanita virosa (Fr.) Bertillion
Amanitopsis
Armillaria mellea (Vahl.: Fr.) Kar.
Asterophora Iycoperdioides (Bull.: Fr.) Dittm.: Fr.
Asterophora parasitica (Fr.) Sing.
FUNGI
OSTIOLE FLASKS
Headlike Cordyceps
Soldier Grainy Club
Goldenthread Cordyceps
Carbon Balls
Yellow Cushion Hypocrea
Golden Hypomyces
Lobster Mushroom
Carbon Antlers
Carbon Cushion
Narrow Dead Man's Fingers
Dead Man's Fingers
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BASIDIOMYCETES
EXPOSED HYMENIUM FUNGI
GILLED MUSHROOMS
Abruptly-bulbous Agaricus
Horse Mushroom
Spring Agaricus
Meadow Mushroom
Bleeding Agaricus
Flat-topped Agaricus
see Agaricus abrubtibulbus
Maple Agrocybe
Hemispheric Agrocybe
Spring Agrocybe
White Entoloma
Brown Alder Mushroom
Two-spored Destroying Angel
Clet-foot Amanita
Strangulated Amanita
Citron Amanita
Yellow Patches
Frost's Amanita
Tawny Grisette
Gemmed Amanita
see Amanita ceciliae
Fly Agaric
Purple-brown Amanita
The Blusher
Grisette
Destroying Angel
see Amanita
Honey Mushroom
Powder Cap
Parasitic Silky Cap
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Baeospora myosura (F.) Sing.
Baeospora myriadophila (Peck.) Sing.
Camarophyllus borealis (Peck) Sing.
Camarophyllus niveus (Fr.) Sing.
Camarophyllus russocoriaceus (Berk. & Mil) Sing.
Camarophyllus subvio/aceus (Peck) Sing.
Cantharellu/a umbonata (Fr.) Singer
Chroogomphus ruti/us (Fr.) Miller
Chroogomphus vinic%r (Pk.) Miller
C/itocybe adirondackensis (Peck) Sacco
Clitocybe aurantiaca (Fr.) Studer
Clitocybe candida Bers.
Clitocybe c/avipes (Pers.: Fr.) Kum.
C/itocybe cyathoformis Bull.: Fr.
Clitocybe dea/bata (Fr.) Kum.
Clitocybe ectypoides Peck
Clitocybe decora Fr.
Clitocybe di/atata Pers.: Kar.
Clitocybe gibba (Pers.: Fr.) Kum.
Clitocybe gigantea Fr.
Clitocybe hydrogramma (Fr.) Kum.
Clitocybe infundibuliformis (Schaeff.: Fr.) Quel.
Clitocybe lignatilis (Pers.: Fr.) Kast.
Clitocybe multiceps Fr.
Clitocybe nuda Bull.: Fr.
C/itocybe odora (Bull.: Fr.) Kum.
Clitocybe robusta Peck
Clitocybe subconnexa
Clitocybu/a abundans (Peck) Singer
C/itocybu/a familia (Peck) Singer
Clitopi/us abortivus Berk. & Curt.
Clitopilus prunu/us (Scop.:Fr.) Kum.
Collybia acervata (Fr.) Kum.
Collybia a/ka/ivirens Sing.
Collybia butyracea (Bull.:Fr.) Quel.
Collybia cirrhata
Collybia confluens (Pers.:Fr.) Kum.
Collybia cookei (Bres.) Arnold
Collybia dryophila (Bull.:Fr.) Kum.
Collybia familia Peck
Collybia /acunosa (Peck) Sacco
Collybia macu/ata (Alb. & Schw.: Fr.) Quel.
Collybia platyphylla (Fr.) Sing.
Collybia radicata (Fr.) Sing.
Collybia subnuda (Ellis: Peck) Gilliam
Collybia tuberosa (Bull.:Fr.) Kum.
Collybia velutipes
Collybia zanata Peck
Conifer-cone Baeospora
Lavender Baeospora
White Waxy Cap
White Viscid Waxy Cap
Cedar Waxy Cap
Violet-gray Waxy Cap
Grayling
Brown Slimecap
Pine Spike
Adirondack Clitocybe
see Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca
White Clitocybe
Club-footed Clitocybe
see Pseudoclitocybe cyathoformis
Sweating Mushroom
see Pseudoarmillariella ectypoides
see Trich%mopsis decora
Crowded White Clitocybe
Funnel Clitocybe
see Leucopaxillus giganteus
see Clitocybe adirondackensis
see Clitocybe gibba
see Ossicaulis /ignatilis
See Lyophyllum decastes
see Lepista nuda
Anise-scented Clitocybe
Robust Clitocybe
Clustered Clitocybe
Streaked Coincap
Family Collybia
See Ent%ma abortivum
Sweetbread Mushroom
Clustered Collybia
Little Brown Collybia
Buttery Collybia
Fringed Collybia
Tufted Collybia
Cook's Collybia
Oak-loving Collybia
see Clitocybu/a familia
see Cyptotrama asp rata
Spotted Collybia
see Trich%mopsis p/atyphylla
see Xeru/a furfuracea Red., Gin. & Shoe.
Tufted Collybia
Tuberous Collybia
see F/ammu/ina ve/utipes
see Crinipellis zonata
Conocybe lactea (J. Lange) Met.
Conocybe tenera (Schaeff.:Fr.) Kuh.
Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.: Fr.) Fr.
Coprinus comatus (Mull.: Fr.) Gray
Coprinus micaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr.
Coprinus plicatilis (W.Curtis: Fr.) Fr.
Coprinus radians (Desm.) Fr.
Cortinarius alboviolaceus (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.
Cortinarius anomalus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr.
Cortinarius armillatus (Fr.) Fr.
Cortinarius bolaris (Fr.) Fr.
Cortinarius camphoratus Fr.
Cortinarius caninus (Fr.) Fr.
Cortinarius cinnabarinus Fr.
Cortinarius collinitus Fr.
Cortinarius corrugatus Peck
Cortinarius croceifolius Peck
Cortinarius delibutus Fr.
Cortinarius glaucopus (Schaeff.: Fr.) S.F.G.
Cortinarius huronensis Amm. & Smith
Cortinarius incognitus Amm. & Smith
Cortinarius iodes Berk & Curt.
Cortinarius iodeoides Kauff.
Cortinarius liIacinus Peck
Cortinarius paleaceus Fr.
Cortinarius pholideus Fr.
Cortinarius pseudosalor Lange
Cortinarius semisanguineus (Fr.) Gillet
Cortinarius traganus Fr.
Cortinarius vibratilis Fr.
Cortinarius violaceus (Fr.) S.F.Gray
Crepidotus applanatus (Pers.) Kummer
Crepidotus crocophyllus (Berk.) Sacco
Crepidotus herbarum (Peck) Sacco
Crepidotus mollis (Fr.) Staude
Crinipellis campanella (Peck) Singer
Crinipellis stiptaria
Crinipellis zonata (Peck) Pat.
Cyptotrama chrysopeplum (Bert. & Curt.) Singer
Cystoderma amianthinum (Scop.: Fr.) Fayod
Cystoderma cinnabarinum (Secr.) Fayod
Cystoderma granosum (Morg.) Smith & Singer
Cystoderma granulosum (Fr.) Fayod
Dermocybe
Entoloma abortivum (Berk. & Curt.) Donk
Entoloma lividum Fr.
Entoloma murraii (Berk. & Curt.) Sacco
Entoloma salmoneum (Peck) Sacco
White Dunce Cap
Brown Dunce Cap
Alcohol Inky
Shaggy Mane
Mica Cap Inky
Japanese Umbrella Inky
Orange-mat Coprinus
Silvery-violet Cort.
Irregular Cort.
Bracelet Cort.
Collared Cort.
Fetid Cort.
Dog Cort.
Cinnabar Cort.
Slimy-headed Cort.
Corrugated Cort.
Saffron-colored Cort.
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Bulbous Cort.
Huron Cort.
Incognitus Cort.
Spotted Cort.
Spotted Cort.
Silver Violet Cort
Geranium Cort.
Scaled Cort.
Glutinous Cort.
Red-gilled Cort.
Pear Cort.
Bitter Cort.
Violet Cort.
Flat Crep
Scaled Flat Crep
White Crep
Jelly Crep
Cedar Collybia
Nipple-capped Collybia
Zoned-cap Collybia
Golden-scruffy Collybia
Pungent Cystoderma
Cinnamon Cystoderma
Orange Cystoderma
Granulated Cystoderma
see Cortinarius
Aborted Entoloma
Gray Entoloma
Nipple-cap Entoloma
Salmon Unicorn Entoloma
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Entoloma serrulatum (Fr.) Hes.
Entoloma sericellum var. sericellum (Fr.)
Entoloma strictius (Peck) Sacco
Entoloma vernum Lund.
Flammulina velutipes (Fr.) Karsten
Galerina autumnalis (Peck) Smith & Singer
Galerina tibicystis (Ark.) Kuehner
Gerronema chrysophylla (Fr.) Singer
Gerronema ericetorum (Fr.) Singer
Gomphidius glutinosus (Schaeff.: Fr.) Fr.
Gomphus floccosus (Schw.) Singer
Gymnopilus bellulus (Peck) Murr.
Gymnopilus penetrans (Fr.: Fr.) Murr.
Gymnopilus sapineus (Fr.) Maire
Gymnopilus spectabilis (Fr.) A.H. Smith
Hohenbuehelia mastrucatus (Fr.: Fr.) Singer
Hohenbuebelia peta/oides (Bull.: Fr.) Schulz.
Humidicutis marginata (Peck) Singer
Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schw.) Murr.
Hygrocybe coccinea (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer
Hygrocybe conica (Scop.: Fr.) Kummer
Hygrocybe cuspidata (Peck) Murr.
Hygrocybe fIavescens (Kauff.) Singer
Hygrocybe laeta (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer
Hygrocybe marginata
Hygrocybe miniata (Scop.: Fr.) Kummer
Hygrocybe nitida (Ber. & Curt.) Murr.
Hygrocybe psittacina (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer
Hygrocybe turundus (Fr.) Karst.
Hygrocybe unguinosa (Fr.) Karst.
Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (Wulf.: Fr.) Maire
Hygrophoropsis olida (Quel.) Metr.
Hygrophorus agathosmus Fr.
Hygrophorus borealis Peck
Hygrophorus cantharellus (Schw.) Fr.
Hygrophorus coccineus (Schaeff.: Fr.) Fr.
Hygrophorus conicus (Scop.: Fr.) Fr.
Hygrophorus cuspidata Peck
Hygrophorus eburneus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr.
Hygrophorus f/avescens (Kauff.) Smith & Hes.
Hygrophorus flavodiscus Frost in Peck
Hygrophorus fuligineus Frost in Peck
Hygrophorus gliocyclus Fr.
Hygrophorus hypothejus (Fr.) Fr.
Hygrophorus laetus (Fr.) Fr.
Hygrophorus marginatus Peck
Hygrophorus miniatus Scop.: Fr.
Hygrophorus nitidus Berk. & Curt.
Blue-toothed Entoloma
see Alboleptonia sericella
Straight-stalked Entoloma
Early Spring Entoloma
Velvet Foot
Deadly Galerina
Sphagnum-bog Galerina
Golden-gilled Gerronema
see Omphalina ericetorum (Fr.) Lange
Slimy Gomphidius
Scaly Vase Chanterelle
Small Conifer Flamecap
Little Gym
Fir Flamecap
Big Laughing Gym
Pungent Leaflike Oyster
Leaflike Oyster
Orange-gilled Waxy Cap
Chanterelle Waxy Cap
Scarlet Waxy Cap
Witch's Hat
Unstaining Witch's Hat
Golden Waxy Cap
Viscid Fishy Waxy Cap
see Humidicutis marginata
Fading Scarlet Waxy Cap
Non-fading Yellow Gills
Parrot Mushroom
Sphagnum Bog Waxy Cap
Smoke Gray Waxy Cap
False Chanterelle
Fragrant Hygrophoropsis
Gray Almond Waxy Cap
Non-viscid White Waxy Cap
see Hygrocybe cantharellus
see Hygrocybe coccinea
see Hygrocybe conica
see Hygrocybe cuspidata
Slimy White Waxy Cap
see Hygrocybe flavescens
Yellow-centered Waxy Cap
Sooty Waxy Cap
Slimy Yellow-gilled Waxy Cap
Late Fall Waxy Cap
see Hygrocybe laeta
see Humidicutis marginata
see Hygrocybe miniata
see Hygrocybe nitida
Hygrophorus niveus Fr.
Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus (Fr.) Fr.
Hygrophorus psittacinus (Fr.) Fr.
Hygrophorus pudorinus (Fr.) Fr.
Hygrophorus purpurascens (Fr.) Fr.
Hygrophorus russocoriaceus Berk & Miller
Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.: Fr.) Que!.
Hygrophorus sordidus Peck
Hygrophorus speciosus Peck
Hygrophorus subviolaceus Peck
Hygrophorus turundus Fr.
Hygrophorus unguinosus Fr.
Hypholoma capnoides (Fr.) Kummer
Hypholoma elongatipes Peck
Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.: Fr.) Kummer
Hypholoma sublateritium (Fr.) Quel.
Hypholoma udum (Pers.: Fr.) Kuhner
Hypsizygus tessulatus (Bull.: Fr.) Singer
Hypsizygus elongatipes (Peck) Bigelow
Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) Bigelow
Hypsizygus ulmar ius (Bull.: Fr.) Redhead
Inocybe calamistrata (Fr.) Gillet
Inocybe fastigiata (Schaeff.: Fr.) Quel
Inocybe geophylla (Sow.: Fr.) Kummer
Inocybe lacera (Fr.) Kummer
Inocybe liIacina (Bond.) Kauff.
Inocybe napipes Lange
Laccaria altaica Singer
Laccaria amethystina (Bolt.: Hooker) Murr.
Laccaria laccata (Scop.: Fr.) Cke.
Laccaria ochropurpurea (Berk.) Peck
Laccaria trullisata (Ellis) Peck
Lactarius affinis Peck
Lactarius aquif/uus Peck
Lactarius argillaceifolius Hesler & Smith
Lactarius atroviridis Peck
Lactarius camphoratus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr.
Lactarius chrysorrheus Fr.
Lactarius colorascens Peck
Lactarius deceptivus Peck
Lactarius delicious (L.: Fr.) Gray
Lactarius glyciosmus (Fr.) Fr.
Lactarius griseus Peck
Lactarius hibbardae Peck
Lactarius indigo (Schw.) Fr.
Lactarius lignyotus Fr.
Lactarius lignyotus var. canadensis Smith & Hesler
Lactarius mucidus var. mucidus (Burl) S.. & H.
White Viscid Waxy Cap
Slimy-sheathed Waxy Cap
see Hygrocybe psittacina
Turpentine Waxy Cap
Pink Waxy Cap
Cedarwood Waxy Cap
Russula Waxy Cap
Hardwood White Waxy Cap
Larch Waxy Cap
see Camarophyllus subviolaceus
see Hygrocybe turunda
see Hygrocybe unguinosa
Smoky-gilled Hypholoma
Long-stalked Hypholoma
Sulphur Tuft
Brick Caps
Bog Hypholoma
Long-stalked Elm Oyster
see Hypsizygus tessulatus
see Hypsizygus tessulatus
Elm Oyster
Green-foot Fiber Head
Straw-colored Fiber Head
White Fiber Head
Tom Fiber Head
Lilac Fiber Head
Pungent Fiber Head
Small Pink Marsh Laccaria
Violet Laccaria
Common Laccaria
Purple-gilled Laccaria
Sandy Laccaria
Butterscotch Milky
Burnt-sugar Milky
Hardwood Brown Milky
Dark Green Milky
Curry-scented Milky
Golden-liquid Milky
Hot Milky
Deceptive Milky
Delicious Milky
Buff Coconut Milky
Gray Milky
Coconut Milky
Indigo Milky
Chocolate Milky
Chocolate Milky
Slimy Milky
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Lactarius oculatus (Peck) Burlingham
Lactarius piperatus (Fr.) Gray
Lactarius representaFleus Britz.
Lactarius rufus (Scop.: Fr.) Fr.
Lactarius sordidus Peck
Lactarius subdulcis (Bull.: Fr.) Gray
Lactarius subpurpureus Peck
Lactarius theiogalus (Fr.) Gray
Lactarius thyinos Smith
Lactarius torminosus (Fr.) S.F.Gray
Lactarius uvidus (Fr.) Fr.
Lactarius varius Peck
Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr.
Lactarius vietus (Fr.) Fr.
Lactarius vinaceorufescens Smith
Lentinellus cochleatus (Pers.: Fr.) Karsten
Lentinellus ursinus (Fr.) Kuhner
Lentinus lepideus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr.
Lepiota acutesquamosa (Weinm.) Kummer
Lepiota cepaestipes (Sow.: Fr.) Pat.
Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.: Fr.) Kummer
Lepiota cortinarius Lange
Lepiota cristata (Fr.) Kummer
Lepiota naucina (Fr.) Kummer
Lepiota procera (Scop.: Fr.) Gray
Lepiota sistrata (Fr.) Quel
Lepista nuda (Bull.: Fr.) Cooke
Leptonia sericella (Bull.: Fr.) Barbier
Leptonia serrulata (Pers.: Fr.) Quel.
Leucoagaricus naucinus (Fr.) Singer
Leucopaxillus albissimus (Peck) Singer
Leucopaxillus cerealis (Lasch) Singer
Leucopaxillus giganteus (Fr.) Singer
Leucopaxillus laterarius (Pk.) Singer & Smith
Limacella illinita (Fr.: Fr.) Maire
Limacella glischra (Morg.) Murr.
Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.: Fr.) Singer
Lyophyllum ulmarium (Bull.: Fr.) Kuehner
Lyophyllum palustre (Peck) Singer
Marasmius androsaceus (L.: Fr.) Fr.
Marasmius cohaereus (Pers.: Fr.) Cke. & Quel.
Marasmius oreades (Bolton: Fr.) Fr.
Marasmius rotula (Scop.: Fr.) Fr.
Marasmius scorodonius (Fr.) Fr.
Marasmius siccus (Schw.) Fr.
Megacollybia platyphylla
Melanoleuca alboflavida (Peck) Murr.
Melanoleuca melaleuca (Pers.: Fr.) Murr.
Sphagnum Bog Milky
Peppery Hot Milky
Northern Bearded Milky
Red-hot Milky
Dirty Milky
Sweet Milky
Green Staining Milky
Birch Milky
Orange-latex Bog Milky
Pink-fringed Milky
Common Violet-latex Milky
Sticky Milky
Velvety Milky
Depressed Milky
Flesh Toned Milky
Cockle-shell Lentinus
Bear Lentinus
The Train Wrecker
Sharp-scaled Lepiota
Onion-stalked Lepiota
Shaggy-stalked Lepiota
Scaly Lepiota
Malodorous Lepiota
see Leucoagaricus naucinus
Parasol
Umbo Lepiota
Wood Blewit
see Alboleptonia sericella
see Entoloma serrulatum
Smooth Lepiota
White Leucopax
see Leucopaxillus albissimus
Giant Leucopax
Early False Funnelcap
White Slime Mushroom
Brown Slime Mushroom
Fried Chicken Mushroom
see Hypsizygus ulmarius
Sphagnum Bog Collybia
Horsehair Mushroom
Fused Marasmius
Fairy Ring Mushroom
Pinwheel Marasmius
Garlic Marasmius
Orange Pinwheel
see Tricholomopsis platyphylla
Yellowish-white Melanoleuca
Changeable Melaleuca
Mycena acicula (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer
Mycena adonis (Bull.: Fr.) S.F.Gray
Mycena alcalina (Fr.) Kummer
Mycena amabilissima (Peck) Sacco
Mycena citrinomarginata Gillet
Mycena corticola (Fr.) S.F.Gray
Mycena delicatella (Peck) Smith
Mycena epipterygia (Fr.) S.F.Gray
Mycena galericulata (Scop.: Fr.) S.F.Gray
Mycena haematopus (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer
Mycena inclinata (Fr.) Quel.
Mycena leaiana (Berk.) Sacco
Mycena pura (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer
Mycena rosella (Fr.) Kummer
Mycena strobilinoides Peck
Naematoloma capnoides (Fr.) Kar.
Naematoloma fasciculare (Huds.: Fr.) Karsten
Naematoloma sublateritium (Fr.) Karsten
Naematoloma udum (Fr.) Karsten
Nolanea murraii (Berk. & Curt.) Dennis
Nolanea quadrata Berk. & Curt.
Nothopanus
Omphalina campanella (Batsch: Fr.) Quel.
Omphalina chrysophylla (Fr.) Murr.
Omphalina ectypoides (Peck) Bigelow
Omphalina ericetorum (Fr.) Lange
Omphalina fibula Fr.
Omphalotus iIIudens (Schw.) Bigelow
Oudemansiella platyphylla (Fr.) Moser
Oudemansiella radicata (ReI.: Fr.) Sing.
Panaeolus semiovatus (Sow.: Fr.) Lund. & Nannf.
Panellus patellaris (Fr.) Konr. & Maubl.
Panellus serotinus (Fr.) Kuehner
Panellus stipticus (Bull.: Fr.) Karst.
Panus rudis Fr.
Panus strigosus Berk. & Curt.
Paxillus atrotomentosus (Batsch: Fr.) Fr.
Paxillus involutus (Batsch: Fr.) Fr.
Paxillus panuoides (Fr.: Fr.) Fr.
Phaeomarasmius confragosus (Fr.) Singer
Phaeomarasmius erinaceellus (Peck) Singer
Pholiota albocrenulata (Peck) Sacco
Pholiota aurivella (Batsch: Fr.) Kummer
Pholiota destruens (Brond.) Gill
Pholiota flammans (Fr.) Kummer
Pholiota highlandensis (Peck) Smith & Hesler
Pholiota spumosa (Fr.) Singer
Pholiota squarrosa (Mill.: Fr.) Kummer
Coral Spring Mycena
Conifer Needle Mycena
Stump Fairy Helmet
Conifer Needle Mycena
Yellow-capped Mycena
Hairy Bark Mycena
Delicate Mycena
Yellow-stalked Mycena
Common Mycena
Bleeding Mycena
White-flecked Mycena
Orange Mycena
Pink Mycena
Pink-edged Gill Mycena
Red-orange Mycena
see Hypholoma capnoides
see Hypholoma fasciculare
see Hypholoma sublateritium
see Hypholoma udum
see Entoloma murraii
see Entoloma salmoneum
see Pleurocybella
see Xeromphalina campanella
see Gerronema chrysophylla
see Pseudoarmillariella ectypoides
Lichen Agaric
see Rickenella fibula
Jack O'Lantern
see Tricholomopsis platyphylla
see Xerula furfuracea
Semi-ovate Panaeolus
see Tectella patellaris
Late Fall Oyster
Luminescent Panellus
Ruddy Panus
see Pleurotus levis
Velvet-footed Pax
Poison Pax
Stalkless Paxillus
see Tubaria confragosa
Powder-scale Pholiota
White-crenulate Gill Pholiota
Golden Pholiota
Destructive Pholiota
ellow Pholiota
Burnt-ground Pholiota
Greenish-yellow Margined Pholiota
Scaly Pholiota
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Pholiota squarrosoides (Peck) Sacco
Phylloporus rhodoxanthus (Schw.) Bres.
Phyllotopsis nidulans (Pers.: Fr.) Singer
Pleurocybella porrigens (Pers.: Fr.) Singer
Pleurotus dryinus (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer
Pleurotus elongatipes Peck
Pleurotus levis (Berk. & Curt.) Singer
Pleurotus ostreatus Fr.
Pluteus admirabi/is (Peck) Peck
Pluteus aurantiorugosus (Trog.) Sacco
Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer
Pluteus longistriatus Peck
Psathyre/la candol/eana (Fr.) Maire
Psathyre/la epimyces (Peck) A.H. Smith
Psathyrella foenisecii (Fr.) A.H. Smith
Psathyrella hydrophila (Fr.) Maire
Psathyrella velutina (Pers.: Fr.) Singer
Pseudoarmillariella ectypoides (Peck) Singer
Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis (Bull.: Fr.) Singer
Rhodocybe mundula (Lash) Singer
Rhodotus pa/matus (Bull.: Fr.) Maire
Rickenel/a fibula (Bull.: Fr.) Raith.
Rozites caperata (Fr.) Karst.
Russula aurantiolutea Kauff.
Russula brevipes Peck
Russula crustosa Peck
Russula cyanoxantha var. variata (Banning) Singer
Russula decolorans (Fr.) Fr.
Russula densifolia Gill.
Russula emetica (Schaeff.: Fr.) S.F. Gray
Russula fragi/is (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.
Russula fragrantissima Romagnesi
Russula lutea (Huds.: Fr.) Gray
Russula mariae Peck
Russula nigricans Fr.
Russula paludosa Britz.
Russula roseipes (Secr.) Bres.
Russula sanguinea (Bull) Fr.
Russula si/vicola Shaffer
Russula vesca Fr.
Russula vesicatoria Burl.
Russula virescens Fr.
Russula xerampe/ina (Schaeff.) Fr.
Schizophyllum commune Fr.
Stropharia coronilla (Bull.: Fr.) Quel.
Stropharia hornemannii (Fr.: Fr.) Lund. & Nannf.
Stropharia semiglobata (Batsch: Fr.) Quel.
Tectel/a patel/aris (Fr.) Murr.
Sharp-scaly Pholiota
Gilled Bolete
Orange Mock Oyster
Angel Wings
Veiled Oyster
see Hypsizygus tessulatus
Bristly Hairy Panus
Oyster Mushroom
Yellow Pluteus
Golden Granular Pluteus
Fawn Mushroom
Pleated Pluteus
Common Psathyrella
Parasitic Psathyrella
Lawn Mover's Mushroom
Clustered Psathyrella
Velvety Psathyrella
Wood Clitocybe
Cup-shaped Clitocybe
Cracked-cap Rhodocybe
Netted Rhodotus
Orange Moss Agaric
Gypsy
Orange-yellow Russula
Short-stalked White Russula
Green Quilt Russula
Forked-gill Russula
Gray Bruising Russula
Blackening Close-gilled Russula
Sickener
Fragile Russula
Fetid-scented Russula
Sticky Yellow-capped Russula
Purple-bloom Russula
Red to Black Russula
Red-orange Swamp Russula
Rose-footed Russula
Rosy Russula
Red Woodland Russula
Bare-toothed Russula
Short-stalked Forked Russula
Green Agaric Russula
Shellfish-scented Russula
Common Split Gill
Garland Stropharia
Lacerated Stropharia
Round Stropharia
Veiled Panus
Tricholoma albobrunneum (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer
Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Rieken
Tricholoma flavobrunneum (Fr.) Kummer
Tricholoma flavovirens (Pers.: Fr.) Lund.
Tricholoma imbricatum (Fr.: Fr.) Kummer
Tricholoma intermedium Peck
Tricholoma myomyces (Fr.) Lange
Tricholoma pessundatum (Fr.) Quel.
Tricholoma populinum Lange
Tricholoma portentosum (Fr.) Quel.
Tricholoma resplendens Fr.
Tricholoma saponaceum (Fr.) Kummer
Tricholoma sejunctum (Sow.: Fr.) Quel.
Tricholoma vaccinum (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer
Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.: Fr.) Kummer
Tricholomopsis decor a (Fr.) Singer
Tricholomopsis platyphylla (Pers.: Fr.) Singer
Tricholomopsis rutilans (Schaeff.: Fr.) Singer
Tricholomopsis sulfureoides (Peck) Singer
Tubaria confragosa (Fr.) Kuehner
Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.: Fr.) Gillet
Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.: Fr.) Singer
Xeromphalina campanella (Bat.: Fr.) Kue. & Maire
Xerula furfuracea (Pk.) Red., Ginns, & Shoe.
Xerula megalospora
BOLETACEAE
Boletinus merulioides (Schw.) Singer
Boletus affinis Peck
Boletus auriporus Peck
Boletus badius Fr.
Boletus chrysenteron Bull.: St. Amans
Boletus edulis Bull.: Fr.
Boletus fraternus Peck
Boletus gracilis (Peck)
Boletus lignicola Kallenbach
Boletus ornatipes Peck
Boletus pallidus Peck
Boletus parasiticus Bull.: Fr.
Boletus piperatus Bull.: Fr.
Boletus rubellus Krombh.
Boletus russellii (Frost) Gilbert
Boletus pseudopeckii Smith & Thiers
Boletus pulverulentus Opatowski
Boletus subtomentosus Fr.
Boletus subvelutipes Peck
Chalciporus piperatus (Bull.: Fr.) Singer
Fuscoboletinus paluster (Peck) Pom. & Smith
Red-brown Tricholoma
Fragrant Armillaria
Brownstain Tricholoma
Canary Tricholoma
Shingled Tricholoma
White Stalk Canary
Gray Tricholoma
Red-brown Tricholoma
Poplar Tricholoma
Sticky Gray Tricholoma
Satiny White Tricholoma
Soapy Tricholoma
Separating Tricholoma
Russet-scaly Tricholoma
Fibril Tricholoma
Decorated Mop
Platterful Mushroom
Variegated Mop
Yellow Oyster Mop
Ringed Tubaria
Fringed Tubaria
Tree Volvariella
Orange Fuzzy Foot
Deep-rooted Collybia
Deep-rooted Collybia
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BOLETES
Ash-tree Bolete
Spotted Bolete
Gold-pored Bolete
Bay Bolete
Red-cracked Bolete
King Bolete
Summer Redcap
see Porphyrellus gracilis
Conifer Bolete
Ornate-stalked Bolete
Pallid Bolete
Parasitic Bolete
Peppery Bolete
Summer Bolete
Russell's Bolete
False Peck's Bolete
All Bluing Bolete
Yellow-cracked Bolete
Red-mouth Bolete
see Boletus piperatus
Red Bog Bolete
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Gyrodon merulioides (Schw.) Singer
Gyroporus castaneus (Bull.: Fr.) Quel.
Gyroporus cyanescens (Fr.) Quel.
Leccinum aurantiacum (Bull.) S.F. Gray
Leccinum chromapes (Frost) Singer
Leccinum h%pus (Rostk.) Watling
Leccinum insigne Smith, Thiers, & Watling
Leccinum scabrum (Bull.: Fr.) S.F. Gray
Leccinum subglabripes (Peck) Singer
Porphyrel/us gracilis (Peck) Singer
Porphyrel/us pseudoscaber (Seer.) Singer
Pu/verobo/etus ravenelii (Berk. & Curt.) Murr.
Suillus acidus (Peck) Singer
Suillus aeruginascens (Seer.) Porn. & Smith
Suillus american us (Peck) Snell
Suillus cavipes (Opat.) A.H. Smith & Thiers
Suillus granu/atus (L.: Fr.) Kuntze
Suillus grevil/ei (Klotzch) Singer
Suillus luteus (L.: Fr.) S.F. Gray
Suillus pictus (Peck) AH. Smith & Thiers
Suillus placidus (Bon.) Singer
Suillus punctipes (Peck) Singer
Suillus spectabilis (Peck) Kuntze
Suillus sub/ute us (Peck) Snell
Strobi/omyces fIoccopus (Vahl: Fr.) Karsten
Ty/opilus a/boater (Schw.) Murr.
Tylopilus fel/eus (Bull.: Fr.) Karsten
see Bo/etinel/us merulioides
Chestnut Bolete
Bluing Bolete
Red-capped Scaber Stalk
Chrome-footed Scaber Stalk
White Scaber Stalk
Aspen Scaber Stalk
Common Scaber Stalk
Yellow-tubed Scaber Stalk
Graceful Bolete
Dark Bolete
Powdery Sulfur Bolete
Acidic Suillus
Bluing Suillus
Chicken-fat Suillus
Hollow-stalked Larch Bolete
Dotted-stalk Suillus
Larch Suillus
Slippery Jack
Painted Suillus
see Bo/etus p/acidus
Fragrant Suillus
Spectabilis Suillus
Slippery Jill
Old Man of the Woods
Black Velvet Bolete
Bitter Bolete
APHYLLOPHORALES
CANTHARELLACEAE
Canthare/lus cibarius Fr.
Canthare/lus minor Pk.
Canthare/lus infundibuliformis Fr.
Canthare/lus /ateritius (Berk.) Singer
Canthare/lus tubaeformis Fr.
Canthare/lus umbonatus (Gmel.: Fr.)
Canthare/lus xanthopus (Pers.) Duby
Craterel/us cornucopioides (L.: Fr.) Pers.
Craterel/us fal/ax A.H. Smith
Gomphus fIoccosus (Schw.) Singer
CORAL AND PORE FUNGI
CHANTERELLES
Chanterelle
Small Chanterelle
Funnel-shaped Chanterelle
Smooth Chanterelle
Trumpet Chanterelle
see Cantharel/u/a umbonata
Yellow-footed Chanterelle
Horn Of Plenty
Black Trumpet
Sealy Vase Chanterelle
CLA V ARIACEAE
Clavaria juncea Fr.
C/avaria vermicu/aris Micheli: Fr.
C/avariadelphus ligula (Fr.) Donk
C/avariadelphus pistillaris (L.: Fr.) Donk
C/avicorona pyxidata (Pers.: Fr.) Doty
C/avulina cristata (Fr.) Schroet.
CORAL FUNGI
Yellow Worm Coral
White Worm Coral
Strap-shaped Coral
Pestle-shaped Coral
Crown-tipped Coral
Crested Coral
C/avulina rugosa (Fr.) Schroet.
C/avulinopsis fusiformis (Fr.) Corner
C/avu/inopsis /aetic%r (Berk. & Curt.) Corner
Physa/acria inflata (Schw.) Fr.
Ramaria conc%r (Corner) Petersen
Ramaria formosa var. concolor McAfee & Grand
Ramaria gracilis (Fr.) Que!.
Ramaria stricta (Pers:Fr.) Quel.
Ramariopis kunzei (Fr.) Donk
Sparassis crispa Wulf.:Fr.
HYDNACEAE
Auriscalpium vulgare Gray
Bankera carnosa (Banker) Smell,Dick & Taussig
Climacodon septentrionale (Fr.) Karst.
Dentinum
Hericium coral/oides (Fr.) Gray
Hericium ramosum (Bull.) Let.
Hydnel/um aurantiacum (Fr.) Karsten
Hydnellum caeruleum (Horn.:Pers.) Karsten
Hydnellum diabo/us Banker
Hydnellum pinetico/a Harrison
Hydnellum zonatum (Batsch) Karsten
Hydnum repandum Fr.
Hydnum umbillicatum Peck
Phel/odon niger var. a/boniger (Peck)Harrison
Phel/odon tomentosus (Fr.) Banker
Steccherinum ochraceum (Pers.:Fr.) Gray
Steccherinum septentrionale (Fr.) Banker
GANODERMATACEAE,POLYPORACEAE
A/batrellus ovinus (Fr.) Murr.
Amylocystis lapponica (Rom.) Singer
Bjerkandera adusta (Fr.) Karsten
Boletopsis subsquamosa (L:Fr.) Kotl. & Pouz.
Cerrena unicolor (Fr.) Murr.
Climacocystis borealis (Fr.) Kotlaba & Pouz.
Coltricia cinnamomea (Pers.) Murr.
Co/tricia montagnei (Fr.) Murr.
Coltricia perennis (L:Fr.) Murr.
Co/tricia tomentosa (Fr.) Murr.
Coriolus hirsutus (Fr.) Quel.
Corio/us pubescens (Schum:Fr.) Que!.
Coriolus ve/utinus (Fr.) Quel.
Coriolus versicolor (L.:Fr.) Quel.
Cryptoporus volvatus (Pk.) Hub.
Daedalea quercina L:Fr.
Daedaleopsis confragosa (Fr.) Schroet.
Unbranched Crested Coral
Golden Spindles
Orange Spindles
Bladder Stalks
Brown Coral
Conifer Coral
Slender Coral
Straight-branched Coral
White Coral
Eastern Cauliflower Mushroom
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TOOTH FUNGI
Pinecone Tooth
Fleshy Hydnum
Northern Tooth
see Hydnum
Bear's Head Tooth
Comb Tooth
Orange Rough-cap Tooth
Bluish Tooth
Fragrant Red-juice Tooth
Pine Spongy-footed Tooth
Zoned Tooth
Sweet Tooth
Depressed Tooth
Black Tooth
Velvety Tooth
Ochre Spreading Tooth
see Climacodon septentrionalis
LEATHERY FUNGI & POL YPORES
Sheep Polypore
see Postia /apponica (Rom.) Ju!.
Smoky Polypore
Kurotake
Mossy Maze Polypore
White Stalkless Polypore
Shiny Cinnamon Polypore
Montagne's Polypore
Banded Long-lasting Polypore
see Onnia tomentosa
Hairy Yellow Polypore
Downy White Polypore
Smoky Pore Polypore
Turkey-tail
Veiled Polypore
Thick-maze Oak Polypore
Thin-maze Flat Polypore
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Datronia mollis (Sommerf.: Fr.) Donk
Favolus alveolaris (DC.:Fr.) Quel.
Fistulina hepatica Schaeff.: Fr.
Fomes fomentarius (L:Fr.) Kickx
Fomitopsis cajanderi (Karst.) Kot. & Pou.
Fomitopsis officinalis (Fr.) Bond. & Singer
Fomitopsis pinicola (Schwartz: Fr.) Karsten
Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.
Ganoderma lucidum (Leys.:Fr.) Karsten
Ganoderma tsugae Murr.
G/oeophyllum protractum (Fr.) Imaz.
G/oeophyllum sepiarium (Fr.) Karsten
G/oeophyllum trabeum (Pers.:Fr.) Murr.
G/oeoporus dichrous (Fr.) Bres.
Grifolia umbel/ata (Pers.:Fr.) Pilat
Hypoxylon deustum (Hoffm:Fr.) Grev.
Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) Karsten
Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilat
Inonotus radiatus (Sow.: Fr.) Karst.
Irpex lacteus (Fr.) Fr.
Irpex mollis
Ischnoderma benzoinum (Fr.) Karsten
Ischnoderma resinosum (Fr.) Karsten
Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murr.
Lenzites betulina (Fr.)Fr.
Meruliopsis taxicola (Pers.:Fr.) Ginns
Onnia tomentosa (Fr.) Karsten
Oxyporus populinus (Fr.) Donk
Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk
Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat.
Phellinus ferruginosus (Fr.) Pat.
Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat.
Phellinus igniarius (Fr.) Quel.
Phellinus laevigatus (Fr.) Bourd. & Gatz.
Phellinus pini (Fr.) Ames
Piptoporus betulin us (Bull.:Fr.) Karsten
Polyporus adustus Fr.
Polyporus arcularius Batsch:Fr.
Polyporus badius (Gray) Schw.
Polyporus brumalis Fr.
Polyporuscmnabarinus
Polyporus elegans (Bull.) Fr.
Polyporus radiatus Schw.
Polyporus squamosus Fr.
Polyporus varius Fr.
Polyporus nidulans Fr.
Polyporus resinosus Fr.
Polyporus umbel/atus Pers:Fr.
Dark Brown Polypore
Hexagonal-pored Polypore
Beedsteak Fungus
Tinder Polypore
Rosy Polypore
Larch Polypore
Red-belted Polypore
Artist's Conk
Ling Chih
Hemlock Varnish Shelf
Zoned Brown Gill Polypore
Yellow-red Gill Polypore
Gray-brown Gill Polypore
Gelatinous Shelves
Umbrella Polypore (Hen of the Woods)
Carbon Cushion
Tender Nesting Polypore
Clinker Polypore
Rooting Polypore
Milk-white Toothed Polypore
see Datronia mollis
Thin Resinous Polypore
Resinous Polypore
Sulphur Shelf (Chicken of theWoods)
Multicolor Gill Polypore
Orange Poria
Woolly Velvet Polypore
Mossy Maple Polypore
White Sponge
Dye Polypore
Rusty Brown Polypore
Mustard-yellow Polypore
Flecked-flesh Polypore
Birch Crust Polypore
Ochre-orange Hoof Polypore
Birch Polypore
See Bjerkandera adusta
Spring Polypore
Black-footed Polypore
Winter Polypore
see Pycnoporus cinnabarinus
see Polyporus varius
see Inonotus radiatus
Dryad's Saddle
Elegant Polypore
see Hapalopilus nidulans
see Ischnoderma resinosum
see Grifola umbel/ata
Poria taxico/a (Pers.:Fr.) Bres.
Poronidu/us conchiter (Schw.) Murr.
Postia caesia (Fr.) Karsten
Postia tragilis (Fr.) Jul.
Postia /apponica (Rom.) Jul.
Postia stiptica (Fr.) Jul.
Pycnoporel/us a/bo/uteus (Ell. & Ev.) Kot. & Pou.
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.:Fr.) Karsten
Spongipellis de/ectans (Peck) Murr.
Spongipellis pachyodon (Pers.) Korl.&Pouz.
Spongipellis unic%r
Trametes
Trichaptum abietinum (Fr.) Ryv.
Trichaptum bitorme (Fr. in Klotzch) Ryv.
Tyromyces a/bel/us (Peck) Bond & Singer
Tyromyces caesius (Fr.) Murr.
Tyromyces chioeus (Fr.) Karsten
Tyromyces tragilis (Fr.) Donk
Tyromyces immitis (Peck) Bond.
THELEPHORACEAE
The/ephora intybacea Pers.:Fr.
The/ephora mollissima Pers.:Fr.
The/ephora pa/mata Fr.
The/ephora terrestris Fr.
CORTICIACEAE & (OTHERS)
A/eurodiscus amorphus (Fr.) Schroet.
A/eurodiscus oakesii (Berk.&Curt.) Hoeh.&Litsch.
A/eurodiscus tsugae Yasuda in Lloyd
Chondrostereum purpureum (Fr.) Pouz.
Christiansenia mycetophi/a (Pk.) Ginns & Sunh.
Coniophora puteana (Schum.:Fr.) Karsten
Corticium bombycinum (Som.) Bres.
Cystostereum murrayii (Berk. & Curt.) Pou.
Hydnochaete olivaceum (Schw.) Bank.
Hymenochaete badio-terruginea (Mont.) Lev.
Hymenochaete tabacina (Fr.) Lev.
Laxitextum bic%r (Pers.:Fr.) Lentz
Lopharia cinerascens (Schw.) Cunn.
Merulius incamatus Schw.
Merulius tremellosus Schrad.:Fr.
Peniophora ruta (Fr.) Boidin
Phanerochaete sanguinea (Fr.) Pou.
Ph/ebia incarnata (Schw.) Nak. & Bur.
Ph/ebia radiata Fr.
Pseudomeru/ius aureus (Fr.) Jul.
see Meruliopsis taxico/a
Little Nest Polypore (elm)
Blue Cheese Polypore
Staining Cheese Polypore
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Orange Sponge
Cinnabar-red Polypore
Marshmallow Polypore
see Datronia (Irpex) mollis
Oak Sponge
see also Corio/us
Conifer Violet Toothed POlypore
Violet Toothed Polypore
see Tyromyces chioneus
see Postia caesia
White Cheese Polypore
see Postia tragi/is
see Postia stiptica
VASE FUNGI
White Hairy Vase
see The/ephora intybacea
Garlic Fiber Vase
Common Fiber Vase
CRUST FUNGI
Conifer Disc
Hophornbeam Disc
Hemlock Disc
Silver Leaf Fungus
Collybia Jelly
Wet Rot
Buff Crust
Dark Brown Crust
Brown-toothed Cust
Reddish-brown Crust
Cracked Brown Crust
Two-tone Parchment
Bristly Parchment
see Ph/ebia incarnata
Trembling Merulius
Red Tree Brain
Spreading Red Tooth
Coral-pink Merulius
Radiating Phlebia
Golden Crust
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Punctularia strigosozonata (Schw.) Tal.
Serpula lacrimans (Fr.) Schroer.
Stereum complicatum (Fr.) Fr.
Stereum fasciatum (Schw.) Fr.
Stereum ostrea (Blume & Ness:Fr.) Fr.
Stereum striatum (Fr.) Fr.
Zoned Phlebia
Dry Rot
Crowded Parchment
False Turkey-tail
see Stereum fasciatum
Silky Parchment
GASTEROMYCET ALES
L YCOPERDALES
Bovista pi/a Berk. & Curt.
Bovista p/umbea Pers.
Calvatia craniformis (Schw.) Fr.
Calvatia cyathiformis (Bose) Morg.
Calvatia gigantea (Bat.:Pers.) Lloyd
Crucibulum /aeve (Huds.) Kambly
Cyathus olla Batsch: Pers.
Cyathus stercoreus (Schw.) de Toni
Cyathus striatus (Huds.) Willd.
Geastrum coronatum Pers.
Geastrum pectinatum Pers.
Geastrum trip/ex Jung.
Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsch
Lycoperdon marginatum Vitt.
Lycoperdon per/atum Pers.
Lycoperdon pusillum Pers.
Lycoperdon pyriforme Pers.
Lycoperdon umbrinum Pers.
Nidularia pulvinata (Schw,) Fr.
Rhizopogon nigrescens Coker & Couch
Rhizopogon rubescens Tul.
Sphaerobolus stellatus Tode: Pers.
STOMACH FUNGI
PUFFBALLS
Tumbling Puffball
Plum Puffball
Skull-shaped Puffball
Purple-spored Puffball
Giant Puffball
White-egg Bird's Nest
Velvety Splash Cups
Hairy Splash Cups
Splash Cups
Grooved Earthstar
Beaked Earthstar
Collared Earthstar
see Lycoperdon per/atum
Fused Spiny Puffball
Gem-studded Puffball
Mini Puffball
Pear-shaped Puffball
Smooth Puffball
Pea-shaped Nidularia
Black Rhizopogon
Red Rhizopogon
Sphere Thrower or Canon Fungus
SCLERODERMA TALES
Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morg.
Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Cok. & Couch
Scleroderma citrinum Pers.
Scleroderma aurantium Pers.
FALSE PUFFBALLS
Barometer Earthstar
Dye-maker's False Puffball
Pigskin Poison Puffball
see Scleroderma citrinum
PHALLALES
Dictyophora duplicata (Bose) Fisch.
Mutinus caninus (Pers.) Fr.
Mutinus elegans (Mont.) Fisch.
Phallus ravene/ii Berk. & Curt.
STINKHORNS
Netted Stinkhorn
Dog Stinkhorn
Elegant Stinkhorn
Ravenel's Stinkhorn
HYMENOMYCETES
TREMELLALES, AURICULARIALES,
DACRYMYCETALES
Auricu/aria auricu/a-judae (Bull.: Fr.) Wettst.
EXPOSED HYMENIUM FUNGI
JELLY FUNGI
see Auricularia auricula
Auricularia auricula (Hook.) Under.
Dacrymyces chrysospermus Berk. & Curt.
Dacrymyces deliquescens (Merat) Duby
Dacrymyces pa/matus (Schw.) Bres.
Exidia glandulosa Bull.:Fr.
Exidia nucleata (Schw.) Burt
Phlogiotis helvel/oides (Fr.) Mar.
Pseudohydnum ge/atinosum (Scop.:Fr.) Karsten
Tremel/a mesenterica Retz.: Fr.
Tremel/odendron pallidum (Schw.) Burt
Tremel/odendron schweinitzii (Peck) Atk.
Tree-ear
see Dacrymyces pa/matus
Orange-red Jelly
Orange Jelly (conifers)
Black Jelly Roll
Granular Jelly Roll
Apricot Jelly
Jelly Tooth
Witches' Butter
Jellied False Coral
see Tremel/odendron pallidum
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Appendix 5.2
Species at Risk in the Lake Simcoe Watershed
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There are 65 known provincial or national species at risk in the LSEMS study area in
such groups as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, butterflies, vascular
plants, molluscs and mosses. Information was Qathered from the Natural HeritaQe
Information Centre (NHIC) database (http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/nhic.cfm).
BIRDS
Ammodramus henslowN Henslow's Sparrow*
Asio fIammeus Short-eared Owl
Baeolophus bicolor Tufted Titmouse
Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk
Chlidonias niger Black Tern
Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow Rail
Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler
Empidonax virescens Acadian Flycatcher*
Icteria virens Yellow-breasted Chat*
Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern
Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike
Melanerpes erythrocephalus Red-headed Woodpecker
Rallus elegans King Rail
Sterna caspia Caspian Tern
Sterna forsteri Forster's Tern
FISH
Clinostomus elongatus Redside Dace
Coregonus clupeaformis sp., Lake Simcoe Whitefish
(AFCHA01200)
Hybognathus regius Eastern Silvery Minnow
INSECTS
LEPIDOPTERA (BUTTERFLIES, MOTHS, SKIPPERS)
Aeshna clepsydra Mottled Darner
Danaus plexippus Monarch
Erynnis brizo Sleepy Duskywing
Euchloe olympia Olympia Marble
Pieris virginiensis West Virginia White
MAMMALS
Myotis septentrionalis Northern Long-eared Bat
Urocyon cinereoargenteus Grey Fox*
MOLLUSCS
Triodopsis tridentata
Vertigo elatior
Northern Threetooth
Tapered Vertigo
RANKINGS
SRANK COSEWIC MNR
S1BSZN END END
S3S4BSZN SC
S2S3
S4BSZN SC VUL
S3BSZN NAR VUL
S4BSZN SC VUL
S3BSZN SC VUL
S2BSZN END
S2S3BSZN SC VUL
S3BSZN THR VUL
S2BSZN END END
S3BSZN SC VUL
S2BSZN END END
S3BSZN NAR
S2S3BSZN INO IND
S3 SC THR
THR
S2 NAR
S3
S4 SC NIAC
S1
S3
S3 VUL
S3
SZB THR
S3S4
S2S3
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MOSSES, LIVERWORTS, HORNWORTS AND SRANK COSEWIC MNR I
LICHENS
Tortula cainii A Moss S1 I
REPTILES
Clemmys insculpta Wood Turtle* S2 SC VUL I
Emydoidea blandingii Blanding's Turtle S3
Eumeces fasciatus Five-lined Skink S3 SC VUL
Heterodon platirhinos Eastern Hognose Snake* S3 THR VUL I
Sistrurus catenatus
catenatus Eastern Massasauga S3 THR THR
Rattlesnake* I
Thamnophis sauritus Ribbon Snake S3 SC
Lampropeltis triangulum Milk Snake S3 SC
AMPHIBIANS I
Ambystoma
jeffersonianum Jefferson Salamander S2 THR
VASCULAR PLANTS I
Arnoglossum plantagineum Tuberous Indian-plantain S3 SC
Astragalus neglectus Cooper's Milkvetch S3 I
Azolla caroliniana Mosquito Fern S1
Carex careyana Carey's Sedge S2
Carex formosa Handsome Sedge S3S4 I
Carex schweinitzii Schweinitz's Sedge S3
Chenopodium foggii Fogg's Goosefoot S2
cristata I
Cyperus houghtonii Houghton's Umbrella-sedge S3
Cypripedium arietinum Ram's-head Lady's-slipper* S3
Eleocharis rostellata Beaked Spike-rush* S3 I
Eragrostis spectabilis Purple Love Grass S2
Hedyotis caerulea Bluets* SH
Juncus secundus Secund Rush S2 I
Liparis liliifolia Lily-leaved Twayblade S2 END THR
Monarda didyma Oswe~o-tea S3
Oenothera pilosella Finely-pilose
Evenin~-primrose* S2 I
Panax quinquefolius American Ginsen~ S2 END
Panicum villosissimum Hairy Panic Grass S3
Pheqopteris hexaqonopteraSouthern Beech Fern S3 SC I
Platanthera leucophaea Eastern Prairie White-fringed
Orchid S2 SC
Poa lanquida Lan~uid Poa S3 I
Polygonum erectum Erect Knotweed S1
Prunus pumila var. besseyi Bessey s Sand Cherry S1
Ranunculus rhomboideus Prairie Buttercup S3 I
Sagittaria graminea
var. cristata Crested Arrowhead S3
Scirpus cIintonii Clinton's Leafless-bulrush S2 I
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Solidago arguta
Sporobolus heterolepis
Valeriana sitchensis var.
uliginosa
Sharp-leaved Goldenrod
Prairie Dropseed
Swamp Valerian
S3
S2S3
S2
* Historical occurences (have not been seen in the Watershed for at least 20 years)
Provincial Rank (SRANK):
Provincial ranks are used by the Natural Heritage Information Centre to set protection
priorities for rare species and natural communities. These ranks are not legal
designations.
S1 - Extremely rare in Ontario; usually 5 or fewer occurrences in the province or very
few remaining individuals; otten especially vulnerable to extirpation.
S2 - Very rare in Ontario; usually between 5 and 20 occurrences in the province or with
many individuals in fewer occurrences; otten susceptible to extirpation.
S3 - Rare to uncommon in Ontario; usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the
province; may have fewer occurrences, but with a large number of individuals in
some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. Most species
with an S3 rank are assigned to the watch list, unless they have a relatively high
global rank.
S4 - Common and apparently secure in Ontario; usually with more than 100
occurrences in the province.
S5 - Common to widespread in Ontario and demonstrably secure.
SH Historically known from Ontario, but not verified recently (typically not recorded in
the province in the last 20 years); however suitable habitat is thought to be still
present in the province and there is reasonable expectation that the species may
be rediscovered.
SE Exotic. Not believed to be a native component of Ontario's flora.
SZ - Not of practical conservation concern inasmuch as there are no clearly definable
occurrences; applies to long distance migrants, winter vagrants, and eruptive
species, which are too transitory and/or dispersed in their occurrence(s) to be
reliably mapped; most such species are non-breeders, however, some may
occasionally breed.
SZB - Breeding migrants/vagrants.
SZN - Non-breeding migrants/vagrants.
S? - Not Ranked Yet, or if following a ranking, Rank Uncertain (e.g. S3?). S? species
have not had a rank assigned.
? Following a rank indicates some degree of uncertainty
Rank ranges, e.g., S2S3, indicates that the Ontario rank is either S2 or S3, but that the
information currently available is insufficient to determine which rank applies.
COSEWIC Status:
Status assigned by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
(COSEWIC).
EXT Extinct. A wildlife species that no longer exists.
EXP Extirpated. A species no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but occurring
elsewhere in the wild.
END Endangered. A wildlife species that is facing imminent extirpation or extinction.
THR Threatened. A wildlife species likely to become an endangered species if
nothing is done to reverse the factors leading to its extirpation or extinction.
SC Special Concern (Formerly Vulnerable). A species of special concern because it
is particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events, but does not include
an extirpated, endangered or threatened species.
IND Indeterminate or Data Deficient. A species for which there is insufficient
information to support a status designation.
NAR Not At Risk. A species that has been evaluated and found to be not at risk.
MNR Status: Status assigned by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources based on
the recommendations of the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk
in Ontario (COSSARO).
EXT Extinct. A species formerly native to Ontario that no longer exists.
EXP Extirpated. Any native species no longer existing in the wild in Ontario, but
existing elsewhere in the wild.
END EndanQered. Any native species that, on the basis of the best available scientific
evidence, is at risk of extinction or extirpation throuQhout all or a siQnificant
portion of its Ontario ranQe if the limitinQ factors are not reversed. Endangered
species are protected under the Ontario's Endangered Species Act.
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THR Threatened. Any native species that, on the basis of the best available scientific
evidence, is at risk of becominQ endanQered throuQhout all or a significant
portion of its Ontario range if the limiting factors are not reversed.
VUL Vulnerable. Any native species that, on the basis of the best available scientific
evidence, is a species of special concern in Ontario, but is not a threatened or
endangered species.
IND Indeterminate. Any native species for which there is insufficient scientific
information on which to base a status recommendation.
NIAC Not In Any COSSARO CateQory. Any native species evaluated by COSSARO
which does not currently meet criteria for assignment to a provincial risk category.
Appendix 5.3 - Vascular Plants a/the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Status Scientific Name
Common Name
Location
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ACERACEAE
+
Acer ginna/a Maxim.
Acer negundo L.
+
+
Acer pensy/vanicum L.
Acer p/atanoides L.
Acer rubrum L.
Acer saccharinum L.
W
Acer saccharum Marshall ssp. nigrum (Michx. f.)
Desmarais
Acer saccharum Marshall ssp. saccharum
Acer spicatum Lam.
Acer X freemanii Murray (A. rubrum X A.
saccharinum )
ALlSMATACEAE
W
P
Alisma p/antago-aquatica L. (incf. A. triviafe
Pursh and A. subcordatum Raf.)
Sagittaria cuneata E. She/d.
Sagittaria graminea Engefm. var. cristata
(Engefm.) Bogin
Sagittaria fatifolia Willd.
AMARANTHACEAE
+
Amaranthus afbus L.
Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson (A. graecizans
L.)
Amaranthus powellii S. Watson (A. retroflexus
L. var. powe/lii (S. Watson) B. Boivin)
Amaranthus retroflexus L.
+
+
+
ANACARDIACEAE
W
W
Rhus aromatica Aiton
Rhus g/abra L.
Rhus redicans L. ssp. negundo (E. Greene)
McNeill (Toxicodendron redicans (L.) Kuntze
ssp. negundo (E. Greene) Gillis; Rhus radicans
L. ssp. radicans)
Rhus rydbergii Small ex Rydb. (Rhus radicans
ssp. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) McNeill;
Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rehder)
Greene; Rhus toxicodendron L. var. rydbergii
(Sm. ex Rydb.) Garrett)
Rhus typhina L.
MAPLE FAMILY
Amur Maple
Manitoba Maple
York
Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Simcoe
Striped Maple
Norway Maple
Red Maple
Durham, Simcoe, York
Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Black Maple Durham, Simcoe, York
Silver Maple
Sugar Maple Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Mountain Maple Durham, Simcoe, York
Hybrid Soft Maple Durham, Kawartha Lakes, York
WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY
Common Water-plantain Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Wedgeleaf Arrowhead Durham, Simcoe, York
Crested Arrowhead York
Common Arrowhead Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
AMARANTH FAMILY
Tumble Pigweed
Prostrate Pigweed
Simcoe, York
Simcoe
Green Pigweed
Durham, Simcoe
Redroot Pigweed
SUMAC FAMILY
Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
Fragrant Sumac
Smooth Sumac
Climbing Poison-ivy
Kawartha Lakes, York
Kawartha Lakes
Durham, Simcoe, York
Creeping Poison-ivy
Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Staghorn Sumac
Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
W Rhus vernix L. (Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Poison Sumac Durham, Simcoe, York I
Kuntze)
APIACEAE CARROT FAMILY
+ Aegopodium podagraria L. Goutweed Simcoe, York I
W Angelica atropurpurea L. Great Angelica Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. Cow Parsley Simcoe
Cicuta bulbifera L. Bulb-bearing Water-hemlock Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water-hemlock Simcoe, York
Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Honewort Simcoe, York I
+ Daucus carota L. Wild Carrot Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Heracleum lanatum Michx. (H. maximum Cow-parsnip York I
Bartram)
Hydrocotyle americana L. Marsh Pennywort Durham, Simcoe, York
Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke Wooly Sweet-cicely Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. Anise-root Simcoe, York
+ Pastinaca sativa L. Wild Parsnip Simcoe, York I
Sanicula marilandica L. Common Sanicle Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Sanicula odorata (Rat.) Pryer & Phillippe (S. Clustered Sanicle Simcoe, York
gregaria E.P. Bicknell) I
Sium suave Walter Water-parsnip Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude Yellow Pimpernel Simcoe I
W Zizia aurea (L.) Koch Golden Alexanders York
APOCYNACEAE DOGBANE FAMILY
Apocynum androsaemifolium L. ssp. Spreading Dogbane Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
androsaemifolium Simcoe, York
Apocynum cannabinum L. (incl. var. Indian Hemp Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
cannabinum and var. hypericifolium A. Gray (A. I
sibiricum Jacq.))
+ Vinca minor L. Common Periwinkle Simcoe, York
AQUIFOLIACEAE HOLLY FAMILY I
/lex verticillata (L.) A. Gray Winterberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loeske Mountain-holly Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
ARACEAE ARUM FAMILY
W Acorus americanus (Raf.) Rat. (A. calamus Sweetflag Durham, Simcoe, York
Quett.) I
Arisaema triphyIJum (L.) Schott ssp. triphyIJum Jack-in-the-pulpit Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Calla palustris L. Water Arum Durham, Simcoe, York I
W Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt. Skunk-cabbage Durham
ARALlACEAE GINSENG FAMILY
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla Simcoe
Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Aralia racemosa L. ssp. racemosa Spikenard Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
NE Panax quinquefolius L. American Ginseng Simcoe, York
I W Panax trifolius L. Dwarf Ginseng Simcoe, York
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE DUTCHMAN'S-PIPE FAMILY
Asarum canadense L. Wild Ginger Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
ASCLEPIADACEAE MILKWEED FAMILY
W Asclepias exaltata L. Poke Milkweed York
I + Asclepias incarnata L. ssp. incarnata Swamp Milkweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
W Asclepias tube rosa L. Butterfly-weed York
+ Cynanchum nigrum (L.) Pers. (Vincetoxicum Black Swallow-wort Simcoe
I nigrum L. Moench.)
+ Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopov) Borhidi Pale Swallow-wort Simcoe, York
(Cynanchum medium R. Br.; Vincetoxicum
rossicum (Kleopov) Barbar.)
I ASPLENIACEAE SPLEENWORT FAMILY
W Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes ex Eaton Ebony Spleenwort Simcoe, York
W Aspleniurn trichornanes L. ssp. quadriva/ens Maidenhair Spleenwort Kawartha Lakes
I D.E. Mey.
ASTERACEAE ASTER FAMILY
+ Achillea mille folium L. ssp. millefolium Common Yarrow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
(+) Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Common Ragweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I (+) Ambrosia trifida L. Giant Ragweed Simcoe
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. Pearly Everlasting Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
ex C.B. Clarke Simcoe, York
I Antennaria neglecta E. Greene Field Pussytoes Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Antennaria parlinii Fern. ssp.fallax (E. Greene) Plantain-leaved Pussytoes Simcoe, York
R.J. Bayer & Stebb. (A. plantaginifolia (L.)
I Richards; A. munda Fern.)
+ Anthemis arvensis L. Corn Chamomille Simcoe
+ Anthemis cotula L. Stinking Chamomille Simcoe
I + Anthemis tinctoria L. Yellow Chamomille Simcoe
+ Arctium lappa L. Great Burdock York, Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
+ Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ssp. minus Common Burdock Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
P Arnoglossum plantagineum Tuberous Indian-plantain Simcoe
+ Artemisia absinthium L. Absinth Simcoe
I
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
+ Artemisia biennis Wil/d. Biennial Wormwood Durham, Simcoe, York I
W Artemisia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Tall Wormwood Simcoe
H.M. Hal/ & Clements (A. caudata Michx.)
+ Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Dark-leaved Mugwort York I
W Aster borealis (Torr. & A. Gray) Provo (A. Rush Aster Durham, Simcoe, York
junciformis Rydb.)
W Aster ciliolatus Lindley Lindley's Aster Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Aster cordifolius L. Heart-leaved Aster Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Aster ericoides L. (Virgu/us ericoides (L.) Reveal Heath Aster Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
& Keen.) Simcoe, York
W Aster laevis L. var. laevis Smooth Aster Simcoe, York I
Aster lanceo/atus Wil/d. ssp. lanceolatus (A. Panicled Aster Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
simp/ex Wil/d.) Simcoe, York
Aster latent/orus (L.) Britton Calico Aster Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Aster macrophyl/us L. Large-leaved Aster Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Aster novae-angliae L. (Virgu/us novae-angliae New England Aster Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
(L.) Reveal & Keen.) Simcoe, York
W Aster ontarionis Wiegand Lake Ontario Aster York
W Aster oolentangiensis Riddell (A. azureus Lind!.) Sky-blue Aster Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York I
W Aster pilosus Wil/d. var. pilosus Hairy Aster Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Aster pilosus Wil/d. var. pringlei (A. Gray) Blake Pringle's Aster Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
Aster puniceus L. Purple-stemmed Aster Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Aster umbel/atus Mil/er Flat-topped Aster Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes,
Durham I
W Aster urophyl/us Lindl. (A. sagittifolius Arrow-leaved Aster Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
Wedenmeyer ex Wil/d.)
Aster X amethyst/nus Nutt. (A. ericoides X A. Amethyst Aster York I
novae-angliae)
+ Bel/is perennis L. English Daisy Simcoe
Bidens cernua L. Nodding Beggar-ticks Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Bidens discoideus (Torr. & A. Gray) Britton Small Beggar-ticks York, Kawartha Lakes, Durham
Bidens frondosus L. Devit's Beggar-ticks Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Bidens tripartitus L. (incl. B. comosus (A. Gray) Three-parted Beggar-ticks Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Wiegand, B. connatus Muhlenb. ex Willd.) Simcoe, York
W Bidens vulgatus Greene Tall Beggar-ticks Simcoe, York I
+ Carduus acanthoides L. Plumeless Thistle Durham, York
+ Carduus nutans L. ssp. nutans Nodding Thistle Simcoe
+ Centaurea cyanus L. Cornflower Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
+ Centaurea jacea L. Brown Knapweed York
+ Centaurea maculosa Lam. Spotted Knapweed Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Locatioll
+ Centaurea nigra L. Black Knapweed York
+ Centaurea scabiosa L. Scabious Knapweed Simcoe
+ Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Ox-eye Daisy Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
(Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.) Simcoe, York
+ Cichorium intybus L. Chicory Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Cirsium muticum Michx. Swamp Thistle Simcoe
I + Cirsium vulgare (Sa vi) Ten. Bull Thistle Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (Erigeron Horseweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
canadensis L.) Simcoe, York
I + Coreopsis lanceolata L. Lance-leaved Tickseed Simcoe
+ Crepis tectorum L. Narrow-leaved Hawk's Beard Simcoe, York
I + Echinops sphaerocephalus L. Common Globe-thistle Simcoe
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (Erigeron annus (L). Daisy Fleabane Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Pers. ssp. annuus) Simcoe, York
I Erigeron philadelphicus L. ssp. philadelphicus Philadelphia Fleabane Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Erigeron pulche/lus Michx. Robin's-plantain Simcoe, York
I Erigeron strigosus Muhlenb. ex Wil/d. (Erigeron Rough Fleabane Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
annuus (L).Pers. ssp. strigosus (Muhlenb. ex
Wi/ld.) wagenitz)
Eupatorium maculatum L. ssp. maculatum Spotted Joe-pye-weed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Eupatorium perfo/iatum L. Boneset Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. White Snakeroot Durham, Simcoe, York
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. (Solidago Grass-leaved Goldenrod Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
graminifo/ia (L.) Salisb.) Simcoe, York
I + Ga/insoga quadriradiata RtJiz Lopez & Pavon Hairy Galinsoga Simcoe, York
(G. ciliata (Raf.) SF Blake)
W Gnapha/ium obtusifolium L. Fragrant Cudweed Simcoe, York
+ Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Low Cudweed Simcoe
I + Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower Simcoe
W He/ianthus divaricatus L. Woodland Sunflower Kawartha Lakes
I + Helianthus giganteus L. Tall Sunflower Simcoe
+ He/ianthus paucif/orus Nutt. Sunflower York
(+) He/ianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke Simcoe, York
I W He/iopsis he/ianthoides (L.) Sweet Fake Sunflower Simcoe
+ Hieracium aurantiacum L. Orange Hawkweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Hieracium caespitosum Dum. ssp. caespitosum Field Hawkweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
(H. pratense Tausch) Simcoe, York
W Hieracium kalmii L. (H. canadense Michx.) Canada Hawkweed Simcoe
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
+ Hieracium lachenalii C.C. Gmel. (H. vulgatum Blotched Hawkweed Simcoe I
Fr.)
+ Hieracium pilosella L. Mouse-ear Hawkweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Hieracium pilosel/oides ViII. (H. fIorentinum All.) Smooth Hawkweed Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Hieracium scabrum Michx. Rough Hawkweed Simcoe
+ Inula helenium L. Elecampane Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern. Tall Blue Lettuce Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Lactuca canadensis L. Wild Lettuce Durham, Simcoe, York I
Lactuca hirsuta Muhlenb. ex Nutt. Hairy Wood Lettuce Simcoe
+ Lactuca saligna L. Willow-leaved Lettuce Simcoe I
+ Lactuca serriola L. (L. scariola L.) Prickly Lettuce Simcoe, York
+ Lapsana communis L. Nipplewort Simcoe
+ Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter Pineapple Weed Simcoe, York I
(Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.)
+ Matricaria recutita L. (M. chamomUla L.) False Chamomile Simcoe
W Megalodonta beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene Water-marigold Simcoe, York I
(Bidens beckii Torr. ex Spreng.)
W Petasites frigidus (L.) Fr. (P. palmatus (Aiton) A. Palmate-leaved Sweet-coltsfoot Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
Gray) I
Prenanthes alba L. Common White Lettuce Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
Prenanthes altissima L. Tall White Lettuce Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Rudbeckia hirta L. (R. serotina Nutt.) Black-eyed Susan Durham, Simcoe, York I
W Rudbeckia laciniata L. Cut-leaf Coneflower Simcoe
+ Rudbeckia triloba L. Thin-leaved Coneflower York I
W Senecio aureus L. Golden Ragwort Durham, Simcoe, York
W Senecio pauperculus Michaux Balsam Ragwort Kawartha Lakes
+ Senecio viscosus L. Sticky Groundsel York I
+ Senecio vulgaris L. Common Groundsel Simcoe, York
Solidago altissima L. Tall Goldenrod Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
P Solidago arguta Aiton var. arguta Sharp-leaved Goldenrod York
W Solidago bicolor L. Silver-rod York
Solidago caesia L. Blue-stem Goldenrod Durham, Simcoe, York I
Solidago canadensis L. Canada Goldenrod Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Solidago fIexicaulis L. Zig-zag Goldenrod Durham, Simcoe, York I
Solidago gigantea Aiton (S. serotina Aiton var. Late Goldenrod Durham, Simcoe, York
gigantea (Aiton) A. Gray)
W Solidago hispida Muhlenb. Hairy Goldenrod Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Solidago juncea Aiton Early Goldenrod Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
I Solidago nemoralis Aiton Gray Goldenrod Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Solidago patula Muhlenb. ex Willd. Rough-leaved Goldenrod Simcoe, York
I W Solidago ptarmicoides (Nees) B. Boivin (Aster Upland White Goldenrod Kawartha Lakes
ptarmicoides (Nees) Torr. & A. Gray)
Solidago rugosa Aiton ssp. rugosa Rough Goldenrod Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Solidago squarrosa Muhlenb. ex Nutt. Stout Goldenrod Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
W Solidago uliginosa Nutt. Bog Goldenrod Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Sonehus arvensis L. (ine/. ssp. arvensis and Perennial Sow-thistle Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
ssp. uliginosa (M. Bieb.) Nyman) Simcoe, York
+ Sonchus asper (L.) Hill ssp. asper Prickly Sow-thistle Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
I + Sonehus oleraeeus L. Common Sow-thistle Simcoe, York
+ Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sehultz-Bip. Common Feverfew Simcoe
(Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bemh.)
I + Tanacetum vulgare L. Common Tansy Simcoe, York
+ Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser Red-seeded Dandelion Kawartha Lakes, York
+ Taraxacum officinale G. Weber Common Dandelion Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Taraxacum palustre (Lyons) DC. (S. turfosum Marsh Dandelion Kawartha Lakes, York
(Sehulz-Bip.) Soest)
I + Tragopogon dubius Seop. Lemon-yellow Goat's-beard Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Tragopogon porrifolius L. Common Salsify York
I + Tragopogon pratensis L. ssp. pratensis Common Yellow Goat's-beard Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Tussilago farfara L. Coltsfoot Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Xanthium strumarium L. (incl. var. canadensis Tumor-curing Cocklebur Simcoe
(Miller) T. & G.)
AZOLLACEAE FLOATING FERN FAMILY
I P Azolla earoliniana Wi lid. Eastern Mosquito Fern York
BALSAMINACEAE TOUCH-ME-NOT FAMILY
Impatiens eapensis Meerb. (I. biflora Walter) Spotted Jewelweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Impatiens glandulifera Royle Himalayan Balsam Simcoe
W Impatiens pallida Nutt. Pale Jewelweed Durham, York
I BERBERIDACEAE BARBERRY FAMILY
+ Berberis aquifolium Pursh (Mahonia aquifolia Oregon-grape Simcoe
(pursh) Nutt.)
I + Berberis thunbergii DC. Japanese Barberry Simcoe, York
+ Berberis vulgaris L. Common Barberry Simcoe
Caulophyllum thalictroides(L.) Miehx. Blue Cohosh Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Podophyllum peltatum L. May-apple Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
BETULACEAE BIRCH FAMILY
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
+ Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Black Alder York I
Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Speckled Alder Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Clausen (A. rugosa Du Roi) Simcoe, York
Betula alleghaniensis Britton (B. lutea Michx. f.) Yellow Birch Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Betula papyrifera Marshall White Birch Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Betula pendula Roth European Weeping Birch Simcoe I
W Betula pumila L. (B. glandulifera (Regel) Swamp Birch Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Butler;B. glandulosa Michx. var. glandulifera Simcoe, York
(Regel) G/.) I
Betula X sandbergii Britton (B. papyrifera X B. Sandberg's Birch York
pumila)
Carpinus caroliniana Walter ssp. virginiana Blue-beech Durham, Simcoe, York I
(Marshall) Fern.
W Corylus americana Walter American Hazel York
Corylus cornuta Marshall ssp. comuta Beaked Hazel Durham, Simcoe, York I
Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch Ironwood Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
BORAGINACEAE BORAGE FAMILY I
+ Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. (Lycopsis Small Bugloss Simcoe
arvensis L.)
+ Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston Corn-gromwell Simcoe I
(Lithospermum arvense L.)
W Cynoglossum boreale Fern. Northern Wild Comfrey Simcoe, York
+ Cynoglossum officinale L. Hound's-tongue Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
+ Echium vulgare L. Viper's Bugloss Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz (H. americana Spurred Stickseed York
(A. Gray) Fem.) I
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnston Virginia Stickseed Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
+ Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. ssp. Two-row Stickseed Simcoe
squarrosa (L. echinata Gilib.; L. myosotis I
Moench)
+ Lithospermum officinale L. Common Gromwell Simcoe, York
+ Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill (M. scorpioides L. Field Forget-me-not Durham, York I
var. arvensis L.)
Myosotis laxa Lehm. Smaller Forget-me-not Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Myosotis scorpioides L. True Forget-me-not Durham, Simcoe, York I
+ Myosotis sylvatica H. Hoffm. Garden Forget-me-not Simcoe, York
+ Symphytum officinale L. ssp. officinale Common Comfrey Simcoe
BRASSICACEAE MUSTARD FAMILY I
+ Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (A. Garlic Mustard Durham, Simcoe, York
officinalis Andrz. ex M. Bieb.)
+ Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. Yellow Alyssum Simcoe, York I
+ Arabis alpina L. ssp caucasica (Schlecht. ex Alpine Rock-cress Simcoe
Willd.) Briq. (A. caucasica Schlecht. ex Willd.)
W Arabis divaricarpa A. Nelson Divaricate Rock-cress Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
I W Arabis g/abra (L.) Bernh. T owerRock-cress Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. ssp. pycnocarpa (M. Hairy Rock-cress Kawartha Lakes
I Hopk.) Hu/ten
W Arabis ho/boe//ii Hornem. var. secunda (Howell) Holboell's Rock-cress Simcoe
Jepson (A. secunda Howe//)
W Arabis laevigata (Muh/enb. ex Wi/Id.) Poir. Smooth Rock-cress Kawartha Lakes
I W Armoracia aquatica (Eaton) Britton (A. /acustris Lake Cress Simcoe
(A. Gray) A/-Shehbaz & V. Bates)
+ Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Common W inter Cress Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Hoary Alyssum Simcoe
+ Brassica rapa L. (B. campestris L.) Wild Turnip Simcoe
I + Came/ina rnicrocarpa Andrz. ex DC. Small-fruited False Flax Simcoe, York
+ Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Shepherd's-purse Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muh/enb.) Spring Cress Simcoe, York
B.S.P.
W Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein. Cut-leaved Toothwort Simcoe
I (Dentaria laciniata Muh/enb. ex Willd.)
Cardamine diphy//a (Michx.) A/ph. Wood Two-leaved Toothwort Durham, Simcoe, York
(Dentaria diphy/la Michx.)
I W Cardamine douglassii Britton Purple Cress Simcoe, York
+ Cardamine hirsuta L. Hairy Bitter Cress York
Cardamine pensylvanica Muh/enb. ex Willd. Pennsylvania Bitter Cress Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
W Cardamine pratensis L. Cuckoo-flower Simcoe, York
Cardamine X maxima (Nutt.) A/ph. Wood (C. Hybrid T oothwort Simcoe, York
I concatenata X C. diphylla; Dentaria X maxima
Nutt.)
+ Descurainia pinnata (Wa/ter) Britton ssp. Pinnate Tansy Mustard York
brachycarpa (Richardson) Det/.
I + Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prant/ Flixweed Simcoe
+ Dip/otaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. Slender-leaved Wall-rocket Simcoe
+ Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O. Schulz Dog Mustard Simcoe
I + Erysimum cheiranthoides L. ssp. cheirantholdes Wormseed Mustard Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Erysimum hieraciifo/ium L. Tall Wormseed Mustard Kawartha Lakes
I + Hesperis matronalis L. Dame's Rocket Simcoe, York
+ Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. Field Pepper-grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I (+) Lepidium densif/orum Schrad. Common Pepper-grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Lepidium virginicum L. Wild Pepper-grass Kawartha Lakes
I + Lobu/aria maritima (L.) Desv. Sweet Alyssum Simcoe
+ Lunaria annua L. Honesty Simcoe
+ Nasturtium microphyl/um (Boenn.) Reichb. (N. Small-leaved Water-cress Durham, Simcoe, Kawartha
I officinale R. Br. var. microphy//um Boenn.) Lakes, York
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Locatio1l I
+ Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. Yellow Ball Mustard Simcoe I
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (inc/. ssp. Marsh Yellow-cress Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
fernaldiana(Buttlers & Abbe) and ssp. hispida Simcoe, York
(Desv.) Jonsell; R. islandica (Oeder) Borbas I
var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe; R. islandica
(Oeder) Borbas var. hispida Desv.)
+ Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser Creeping Yellow-cress Simcoe
+ Sempervivum tectorum L. Hens-and-Chickens Simcoe I
+ Sinapis arvensis L. (Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Charlock Simcoe, York
Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler)
+ Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tumble-mustard Simcoe I
+ Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Hedge Mustard Simcoe
Sysimbrium officinale (L.) Scop. York I
+ Thlaspi arvense L. Field Penny Cress Simcoe, York
CAM PANULACEAE BLUEBELL OR BELLFLOWER
W Campanula aparinoides Pursh (inc/. C. uliginosa Marsh Bellflower Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Rydb.) Simcoe, York
+ Campanula persicifolia L. Peach-leaved Bellflower Simcoe
+ Campanula rapunculoides L. Creeping Bellflower Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York I
W Campanula rotundifolia L. Harebell Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
+ Campanula trachelium L. Nettle-leaved Bellflower Simcoe
Lobelia inflata L. Indian Tobacco Durham, Simcoe, York I
W Lobelia kalmii L. Kalm's Lobelia Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Lobelia siphilitica L. Great Lobelia Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Lobelia spicata Lam. Pale-spiked Lobelia Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
W Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuw/. (Specularia Venus' Looking-glass York I
perfoliata. (L.) A. DC.)
CANNABACEAE HEMP FAMILY
+ Cannabis sativa L. Marijuana Simcoe I
+ Humulus lupulus L. Common Hop Simcoe
CAPPARIDACEAE CAPER FAMILY
+ Cleome hassleriana Chodat (C. spinosa Jacq.) Spiderflower York I
W Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. Clammyweed Simcoe
CAPRIFOLlACEAE HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY
Diervilla lonicera Miller Bush-honeysuckle Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Linnaea borealis L. ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hulten Twinflower Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Lonicera canadensis Bartram Canada Fly Honeysuckle Durham, Simcoe, York
Lonicera dioica L. Glaucous Honeysuckle Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Lonicera hirsuta Eaton Hairy Honeysuckle Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook. Swamp Fly Honeysuckle Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
+ Lonicera tatarica L. Tartarian Honeysuckle Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. Mountain Fly Honeysuckle Durham, York
I + Lonicera X bella Zabel (L. tatarica XL. morrowii ) Bell's Honeysuckle Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Sambucus canadensis L. Common Elder Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Sambucus pubens Red-Berried Elder Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake var. albus Snowberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
W Triosteum aurantiacum E. P. Bicknell Wild Coffee Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Viburnum acerifolium L. Maple-leaved Viburnum Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Viburnum cassinoides L. Northern Wild-raisin Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Viburnum lantana L. Wayfaring Tree Simcoe, York
W Viburnum lantanoides Michx. (V. alnifolium Hobblebush Durham, Simcoe, York
Marshall)
I Viburnum lentago L. Nannyberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Viburnum opulus L. European Highbush-cranberry Durham, York
I W Viburnum rafinesquianum Schult. Downy Arrow-wood Kawartha Lakes
Viburnum trilobum Marshall (V. opulus L. var. American Highbush-cranberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
americanum (Miller) Aiton) Simcoe, York
I CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY
+ Agrostemma githago L. Corn-cockle Simcoe
+ Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Sandwort Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I + Cerastium arvense L. ssp. arvense Field Chickweed Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
+ Cerastium fontanum Baumg. (C. triviale Link, C. Mouse-ear Chickweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
vulgatum L.) Simcoe, York
I W Cerastium nutans Raf. (C. longipedunculatum Nodding Chickweed Kawartha Lakes
Muhlenb.)
+ Cerastium tomentosum L. Snow-in-summer Simcoe
I + Dianthus armeria L. Deptford Pink Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Dianthus deltoides L. Maiden Pink York
+ Herniaria glabra L. Smooth Rupturewort Simcoe
I + Lychnis chalcedonica L. Maltese-cross Simcoe
W Minuartia michauxii (Fenzl) Farw. (Arenaria Rock Sandwort Kawartha Lakes
stricta Michx.)
I + Saponaria officinalis L. Bouncing Bet Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes,
Durham, York
+ Scleranthus annuus L. Annual Knawel Simcoe
I W Silene antirrhina L. Sleepy Catchfly Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
+ Silene latitolia Poir. (S. alba (Miller) E.H. Evening Lychnis Simcoe, York I
Krause; S. pratensis (Rafn.) Godron & Gren.; S.
dioica (L.) Clairv.; Lychnis alba Mill. per Mort. &
Venn.)
+ Silene noctiflora L. Night-flowering Catchfly Simcoe, York I
+ Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (S. cucubalus Bladder Campion Simcoe, Durham, Kawartha
Wi bel; S. latifolia (Mill) Britton & Rend/e) Lakes, York
+ Spergu/a arvensis L. Corn Spurrey Durham, Simcoe, York I
+ Stellaria graminea L. Grass-leaved Stitchwort Simcoe, York
W Stellaria longitolia Muhlenb. ex Willd. Long-leaved Stichwort Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
+ Stellaria media (L.) ViII. Common Chickweed Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
CELASTRACEAE STAFF-TREE FAMILY
+ Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Oriental Bittersweet Simcoe I
Celastrus scandens L. Climbing Bittersweet Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold Winged Spindle Tree York I
W Euonymus obovata Nutt. (E. obovatus Nutt.) Running Strawberry-bush Simcoe
CERATOPHYLLACEAE HORNWORT FAMILY
Ceratophyllum demersum L. Common Coontail Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
CHENOPODIACEAE GOOSEFOOT FAMILY
(+) Atriplex patula L. Spearscale Simcoe, York I
(+) Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. (Atriplex Spear-leaved Orache Simcoe
patula L. var. hastata (L.) A. Gray)
+ Chenopodium a/bum L. Lamb's-quarters Durham, Simcoe, York I
+ Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Good King Henry Simcoe, York
W Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Asch. Strawberry-blite Simcoe
P Chenopodium foggii Fogg's Goosefoot Simcoe I
+ Chenopodium glaucum L. (incL ssp. salinum Oak-leaved Goosefoot Simcoe, York
(Standley) Aellen and ssp. glaucum)
(+) Chenopodium rubrum L. Red Goosefoot Simcoe, York I
W Chenopodium simp/ex (Torr.) Rat. (C. Maple-leaved Goosefoot Simcoe, York
gigantospermum (Aellen); C. hybridum L.)
+ Cyc/%ma atriplicitolium (Spreng.) J. Coult. Winged Pigweed Simcoe I
+ Kochia scoparia (L.) Roth ex Schrad. Summer Cypress Simcoe
+ Salsola tragus L. (Sa/so/a kali L. ssp. ruthenica Russian Thistle Simcoe
(/ijin) Soo; S. pestiter Nelson) I
CIST ACEAE ROCK-ROSE FAMILY
W Helianthemum bicknellii Fern. Bicknell's Frostweed York
W Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx. Long-branched Frostweed Simcoe, York I
W Lechea intermedia Legg. Intermediate Pinweed Simcoe, York
CONVOL VULACEAE MORNING-GLORY FAMILY
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. (Convolvulus Hedge Bindweed Simcoe, York I
sepium L.)
W Calystegia spithamaea (L.) Pursh ssp. Low Bindweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
spithamaea (Convolvulus spithamaeus L.) Simcoe, York I
I
I
I Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
I + Convolvulus arvensis L. Field Bindweed Simcoe, York
Convolvulus spithamaea Low Bindweed Durham
Cuscuta gronovii Willd, ex. Schultz Swamp Dodder Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Common Morning-glory Simcoe
CORNACEAE DOGWOOD FAMILY
I Comus altemifolia Lt. Alternate-leaved Dogwood Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Comus amomum Miller ssp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S. Silky Dogwood Simcoe, York
I Wilson (C. obliqua Rat.; C. purpusii Koehne)
Comus canadensis L. Bunchberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Comus foemina Miller ssp. racemosa (Lam.) Grey Dogwood Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
J.S. Wilson (C. racemosa Lam.) Simcoe, York
Camus rugosa Lam. Round-leaved Dogwood Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
I Comus stolonifera Michx. Red-osier Dogwood Durham, Kawartha Lakes.
Simcoe. York
CRASSULACEAE STONECROP FAMILY
I + Sedum acre L. Mossy Stonecrop Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
+ Sedum telephium L. ssp. fabaria (Koch) Kirsch/. Live-forever Simcoe, York
CRUCIFERAE MUSTARD FAMILY
I W Arabis /yrata L. Lyre-leaved Rock-cress Kawartha Lakes
W Cardamine parviflora L. (C. hirsuta L. var. Small-flowered Bitter Cress Kawartha Lakes
sy/vatica (Link) A. Gray)
I W Draba nemorosa L. Whitlow-grass Kawartha Lakes
CRUSIFERAE MUSTARD FAMILY
W Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. (Arabis reptans Carolina Whitlow-grass Kawartha Lakes
I Lam.)
CUCURBIT ACEAE GOURD FAMILY
Echinocystis /obata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray Wild Cucumber Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I W Sicyos angu/atus L. One-seeded Bur-cucumber Simcoe
+ Thladiantha dubia Bunge Goldencreeper Simcoe
I CUPRESSACEAE CEDAR FAMILY
Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh Common Juniper Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes,
Durham, York
I Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Durham, Simcoe, York
Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern White Cedar Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
CYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY
I Carex a/bursina E. She/d. (C. /axiflora Lam. var. White-bear Sedge Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
latifolia Boott)
W Carex a/opecoidea Tuckerm. Foxtail Sedge Durham. Simcoe. York
I Carex aquatllis Wah/enb. Aquatic Sedge Durham. Kawartha Lakes.
Simcoe, York
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
Carex arctata Boott Compressed Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Carex atherodes Spreng. Awned Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Carex aurea Nutt. Golden Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Carex backii Boott Back's Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Carex bebbii (L.H. Bailey) Olney ex Fern. Bebb's Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Carex blanda Dewey (C. laxiflora Lam. var. CommonWood Sedge Simcoe, York I
blanda (Dewey) Boott)
W Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell Short-headed Sedge Simcoe
W Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. Brome-like Sedge Simcoe, York I
W Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Pair. ex Lam. ssp. Brownish Sedge Simcoe, York
brunnescens
W Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. Dark-scaled Sedge Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
W Carex canescens L. ssp. canescens (C. curta Silvery Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Good) Simcoe, York
P Carex careyana Torr. ex Dewey Carey's Sedge York I
W Carex castanea Wahlenb. Chestnut Sedge Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
W Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey Thin-leaved Sedge Simcoe
W Carex cephalophora Muhlenb. ex Willd. Oval-headed Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York I
W Carex chordoffhiza Ehrh. ex L.t. Creeping Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
Carex communis L.H. Bailey Fibrous Rooted Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
Carex comosa Boott Bristly Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Carex crawei Dewey (C. heterostachya Torr.) Crawe's Sedge Kawartha Lakes
Carex crinita Lam. Fringed Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Carex cristatella Britton Crested Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Carex cryptolepis Mack. Small Yellow Sedge Durham, York
Carex deb/lis Michx. var. rudgei L.H. Bailey (C. White Edged Sedge Simcoe
tlexuosa Muhlenb. ex Willd.) I
Carex deweyana Schwein. Dewey's Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Carex diandra Schrank Lesser Panicled Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Carex disperma Dewey Two-seeded Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Carex divulsa Stokes ssp. divulsa Separated Sedge Kawartha Lakes I
W Carex eburnea Boott Bristle-leaved Sedge Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Carex echlnata Murray ssp. echinata (C. Little Prickly Sedge Durham, York
cephalantha (L.H. Bailey) E.P. Bicknell; C. I
muricata L. var. cephalantha (L.H. Bailey)
Wiegand & Eames)
+ Carex fIacca Schreb. Heath Sedge Simcoe I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
Carex flava L. Yellow Sedge Durham. Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
W Carex foenea Wi lid. (C. aenea Fern.) Bronzy Sedge Simcoe
P Carex forrnosa Dewey Handsome Sedge Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
Carex gracillirna Schwein. Graceful Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Carex granularis Muhlenb. ex Willd. Meadow Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
W Carex grayi Carey Gray's Sedge York
I W Carex grisea Wahlenb. (C. amphibola Steud. Wood Gray Sedge Simcoe
var. turgida Fern.)
W Carex gynandra Schwein. Nodding Sedge Kawartha Lakes
I W Carex gynocrates Wormsk ex Drejer Northern Bog Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Carex hirta L. Hammer Sedge Simcoe
Carex hirtifo/ia Mack. Pubescent Sedge Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I Carex hitchcockiana Dewey Hitchcock's Sedge Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Carex houghtoniana Torr. ex Dewey Houghton's Sedge Simcoe
Carex hystericina Muhlenb. ex Willd. Porcupine Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Carex interior L.H. Bailey Inland Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Carex intumescens Rudge Bladder Sedge Durham. Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Carex lacustris Willd. Lake Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes.
Simcoe. York
I W Carex laevivaginata (Kiikenth.) Mack. Smooth-sheathed Sedge Simcoe. York
W Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. Slender Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Carex laxiflora Lam. Loose-flowered Sedge Simcoe. York
Carex leptalea Wahlenb. ssp. leptalea Bristle-stalked Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Carex leptonervia (Fern.) Fern. Finely-nerved Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Carex limosa L. Mud Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
I W Carex /ivida (Wahlenb.) Willd. Livid Sedge Simcoe, York
Carex lupu/ina Muhlenb. ex Willd. Hop Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
W Carex lurida Wahlenb. Sallow Sedge Simcoe
I W Carex magellanica Lam. ssp. irrigua (Wahlenb.) Stunted Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Hiit (C. paupercula Michx.) Simcoe. York
W Carex merritt-fernaldii Mack. Merritt Fernald's Sedge Kawartha Lakes, Durham
I Carex molesta Mack. (C. brevior (Dewey) Mack. Troublesome Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
ex Lunnell var. molesta (Mack.) Gates) Simcoe, York
W Carex muhlenbergii Schkuhr ex Wi lid. var. Muhlenberg's Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
I muhlenbergii
W Carex o/igosperma Michx. Few-seeded Sedge Kawartha Lakes, Durham
W Carex ormostachya Wiegand (C. laxif/ora Lam. Necklace-like Spiked Sedge Simcoe
I var. ormostachya (Wiegand) Gleason)
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
w Carex pallescens L. Pale Sedge Simcoe, York I
W Carex pauciflora Lightf. Few-flowered Sedge Durham
Carex peckii Howe Peck's Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Carex pedunculata Muhlenb. ex Willd. Peduncled Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Carex pellita Willd. (C. lanuginosa Michx.) Woolly Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Carex pensylvanica Lam. Pennsylvania Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Carex plantaginea Lam. Plantain-leaved Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Carex platyphylla J. Carey Broad-leaved Sedge Simcoe, York
+ Carex praegracilis W. Boott Expressway Sedge Simcoe I
W Carex prairea Dewey Prairie Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Carex projecta Mack. Necklace Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Carex pseudo-cyperus L. Cyperus-like Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small (C. rosea auct.) Straight-styled Wood Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Carex retrorsa Schwein. Retrorse Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Carex richardsonii R.Br. Richardson's Sedge Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd (C. convoluta Curly-styled Wood Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Mack.) Simcoe, York
W Carex sartwellii Dewey Sartwell's Sedge Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
Carex scabrata Schwein. Rough Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York I
P Carex schweinitzii Dewey ex Schwein. Schweinitz's Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
W Carex scoparia Schkuhr. ex Willd. Broom Sedge Simcoe
W Carex siccata Dewey (C. (oenea Wild) Hay Sedge Simcoe, York I
Carex sparaganioidies Muhlenb. ex Willd. Burreed Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Carex spicata Hudson Spiked Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng. Spengel's Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Carex sterilis Willd. Sterile Sedge Durham, Simcoe I
Carex stipata Muhlenb. ex Willd. Awl-fruited Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Carex stricta Lam. Tussock Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Carex sylvatica Hudson Woodland Sedge Simcoe
Carex tenera Dewey Slender-headed Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
W Carex tenuiflora Wahlenb. Sparse.flowered Sedge York I
W Carex tonsa (Fern.) Bicknell var. rugosperma Red-seeded Sedge Simcoe, York
(Mack.) Crins (C. rugosperma Mack.)
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
W Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. Blunt Broom Sedge Durham
D,Y Carex trisperma var. trisperma Dewey Three-fruited Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Carex tuckermanii Dewey Tuckerman's Sedge Durham, Simcoe, York
W Carex umbellata Schkuhr. Umbel-like Sedge Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
Carex utriculata Boott (C. rostrata Stokes var. Beaked Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
utriculata (Boott) L.H. Bailey) Simcoe, York
W Carex vaginata Tausch Sheathed Sedge Simcoe
W Carex vesicaria L. Inflated Sedge Durham, Simcoe
I W Carex viridula Michx. ssp. viridula Greenish Sedge Simcoe
Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Fox Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Carex woodii Dewey (C. tetanica Schkuhr var. Wood's Sedge Simcoe, York
woodii (Dewey) Wood)
W Cladium mariscoides (Muhlenb.) Torr. Twig-rush Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I W Cyperus bipartitus Torr. (C. rivularis Kunth) River Cyperus Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Cyperus esculentus L. Yellow Umbrella Sedge Simcoe
p Cyperus houghtonii Torr. Houghton's Cyperus Simcoe, York
I W Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks (incl. ssp. Slender Cyperus Durham, Simcoe, York
lupulinus and ssp. macilentus (Fern.)
Marcks)(C. filiculmis)
I W Cyperus odoratus L. (C. engelmannii Steud.; C. Fragrant Umbrella Sedge Simcoe, York
ferruginescens Boeckl.)
D Cyperus strigosus L. Straw-colored Umbrella Sedge Simcoe
I Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton Three-way Sedge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roemer & J.A. Least Spike-rush Durham, York
Schultes
I W Eleocharis compressa Sull. (E. acuminata Flat-stemmed Spike Rush Kawartha Lakes
(Muhlenb.) Nees)
W Eleocharis elliptica Kunth (E. tenuis (Willd.) Elliptic Spike-rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Schult. var. borealis (Svenson) Gleason) Simcoe, York
Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. (E. calva Torr.) Red-stemmed Spike-rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Eleocharis intermedia Schult. Intermediate Spike-rush Simcoe
Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. Blunt Spike-rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
S3 Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torr. Beaked Spike-rush Simcoe
I Eleocharis smallii Britton (E. palustris (L.) Small's Spike-rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Roem. & Schult.) Simcoe, York
W Eriophorum angustifolium Honck Tall Cotton-grass Durham
I W Eriophorum gracile Koch ex Roth Slender Cotton-grass Simcoe, York
W Eriophorum vagina turn L. ssp. spissum (Fern.) Dense Cotton-grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes
Hulten (E. spissum Fern.)
I W Eriophorum virginicum L. Tawny Cotton-grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes, York
W Eriophorum viridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Fern. Thin-leaved Cotton-grass Simcoe, York
W Rhynchospora alba (L.) M. Vahl White Beaked-rush Durham, Simcoe, York
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
W Rhynchospora capillacea Torr. Capillary Beaked-rush Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes I
W Scirpus acutus Muhlenb. ex Bigelow Hard-stemmed Bulrush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Black Bulrush Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
p Scirpus clintonii A. Gray Clinton's Club-rush Simcoe
Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth Wool-grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Scirpus fIuviati/is (Torr.) A. Gray River Bulrush Durham, Simcoe, York
W Scirpus hudsonianus (Michx.) Fem Hudson Bay Bulrush Durham, Simcoe, York I
(Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers.)
Scirpus microcarpus C. Presl (S. rubrotinctus Red-sheathed Bulrush Durham, Simcoe, York
Fem.)
Scirpus pendulus Muhlenb. ex Willd. Lined Bulrush Simcoe, York I
W Scirpus pungens M. Vahl (S. americanus Pers. Common Three-square Simcoe, York
var. longispicatus Britton)
Scirpus validus Vahl. Softstem Bulrush Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
DENNST AEDTIACEAE BRACKEN FAMIL V
W Dennstaedtia puncti/obula (Michx.) T. Moore Hay-scented Fern Simcoe, York I
Pteridium aqui/inum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum Eastern Bracken Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
(Des v.) L. Underw. ex A. Heller Simcoe, York
DIPSACACEAE TEASEL FAMIL V I
+ Dipsacus tullonum L. ssp. sylvestris (Hudson) Wild Teasel Simcoe, York
Clapham (D. sylvestris Hudson)
DROSERACEAE SUNDEW FAMIL V I
w Drosera intermedia Hayne Spatulate-leaved Sundew Simcoe, York
W Drosera linearis Goldie Linear-leaved Sundew York
W Drosera rotunditolia L. Round-leaved Sundew Durham, Simcoe, York I
DRVOPTERIDACEAE WOOD FERN FAMIL V
Athyrium tilix-temina (L.) Roth ex Mert. var. Northern Lady Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
angustum (Willd.) G. Lawson (A. angustum Simcoe, York
(Willd.) C. Presl)
Athyrium thelypterioides Silvery Glad Fern Durham, Simcoe, York
Cystopteris bulbitera (L.) Bernh. Bulblet Fem Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Cystopteris tragi/is (L.) Bernh. Northern Fragile Fern Simcoe, York
Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv. (C. tragi/is (L.) Mackay's Fragile Fem Simcoe, York I
Bernh. var. mackayi G. Lawson)
Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) M. Kato (Athyrium Silvery Glade Fern Durham, Simcoe, York
thelypterioides (Michx.) Desv.) I
W Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) M. Broun Glade Fern York
(Athyrium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Tidestr.)
Dryopteris carthusiana (ViII.) H.P. Fuchs (D. Spinulose Wood Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar var. spinulosa (O.F. Simcoe, York I
Mueller) Fiori; D. spinulosa (O.F. Mueller) Watt)
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
I Dryopteris clintoniana (D.C. Eaton) Dowell (D. Clinton's Wood Fern Simcoe, York
cristata (L.) A. Gray var. clintoniana (D.C.
Eaton) L. Underw.)
I Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray Crested Wood Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A. Gray Goldie's Fern Simcoe, York
I Dryopteris intermedia (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) A. Evergreen Wood Fern Durharn, Kawartha Lakes,
Gray (D. austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar var. Sirncoe, York
intermedia (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) Morton; D.
spinulosa (O.F. Mueller) Watt var. intermedia
(Muhlenb. ex Willd.) L. Underw.)
I Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray Marginal Wood Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Dryopteris X boottii (Tuckerman) L. Underw. (D. Boott's Shield Fern York
I intermedia X D. cristata)
Dryopteris X burgessii B. Boivin (D. clintoniana Burgess Wood Fern Simcoe
X D. marginalis)
I Dryopteris X triploidea Wherry (D. intermedia X Triploid Wood Fern York
D. carthusiana ; D. austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar
var. fructuosa (Gilb.) Morton; D. spinulosa (OF.
Mueller) Watt. var. fructuosa (Gilb.) Trudell)
I Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman Oak Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
(Dryopteris disjuncta (Rupr.) C. V. Morton) Simcoe, York
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. var. Ostrich Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I pensylvanica (Willd.) C. V. Morton (Pteretis Simcoe, York
pensy/vanica (Willd.) Fern.)
Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott Christmas Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
ELAEAGNACEAE ELAEAGNACEAE
I W Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Canada Soapberry Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
EQUISET ACEAE HORSETAIL FAMILY
Equisetum arvense L. Field Horsetail Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Equisetum fluviatile L. Water Horsetail Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Equisetum hyemale L. ssp. affine (Engelm.) Tall Scouring-rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Calder & Taylor Simcoe, York
W Equisetum palustre L. Marsh Horsetail Durham, Simcoe
I W Equisetum pratense Ehrh. Meadow Horsetail Simcoe, York
Equisetum scirpoides Michx. Dwarf Scouring-rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Equisetum sy/vaticum L. Woodland Horsetail Durham, Simcoe, York
I Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex. Weber & Variegated Scouring-rush Durham, Simcoe, York
Mohr ssp. variegatum
Equisetum X mackaii (Newman) Brichan (E. Mack's Scouring-rush Simcoe
I hyemale X E. variegatum ssp. variegatum; E. X
trachydon A. Braun)
ERICACEAE HEATH FAMILY
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
W Andromeda politolia L. ssp. glaucophylla (Link) Bog Rosemary Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Hulten (A. glaucophylla Link) Simcoe, York
W Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Common Bearberry Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench Leatherleaf Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Epigaea repens L. Trailing Arbutus Durham, Simcoe, York
W Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhlenb. ex Bigelow Creeping Snowberry Durham, Simcoe, York I
Gaultheria procumbens L. Wintergreen Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch Black Huckleberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Kalmia angustitolia L. Sheep Laurel Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Kalmia politolia Wangenh. Bog Laurel Durham, Kawartha Lakes, York
W Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Labrador-tea Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton Lowbush Blueberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton Large Cranberry Durham, Simcoe, York
W Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. Velvet-leaf Blueberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry Durham, Simcoe, York
EUPHORBIACEAE SPURGE FAMILY I
(+) Acalypha virginica L. var. rhomboidea (Rat.) Three.seeded Mercury Simcoe, York
Cooperrider (A. rhomboidea Raf.)
+ Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small Ridge-seeded Spurge Simcoe, York I
(Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.)
+ Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small (Euphorbia Spotted Spurge Simcoe, York
maculata L.; E. supina (Rat.) Mold.) I
(+) Chamaesyce vermiculata Rat. House Hairy Spurge Simcoe
(Euphorbia vermiculata (Rat.)
W Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge York I
+ Euphorbia cyparissias L. Cypress Spurge Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Euphorbia esula L. Leafy Spurge Simcoe
+ Euphorbia marginata Pursh Snow-on-the-mountain Spurge Simcoe I
+ Euphorbia peplus L. Petty Spurge Simcoe
FABACEAE PEA FAMILY I
Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. Hog Peanut Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Apios americana Medik. Groundnut Simcoe, York I
W Astragalus canadensis L. Canada Milkvetch Kawartha Lakes
P Astragalus neglectus (Torr. & A. Gray) E. Sheld Cooper's Milkvetch Kawartha Lakes
Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. Showy Tick-trefoil Durham, Simcoe, York I
Desmodium glutinosum (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) Pointed-leaved Tick-trefoil Durham, Simcoe, York
Alph. Wood
W Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil York I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
l Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. dillenii Dillen's Panicled Tick-trefoil Simcoe
(Darl.) Isley (D. dillenii Darl.)
W Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. Panicled Tick-trefoil Simcoe
I paniculatum
+ Lathyrus latitolius L. Broad-leaved Everlasting Pea Simcoe
Lathyrus palustris L. Marsh Vetchling Simcoe, York
I W Lespedeza capitata Michx. Round-headed Bush-clover Simcoe
W Lespedeza intermedia (S. Watson) Britton Wand-like Bush-clover Simcoe
+ Lotus comiculatus L. Bird's-foot Trefoil Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Garden Lupine Simcoe
+ Medicago lupulina L. Black Medick Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Medicago sativa L. ssp. talcata (L.) Arcang. (M. Alfalfa Simcoe
talca ta L.)
+ Medicago sativa L. ssp. sativa Durham, Simcoe, York
I + Melilotus alba Medik. White Sweet-clover Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. Yellow Sweet-clover Durham, Simcoe, York
I + Robinia pseudo-acacia L. Black Locust Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Robinia viscosa Vent. ex Vauq. Clammy Locust Simcoe
I + Trifolium aureum Pollich (T. agrarium L.) Yellow Clover Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
+ Trifolium campestre Schreb. (T. procumbens L.) Low Hop Clover York
+ Trifolium hybridum L. ssp. elegans (Sa vi) Asch. Alsike Clover Simcoe, York
I & Graebn.
+ Trifolium pratense L. Red Clover Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Trifolium repens L. White Clover Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Vicia cracca L. Cow Vetch Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Vicia sativa L. ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (V. Spring Vetch Simcoe, York
angustifolia Reich.; V. sativa L. var. angustifolia
(L.) Wahlenb.)
I + Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. Slender Vetch Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes,
Durham, York
+ Vicia viJlosa Roth Hairy Vetch Simcoe
FAGACEAE BEECH FAMILY
I Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Quercus alba L. White Oak Simcoe, York
I Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
+ Quercus robur L. English Oak Simcoe
I Quercus rubra L. (Q. borealis Michx. f.) Red Oak Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
FUMARIACEAE FUMITORY FAMILY
I W Corydalis aurea Willd.ssp. aurea Golden Corydalis Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. Squirrel-corn Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe. York
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. Dutchman's-breeches Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
GENTIANACEAE GENTIAN FAMILY I
W Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian Simcoe. York
W Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma (Gentiana Fringed Gentian Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
crinita Froel.; Gentianella crinita (Froel.) G. Don) Simcoe, York I
GERANIACEAE GERANIUM FAMILY
W Geranium bicknellii Britton Bicknell's Crane's-bill Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
W Geranium carolinianum Fern. Carolina Crane's-bill Kawartha Lakes I
W Geranium maculatum L. Wild Geranium Durham. Simcoe, York
+ Geranium pusillum L. Small-flowered Crane's-bill Simcoe I
+ Geranium robertianum L. Herb Robert Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Geranium sanguineum L. Bloody Crane's-bill Simcoe I
GROSSULARIACEAE GOOSEBERRY FAMILY
+ Ribes alpinum L. Alpine Currant York
Ribes americanum Miller Wild Black Currant Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Ribes cynosbati L. Prickly Gooseberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
W Ribes glandulosum Grauer Skunk Currant Durham. Simcoe. York I
W Ribes hirtellum Michx. (R. oxyacanthoides L. Smooth Gooseberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
var. hirtellum (Michx.) Scoggan) Simcoe, York
W Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Swamp Black Currant Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
+ Ribes rubrum L. (R. sylvestre (Lam.) Mert. & Red Currant Durham. Simcoe, York
Koch; R. sativum (Reichenb.) Syme) I
Ribes triste Pall. Swamp Red Currant Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
GUTTIFERAE ST. JOHN'S-WORT FAMILY I
W Hypericum ascyron L. (H. pyramidatum Aiton) Great St. John's-wort Durham, Simcoe
W Hypericum majus (A. Gray) Britton Larger Canadian St. John's-wort Durham, Simcoe
+ Hypericum perforatum L. Common St. John's-wort Durham. Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Hypericum punctatum Lam. Spotted St. John's-wort Simcoe, York
Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason (Hypericum Marsh St. John's-wort Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
virginicum L. var. fraseri (Spach) Fern) Simcoe, York
HALORAGACEAE WATER-MILFOIL FAMILY
W Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom. (M. exalbescens Pale Water-milfoil Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Fern.) Simcoe, York
+ Myriophyllum spicatum L. Eurasian Water-milfoil Durham, York
W Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Whorled Water-milfoil Durham, Simcoe, York I
HAMAMELIDACEAE WITCH-HAZEL FAMILY
W Hamamelis virginiana L. Witch-hazel York
HIPPOCAST ANACEAE BUCKEYE FAMILY I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
i + Aesculus hippocastanum L. Horse Chestnut Simcoe
HIPPURIDACEAE MARE'S-TAIL FAMILY
I W Hippuris vulgaris L. Common Mare's-tail York
HYDROCHARIT ACEAE FROG'S-BIT FAMILY
Elodea canadensis Rich. ex Michx. (Anacharis Canada Waterweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I canadensis (Rich. ex Michx.) Planchon) Simcoe, York
W Elodea nuttallii (Planchon) H. St. John Nuttall's Water-weed Durham, York
+ Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Frog's-bit Kawartha Lakes
I Vallisneria americana Michx. Tape-grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
HYDROPHYLLACEAE WATER-LEAF FAMILY
I W Hydrophyllum canadense L. Canada Water-leaf Simcoe, York
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Virginia Water-leaf Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I IRIDACEAE IRIS FAMILY
+ Iris germanica L. German Iris Simcoe, York
+ Iris pseudacorus L. Yellow Iris Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I Iris versicolor L. Larger Blue-flag Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Sisyrinchium montanum Greene Little Blue-eyed Grass Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I JUGLANDACEAE WALNUT FAMILY
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch Bitternut Hickory Durham, Simcoe, York
Juglans cinerea L. Butternut Durham, Simcoe, York
I W Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut Simcoe, York
JUNCACEAE RUSH FAMILY
W Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix. (J. alpinus ViII.) Richardson's Rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Juncus articulatus L. Jointed Rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Juncus balticus Willd. Baltic Rush Simcoe
W Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. Small-headed Rush Durham
W Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. Short-tailed Rush Simcoe, York
I Juncus bufonius L. Toad Rush Simcoe, York
W Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe Canada Rush Simcoe, York
I + Juncus compressus Jacq. Compressed Rush Simcoe, York
Juncus dudleyi Wiegelb. Dudley's Rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Juncus effusus L. ssp. solutus (Fem. & Soft Rush Durham, Simcoe, York
I Wiegand) Hamet-Ahti (J. effusus L. var. solutus
Fern. & Wiegand)
Juncus inflexus L. (J. glaucus Ehrh.) Incurved Rush Simcoe
I Juncus nodosus L. Knotted Rush Durham, Simcoe, York
p Juncus secundus P. Beauv. ex. Poir. (J. tenuis Secund Rush Kawartha Lakes
Willd. var. secundus Engelm.)
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
Juncus tenuis Willd. Path Rush Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Juncus torreyi Gov. Torrey's Rush Simcoe, York
W Luzula acuminata Rat. Hairy W oodrush Simcoe I
JUNCAGINACEAE ARROW-GRASS FAMILY
Triglochin maritimum L. Seaside Arrow-grass Durham, Simcoe, York
Triglochin palustre L. Marsh Arrow-grass Durham, York I
LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE) MINT FAMILY
+ Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy (Satureja acinos Basil Thyme Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe I
(L.) Scheele)
+ Ajuga reptans L. Creeping Bugleweed Simcoe
Galamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shin Wild Calamint Simcoe I
Glinopodium vulgare L. (Satureja vulgaris (L.) Wild Basil Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Fritsch) Simcoe, York
W Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. American Dragonhead Simcoe
+ Galeopsis tetrahit L. Common Hemp-nettle Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York I
+ Glechoma hederacea L. Ground Ivy Durham, Simcoe, York
W Hedeoma hispidum Pursh (H. hispida Pursh) Rough Pennyroyal Kawartha Lakes, York I
W Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. American Pennyroyal Kawartha Lakes
+ Lamium amplexicaule L. Henbit York
+ Leonurus cardiaca L. ssp. cardiaca Common Motherwort Durham, Simcoe, York I
Lycopus americanus Muhlenb. ex Bartram American Water-horehound Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Lycopus europaeus L. European Water-horehound Durham, Simcoe, York I
Lycopus uniflorus Michx. Northern Water-horehound Durham, Simcoe, York
Mentha arvensis L. Field Mint Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Mentha spicata L. Spear Mint Simcoe
+ Mentha Xpiperita L (M. aquatica X M. spicata; Pepper Mint Durham, Simcoe, York
M. Xcitrata Ehrh.) I
P Monarda didyma L. Oswego-tea York
Monarda fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Nepeta cataria L. Catnip Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Origanum vulgare L. Wild Marjoram Simcoe I
W Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. ssp.virginiana False Dragonhead Simcoe, York
(+) Prunella vulgaris L. (incl. ssp. lanceolata (W. G. Heal-all Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Barton) Hulten and ssp. vulgaris) Simcoe, York I
W Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) Durand & Virginia Mountain-mint Simcoe, York
Jackson ex Fern. & Robinson
+ Satureja vulgaris Basil Durham, York
Scutellaria galericulata L. (S. epilobiitolia A. Marsh Skullcap Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Ham.) Simcoe, York
Scutellaria laterif/ora L. Mad-dog Skullcap Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. parvula Small Skullcap Kawartha Lakes
W Stachys palustris L. Marsh Hedge-nettle Simcoe, York
W Teucrium canadense L. ssp. canadense Wood Germander Simcoe, York
t + Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. arcticus (E. Durand) Creeping Thyme Simcoe
Jalas (T. serpyllum L. var. arcticus E. Durand)
Trichostema brachiatum L. (lsanthus brachiatus False Pennyroyal Kawartha Lakes
I (L.) B.SP.)
LEMNACEAE DUCKWEED FAMILY
Lemna minor L. Common Duckweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
t Simcoe, York
Lemna trisulca L. Star Duckweed Durham, Simcoe, York
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Greater Duckweed Durham, Simcoe, York
I W Wolffia borealis (Engelm.) Landolt (w. punctata Northern Water-meal Simcoe, York
Griseb.)
W Wolffia columbiana Karst. (W. arrhiza (L.) Horkel Columbia Water-meal Simcoe, York
t ex Wimmer)
LENTIBULARIACEAE BLADDERWORT FAMILY
W Utricularia intermedia Hayne Flat-leaved Bladderwort Durham, Simcoe, York
I W Utricularia minor L. Small Bladderwort Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Utricularia vulgaris L. Common Bladderwort Durham, Simcoe, York
I LILlACEAE LILY FAMILY
W Allium canadense L. var. canadense Canada Wild Onion Kawartha Lakes
+ Allium sativum L. Garden Garlic Simcoe
I + Allium schoenoprasum L. var. schoenoprasum Chives Simcoe
Allium tricoccum Aiton Wild Leek Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Asparagus officinalis L. Garden Asparagus Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Rat. Bluebead-liIy Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Convallaria majalis L. lily-of-the-valley Durham, Simcoe, York
Erythronium americanum Ker. Gawler ssp. Yellow Trout-lily Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I americanum Simcoe, York
+ Galanthus nivalis L. Snowdrop Simcoe
+ Hemerocallis tulva (L.) L. Orange Day-lily Simcoe, York
I + Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. (H. flava (L.) L.) Yellow Day-lily Simcoe
Lilium michiganense Farw. (L. canadense L. Michigan lily Simcoe, York
ssp. michaganense (Farw.) B. Boivin & Cody)
I W Lilium philadelphicum L. Wood lily Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Maianthemum canadense Dest. Wild Lily-of-the-valley Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link ssp. False Solomon's-seal Durham, Kawartha lakes,
racemosum (Smilacina racemosa (L.) Dest.) Simcoe, York
Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link (SmUacina Star-flowered Solomon's-seal Durham, Kawartha lakes,
I stellata (L.) Desf.) Simcoe, York
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
Maianthemum trifolium (L.) Sloboda (Smilacina Three-leaved Solomon's-seal Durham, Simcoe, York I
trifolia (L.) Dest.)
Medeola virginiana L. Indian Cucumber-root Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Muscari botryoides (L.) Miller Grape Hyacinth Simcoe
+ Narcissus poeticus L. Poet's Narcissus Simcoe
+ Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. Daffodil Simcoe I
+ Omithogalum umbellatum L. Summer Snowflake Simcoe
Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh Hairy Solomon's-seal Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Scilla siberica Haw. Squill Durham, Simcoe, York
Streptopus roseus Michx. Rose Twisted Stalk Durham, Simcoe, York
W Tofieldia glutinosa (Michx.) Pres. ssp. brevistyla Sticky False Asphodel York I
C. Hitchc.
W Trillium cemuum L. Nodding Trillium Simcoe
Trillium erectum L. Purple Trillium Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. White Trillium Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Trillium undulatum Willd. Painted Trillium Simcoe
Uvularia grandiflora Sm. Large-flowered Bellwort Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Zigadenus elegans Pursh ssp. glaucus (Nutt.) White Camas Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Hulten (Z. glaucus Nutt.) Simcoe, York
LlNACEAE FLAX FAMILY
+ Linum usitatissimum L. Common Flax Simcoe I
LYCOPODIACEAE CLUB-MOSS FAMILY
Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dill. ex A.Braun) Holub Running Ground-cedar Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
(Lycopodium complanatum L. var. flabelliforme Simcoe, York
Fern.; L. digitatum Dill. ex A. Braun)
W Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub Blue Ground-cedar Simcoe, York
(Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh) I
Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trevis. (Lycopodium Shining Club-moss Durham, Simcoe, York
lucidulum Michx.)
W Lycopodium annotinum L. Stiff Club-moss Durham, Simcoe, York ,I
W Lycopodium clavatum L. Running Club-moss Durham, Simcoe, York
Lycopodium dendroideum Michx. (L. obscurum Round-branched Ground-pine Durham, Simcoe, York
L. var. dendroideum (Michx.) D.C. Eaton) I
W Lycopodium hickeyi W.H. Wagner, Beitel & Hickey's Ground-pine Durham, York
Moran (L. obscurum L. var. isophyllum Hickey)
W Lycopodium lagopus (Laest. ex C. Hartm.) G. One-cone Club-moss Simcoe
Zinser!. ex. Kuzen I
W Lycopodium obscurum L. Ground-pine Durham, Simcoe, York
LYTHRACEAE LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY
W Decodon verticillatus (L.) Elliott Water-willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
+ Lythrum salicaria L. Purple Loosestrife Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
I
Status Scientific Name Commo1l Name Locatio1l
i MALVACEAE MALLOW FAMILY
+ Alcea rosea L. (Althaea rosea L. Cav.) Hollyhock Simcoe
+ Malva moschata L. Musk Mallow Simcoe
r + Malva neglecta Wallr. Common Mallow Simcoe, York
MENISPERMACEAE MOONSEED FAMILY
I w Menispermum canadense L. Moonseed Simcoe. York
MENYANTHACEAE BUCKBEAN FAMILY
W Menyanthes trifoliata L. Bog Buckbean Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
MONOTROPACEAE INDIAN.PIPE FAMILY
W Monotropa hypopithys L. Pinesap Durham, York
I Monotropa uniflora L. Indian-pipe Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
MORACEAE MULBERRY FAMILY
I + Morus alba L. White Mulberry Simcoe
MYRICACEAE WAX.MYRTLE FAMILY
W MyrIca gale L. Sweet Gale Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
NAJADACEAE NAJAS FAMILY
Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rost. & W. Schmidt Slender Najas Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
NYCT AGINACEAE FOUR.O'CLOCK FAMILY
+ Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMiII. Wild Four-o'clock Simcoe
I NYMPHAEACEAE WATER.LILY FAMILY
Nuphar variegata Durand in Clinton Bullhead Pond Lily Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Nymphaea odorata Aiton (N. tuberosa Paine) White Water-lily Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
OLEACEAE OLIVE FAMILY
I Fraxinus americana L. White Ash Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Fraxinus nigra Marshall Black Ash Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall (incl. var. Green Ash Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
pennsylvanica and var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Simcoe, York
Fem.)
I + Ligustrum vulgare L. Common Privet Simcoe, York
+ Syringa vulgaris L. Common Lilac Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I ONAGRACEAE EVENING.PRIMROSE FAMILY
Circaea alpina L. Small Enchanter's Nightshade Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Enchanter's Nightshade Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Aschers. & Magnusson (C. quadrisulcata Simcoe, York
(Maxim.) Franchet & Savat.)
Epilobium angustifolium L. Fireweed Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
Epilobium ciliatum Rat. Northern Willow-herb Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Epilobium coloratum Biehler Purple-leaved Willow-herb Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
+ Epilobium hirsutum L. Great Hairy Willow-herb Durham, Simcoe, York I
Epilobium leptophyllum Rat. Narrow-leaved Willow-herb Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. Small-flowered Willow-herb Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Epilobium strictum Muhlenb. ex Spreng. Downy Willow-herb Durham, York
W Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ellioft Marsh Purslane Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Oenothera biennis L. Common Evening-primrose Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) Robbins ex S. Oakes' Evening-primrose Kawartha Lakes
Watson & Coult.
Oenothera parviflora L. Small-flowered Evening- Simcoe
W Oenothera perennis L. Small Sundrops Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York I
~ Oenothera pilosella Rat. ssp. piloselfa Finely-pilose Evening-primrose Simcoe
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE ADDER'S-TONGUE FAMILY I
W Botrychium dissectum Spreng. (B. obliquum Cut-leaved Grape Fern Durham, Simcoe, York
Muhlenb. in Willd.)
W Botrychium matricariifolium (0611) A. Braun ex Matricary Grape Fern Durham, Simcoe, York I
Koch
W Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr. Leathery Grape Fern Durham, Simcoe, York
W Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. Least Moonwort Durham, Simcoe, York I
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Ophioglossum pusillum Rat. Adder's-tongue Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
ORCHIDACEAE ORCHID FAMILY
W Amerorchis rotundifolia (Pursh) Hulten (Orchis Round-leaved Orchis Simcoe
rotundifolia Pursh) I
W Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. (C. pulchellus Grass Pink Durham, Simcoe, York
(Salisb.) R. Br.)
Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. var. virescens Bracted Green Orchid Simcoe, York I
(Muhlenb. ex Wi lid.) Luer (Habenaria viridis (L.)
R. Br. ex Aiton var. bracteata (Muhlenb. ex
Willd.) Reichenb. ex A. Gray)
W Corallorhiza maculata (Rat.) Rat. Spotted Coral-root Simcoe, York I
W Corallorhiza striata Lind/. Striped Coral-root Simcoe
W Corallorhiza trifida Chat. Early Coral-root Durham, Simcoe, York
W Cypripedium acaule Aiton Moccasin Flower Durham, Simcoe, York I
P Cypripedium arietinum R. Br. Ram's-head Lady Slipper Simcoe
Cypripedium calceolus L. var. parvif/orum Small Yellow Lady's Slipper Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
(Salisb.) HuJten Simcoe, York
Cypripedium calceolus L. var. pubescens Large Yellow Lady's Slipper Simcoe
(Willd.) Correll.
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
~ W Cypripedium reginae Walter Showy Lady's Slipper Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz Helleborine Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
r Simcoe, York
W Ga/earis spectabi/is (L.) Raf. (Orchis spectabilis Showy Orchis Durham, Simcoe, York
L.)
W Goodyera ob/ongifo/ia Raf. Menzies' Rattlesnake-plantain Simcoe
I W Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. Downy Rattlesnake-plantain Simcoe
NE Liparis /i/iifo/ia (L.) Rich. ex Lind/. Lily-leaved Twayblade York
I Liparis /oese/ii (L.) Rich. ex Lind/. Loesel's Twayblade Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. Heartleaf Twayblade Simcoe
I W Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. ssp. brachypoda White Adder's-mouth Durham, Simcoe, York
(A. Gray) A. & D. Love (M. brachypoda (A.
Gray) Fern.)
W Ma/axis unifolia Michx. Green Adder's-mouth Simcoe
I W P/atanthera c/avellata (Michx.) Luer (Habenaria Club Spur Orchid Simcoe
clavellata (Michx.) Spreng.
W P/atanthera di/atata (Pursh) Lind/. ex Beck Tall White Bog Orchid Durham, Simcoe, York
I (Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook.)
W P/atanthera hookeri (Torr. ex A. Gray) Lind/. Hooker's Orchid Simcoe
(Habenaria hookeri Torr. ex A. Gray)
I P/atanthera hyperborea (L.) Lind/. (Habenaria Northern Green Orchid Durham, Simcoe, York
hyperborea (L.) R.Br.)
W P/atanthera /acera (Michx.) D. Don (Habenaria Ragged Fringed Orchid Simcoe, York
/acera (Michx.) R. Br.)
I NC P/atanthera /eucophaea (Nutt.) (Habenarla Eastern Prairie White Fringed Simcoe, York
/eucophaea (Nutt.) A. Gray) Orchid
W P/atanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lind/. Small Northern Bog Orchid Durham, Simcoe, York
I (Habenaria obtusata (Banks ex Pursh)
Richards.)
W P/atanthera psycodes (L.) Lind/. (Habenaria Small Purple Fringed Orchid Simcoe, York
psycodes (L.) Spreng.)
I W Pogonia ophiog/ossoides (L.) Juss. Rose Pogonia Durham, Simcoe, York
W Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise Case's Ladies' Tresses Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I W Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. Nodding Ladies' Tresses Simcoe, York
W Spiranthes /acera (Raf.) Raf var. /acera Northern Ladies' Tresses Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe
W Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. Hooded Ladies' Tresses Durham, Simcoe, York
I OROBANCHACEAE BROOM.RAPE FAMILY
W Conopho/is americana (L.) Wallr. Squawroot York
I Epifagus virginiana (L.) Barton Beech-drops Durham, Simcoe, York
OSMUNDACEAE ROY AL FERN FAMILY
Osmunda cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Osmunda claytoniana L. Interrupted Fern Simcoe, York
Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Royal Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Gray Simcoe, York
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
OXALlDACEAE WOOD SORREL FAMILY I
W Oxalis acetosella L. ssp. Montana (Raf.) Hulten Common Wood Sorrel Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
(0. montana Raf.) Simcoe, York
+ Oxalis dillenii Jacq. Deflexed Yellow Wood Sorrel Simcoe I
+ Oxalis stricta L. (0. europaea Jordan; O. Common Wood Sorrel Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
fontana Bunge)
PAPAVERACEAE POPPY FAMILY I
+ Chelidonium majus L. Celandine Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Papaver orientale L. Oriental Poppy Simcoe
Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
PINACEAE PINE FAMILY
Abies balsamea (L.) Miller Balsam Fir Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
+ Larix decidua Miller European Larch York
Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch Tamarack Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
+ Picea abies (L.) Karsten Norway Spruce Durham, Simcoe, York
Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Picea mariana (Miller) B.S.P. Black Spruce Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Pinus banksiana Lam. Jack Pine Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Pinus nigra Arnold Austrian Pine Durham
W Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Aiton Red Pine Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Pinus sylvestris L. Scot's Pine Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere Eastern Hemlock Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
PLANT AGINACEAE PLANTAIN FAMILY
+ Plantago lanceolata L. Narrow-leaved Plantain Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Plantago major L. Common Plantain Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Plantago rugelii Decne. Rugel's Plantain Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
POACEAE GRASS FAMILY
+ Agrostis capillaris L. (A. tenuis Sibth.) Colonial Bent Grass Simcoe I
+ Agrostis gigantea Roth (A. alba L.) Red-top Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Agrostis scabra Willd. (A. hiemalis (Walter) Rough Hair Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
B.S.P. var. tenuis (Tuckerm.) Gleason) Simcoe, York
+ Agrostis stolonifera L. (A. alba L. var. palustris Creeping Bent Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
(Hudson) Pers.) Simcoe, York
W Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Short-awned Foxtail Durham, York I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
+ Alopecurus geniculatus L. Marsh Foxtail Simcoe
+ Alopecurus pratensis L. Meadow Foxtail Durham, Simcoe
W Andropogon gerardii Vitman Big Bluestem Simcoe, York
t + Anthoxanthum odoratum L. ssp. odoratum Sweet Vernal Grass Simcoe
+ Avena fatua L. Wild Oats Simcoe
I + Avena sativa L. Oats Simcoe, York
W Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) P. Beauv. Bearded Short-husk Durham, York
Bromus ciliatus L. (incl. B. dudleyi Fern.) Fringed Brome Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
t Simcoe, York
+ Bromus commutatus Schrad. Upright Chess Simcoe
+ Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordeaceus (8. Soft Chess Simcoe
I mollis L.)
+ Bromus inermis Leyss. ssp. inermis Awnless Brome Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Bromus kalmii A. Gray Kalm's Brame Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I W Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc. Braad-glumed Brame Simcoe
W Bromus pubescens Muhlenb. ex Willd. Hairy Brome Kawartha Lakes
I + Bromus secalinus L. ssp. secalinus Cheat Chess Simcoe
+ Bromus tectorum L. Downy Chess Simcoe
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. Canada Blue-joint Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth Feathertop Simcoe
W Calamagrostis stricta ssp. inexpansa (A. Gray) Narrow Reed Grass Simcoe, York
I C. W. Greene
W Calamagrostis stricta ssp. str/cta (Timm) Koeler Northem Reed Grass Simcoe, York
W Cinna arundinacea L. Wood Reed Grass Simcoe, York
I Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Goepp.) Griseb. in Nodding Wood Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Ledeb. Simcoe, York
+ Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex. Roem. & Poverty Oat Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Schult. Simcoe, York
W Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. ssp. Tufted Hairgrass Simcoe,Kawartha Lakes
I caespitosa
W Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Common Hairgrass Simcoe
+ Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schwein.) Smooth Crabgrass Simcoe, York
I Schreb. ex Muhlenb.
+ Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Large Crabgrass Simcoe, York
+ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. Common Barnyard Grass Durham, Simcoe, York
I Echinochloa microstachya (Wiegand) Rydb. Small-spiked Barnyard Grass York
Echinochloa muricata (Michx.) Fern. Prickly Barnyard Grass Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
Echinochloa wiegandii (Fassett) McNeDl & Dore Western Barnyard Grass York
I W Elymus canadensis L. Canada Wild Rye Durham, Simcoe, York
Elymus hystrix L. (Hystrix patula Moench) Bottle-brush Grass Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
+ Elymus repens (L.) Gould (Agropyron repens Quack Grass Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
(L.) P. Beauv.)
W Elymus riparius Weigand River-bank Wild Rye Simcoe
+ Elymus smithii (Rydb.) Gould (Agropyron smithii Western Wheat Grass Simcoe I
Rydb.)
W Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould in Shinn. ssp. Slender Wheat Grass Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
trachycaulus (Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) I
Malte ex H. Lewis)
W Elymus villosus Muhlenb. ex Wi lid. Hairy Wild-rye York
Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus Virginia Wild-rye Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Eragrostis frankii C. A. Mey. ex Steud. Frank's Love Grass Simcoe
+ Eragrostis minor Host (E. pooides P. Beauv. ex Little Love Grass Simcoe I
Roem. & Schult.)
(+) Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. Tufted Love Grass Simcoe
(incl. var. miserrima (Fourn.) J. Reeder and var.
pectinacea) I
+ Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. Purple Love Grass Simcoe
+ Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (F. elatior L. ssp. Tall Fescue Simcoe, York
arundinacea (Schreb.) Celak; Lolium I
arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbyshire)
Festuca occidentalis Hook. Western Fescue Simcoe
+ Festuca pratensis Hudson (F. elatior L. var. Field Fescue Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
pratensis A. Gray; Lolium pratense (Hudson) Simcoe, York I
Darbyshire)
+ Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Red Fescue Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Festuca saximontana Rydb. Rocky Mountain Fescue Simcoe I
Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev (F. Nodding Fescue Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
obtusa Biehler)
+ Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina (F. Sheep Fescue Durham, Simcoe, York I
brevipila Tracy; F.longifolia Thuil/.; F. ovina L.
var .duriuscula (L.) Koch)
Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batch. Northern Manna Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Rattlesnake Manna Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes, York
Glyceria grandis S. Watson Tall Manna Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) F.G. Holmb. (G. Rough Manna Grass Simcoe
spectabilis Mert. & Koch)
W Glyceria septentrionalis A. Hitchc. Floating Manna Grass Durham, York I
Glyceria striata (Lam.) A. Hitchc. Fowl Manna Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W) Hierochloe odorata (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. odorata Sweet Grass Simcoe I
+ Hordeum jubatum L. ssp. jubatum Foxtail Barley Simcoe
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Rice Cut Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Lolium perenne L. (L. multiflorum Lam.) Perenniai Rye Grass Simcoe, York
W Melica smithii (Porter ex A. Gray) Vasey Smith's Melic Grass Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
W Milium effusum L. Wood Millet Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. Amur Silver Grass Simcoe
W Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir. in Lam.) Fern. Wire-stemmed Muhly York
W Muhlenbergia glomerata (WOld.) Trin. Wild Timothy Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Muhlenbergia mexicana L. Trin. (incl. var. Mexican Muhly Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
filiformis (Willd.) Scribn and var. mexicana) Simcoe, York
Oryzopsis asper/folia Michx. White-grained Mountain-rice Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Oryzopsis pungens (Torr. ex Spreng.) A. Hitchc Slender Mountain-rice Simcoe, York
W Oryzopsis racemosa (Sm.) Ricker ex A. Hitchc. Black-fruited Mountain-rice Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I Panicum acuminatum Sw. var. acuminatum (P. Acuminate Panic Grass Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
lanuginosum Ell.; Dichanthelium acuminatum
(Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. acuminatum)
Panicum capillare L. Witch Grass Durham, Simcoe, York
t W Panicum columbianum Scribn. Columbian Panic Grass Simcoe, York
W Panicum depauperatum Muhlenb. Impoverished Panic Grass Simcoe, York
I W Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. Wiry Panic Grass Kawartha Lakes
W Panicum latifolium L. (Dichanthelium latifolium Broad-leaved Panic Grass Simcoe, York
(L.) Gould & C. A. Clark)
W Panicum linearifolium Nash (Dichanthelium Narrow-leaved Panic Grass Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I linearifolium (Scribner) Gould)
+ Panicum miliaceum L. Broom-corn Millet Simcoe
W Panicum oligosanthes Schult. (Dichanthelium Few-flowered Panic Grass Simcoe
I oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould)
Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex. Trin Woodland Witch Grass Kawartha Lakes
P Panicum villosissimum Nash (P. accuminatum Hairy Panic Grass York
I Sw. var. praecocius Hitchc.; P. praecocius
Hitchc. & Chase)
Panicum virgatum L. Switch Grass Simcoe
I W Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray (Dichanthelium Yellow Panic Grass Simcoe, York
xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann)
(+) Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed Canary Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Phleum pratense L. Timothy Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
(+) Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (P. Common Reed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I communis (L.) Trin.) Simcoe, York
W Poa alsodes A. Gray Woodland Poa Simcoe, York
+ Poa annua L. Annual Blue Grass Durham, Simcoe, York
I (+) Poa compressa L. Canada Blue Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
P Poa languida Hitchc. Languid Poa Simcoe
I + Poa nemoralis L. Wood Blue Grass Simcoe, York
Poa palustris L. Fowl Meadow Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
+ Poa pratensis L. ssp. pratensis Kentucky Blue Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Poa saltuensis Fern. & Wiegand Two-rayed Poa Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
+ Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Rabbit-foot Grass Simcoe
+ Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Pari. Reflexed Saltmarsh Grass Simcoe
Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen ssp. False Melic Grass Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
purpurascens Simcoe, York
W Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nees. Little Bluestem Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
(Andropogon scoparius Michx.) I
+ Secale cereale L. Cereal Rye Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
+ Setaria glauca auct. P. Beauv. (S. pumiJa (Poir.) Yellow Foxtail Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Schult.) Simcoe, York I
+ Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Bristly Foxtail Simcoe
+ Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. Green Foxtail Simcoe, York
W Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Indian Grass Simcoe, York I
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. Slender Wedge Grass Durham, Simcoe, York
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray Sand Dropseed Durham, Simcoe, York
P Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray Prairie Dropseed Kawartha Lakes I
(+) Sporobolus neglectus Nash Overlooked Dropseed Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
(+) Sporobolus vaginitlorus (Torr. Ex A. Gray) Torr. Ensheathed Dropseed Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
ex Alph. Wood I
+ Triticum aestivum L. Summer Wheat Simcoe
W Zizania palustris L. Northern Wild-rice Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY
W Phlox divaricata L. Wild Blue Phlox Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
+ Phlox paniculata L. Garden Phlox Simcoe I
+ Phlox subulata L. (incl. ssp. brittonii (Small) Moss Phlox Simcoe
Wherry and ssp. subulata)
POL YGALACEAE MILKWORT FAMILY I
Polygala paucifolia Wi lid. Fringed Polygala Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Polygala sanguinea L. Purple Milkwort Simcoe I
W Polygala senega L. Seneca-snakeroot Kawartha Lakes
POL YGONACEAE SMARTWEED FAMILY
+ Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (F. sagittatum Buckwheat Simcoe I
GiJib.)
+ Polygonum achoreum Blake Striate Knotweed Simcoe, York
Polygonum amphibium L. (P. natans Eaton; P. Water Smartweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
coccineum Muhlenb.) Simcoe, York
Polygonum aviculare L. (P. monspeliense Prostrate Knotweed Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
Thiebaud) I
W Polygonum cilinode Michx. Fringed Bindweed Simcoe, York
+ Polygonum convolvulus L. (Bilderdykia Black Bindweed Durham, Simcoe, York
convoivulus (L.) Dumort.) I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
+ Po/ygonum cuspidatum Siebold. & Zucco Japanese Knotweed Simcoe, York
(Reynoutria japonica Houtt.)
W Po/ygonum doug/assii Greene Douglas' Knotweed Kawartha Lakes
J P Po/ygonum erectum L. Erect Knotweed Simcoe
(+) Po/ygonum hydropiper L. Water-pepper Durham, Simcoe, York
W Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. Mild Water-pepper Simcoe
t Po/ygonum /apathito/ium L. Pale Smartweed Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Polygonum persicarla L. Lady's Thumb Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Po/ygonum punctatum Elliott White Water-pepper Durham, Simcoe
W Po/ygonum sagittatum L. Arrow-leaved Tearthumb York
I Rumex acetosella L. ssp. acetose/Ia Sheep Sorrel Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Rumex crispus L. Curly Dock Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
t + Rumex obtusito/ius L. ssp. obtusito/ius Bitter Dock Durham, Simcoe, York
Rumex orbicu/atus A. Gray Great Water Dock Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Rumex verticillatus L. Swamp Dock Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
POL YPODIACEAE POL YPODY FAMILY
W Po/ypodium virginianum L. (P. vulgare L. ssp. Rock Polypody Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I virginianum (L.) Hu/ten) Simcoe, York
PONTEDERIACEAE PICKERELWEED FAMILY
W Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacMill. (Zosterella Water Star-grass Durham, Simcoe, York
I dubia (Jacq.) MacMill.)
W Pontederia cordata L. Pickerelweed Simcoe, York
PORTULACACEAE PURSLANE FAMILY
I C/aytonia caro/iniana Michx. Carolina Spring Beauty Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W C/aytonia virginica L. Virginia Spring Beauty Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Portulaca o/eracea L. Common Purslane Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I POTAMOGETONACEAE PONDWEED FAMILY
Potamogeton amp/itolius Tuckerm. Large-leaved Pondweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Potamogeton berchto/dii Fieber (P. pusH/us L. Berchtold's Pondweed Durham. York
var. tenuissimus (Mert & Koch) Fern.)
+ Potamogeton crispus L. Curly-leaved Pondweed Simcoe, York
I W Potamogeton epihydrus Rat. Ribbonleaf Pondweed Simcoe
W potamogeton tilitormis Pers. Fine-leaved Pondweed Durham. Simcoe, York
potamogeton to/iosus Rat. Leafy Pondweed Durham. Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
W potamogeton triesii Rupr. (P. major (Fr.) Fries' Pondweed Simcoe
Morong)
I W Potamogeton gramineus L. Variable-leaved Pondweed Simcoe, Durham, Kawartha
Lakes
W potamogeton illinoensis Morong Illinois Pondweed Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
potamogeton natans L. Floating Pondweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Potamogeton pectinatus L. Sago Pondweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen White-stemmed Pondweed Simcoe
Potamogeton pusillus L. Small Pondweed Durham, Simcoe, York
potamogeton richardsonii (A. Bennett) Rydb. Richardson's Pondweed Durham, Simcoe, York I
W potamogeton strictifolius A. Bennett Straight-leaved Pondweed Simcoe
Potamogeton zosteriformis Fern. Flat-stemmed Pondweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
PRIMULACEAE PRIMROSE FAMILY
Lysimachia ciliata L. (Steironema ciliatum (L.) Fringed Loosestrife Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Raf.) Simcoe, York I
+ Lysimachia nummularia L. Moneywort Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Lysimachia punctata L. Spotted Loosestrife Simcoe
W Lysimachia terrestris (L.) B.SP. Swamp Loosestrife Simcoe, York I
Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. Tufted Loosestrife Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Trientalis borealis Rat. ssp. borealis Star-flower Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
PTERIDACEAE MAIDENHAIR FERN FAMILY
Adiantum pedatum L. Northern Maidenhair Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Pellaea glabella Mett. ex Kuhn ssp. glabella (P. Smooth Cliff-brake Simcoe
atropurpurea (L.) Link var. bushii Mack.) I
PYROLACEAE WINTERGREEN FAMILY
W Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Barton ssp. Common Pipsissewa Durham, Simcoe, York
cisatlantica (SF Blake) Hulten
W Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray One-flowered Pyrola Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Orthilia secunda (L.) House (Pyrola secunda L.) One-sided Pyrola Durham, Simcoe, York
W Pyrola americana Sweet (P. rotundifolia L. var. Round-leaved Pyrola York I
americana (Sweet) Fem.)
Pyrola asarifolia Michx. Pink Pyrola Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Pyrola chlorantha Sw. (P. virens Schreb. in Greenish Pyrola Durham, Simcoe, York
Schweigger & Koerte)
Pyrola elliplica Nutt. Shinleaf Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
RANUNCULACEAE BUTTERCUP FAMILY
Actaea pachypoda Elliot (A. alba sensu Bibel.) White Baneberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. Red Baneberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Actaea X ludovici B. Boivin (A. pachypoda X A. Hybrid Baneberry Simcoe, York I
rubra)
Anemone acutiloba (DC.) G. Lawson (Hepatica Sharp-lobed Hepatica Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
acutiloba DC.) Simcoe, York I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
W Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara (Hepatica Round-lobed Hepatica Kawartha Lakes, York
americana (DC.) Ker Gawler)
Anemone canadensis L. Canada Anemone Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Anemone cylindrica A. Gray Long-headed Anemone Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Anemone virginiana L. (incl. var. alba (Oakes) Thimbleweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I A. W. Wood (A. riparia Fern.); var. cylandroidea Simcoe, York
B. Boivin and var. virginiana)
Aquilegia canadensis L. Wild Columbine Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Aquilegia vulgaris L. European Columbine York
Caltha palustris L. Marsh-marigold Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Clematis virginiana L. Virgin's-bower Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
CopUs trifolia (L.) Salisb. (C. tr/folia (L.) Salisb. Goldthread Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
t ssp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hutton; C. Simcoe, York
groenlandica (Oeder) Fern.)
Hepatica acutiloba Sharp-Lobed Hepatica Durham, York
I Ranunculus abortivus L. Kidney-leaf Buttercup Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Ranunculus acris L. Tall Buttercup Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
W Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusa With. (R. White Water Crowfoot Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
longirostris Godron)
W Ranunculus fascicularis Muhlenb. ex Bigelow Early Buttercup Kawartha Lakes
I + Ranunculus ficaria L. Lesser Celandine Simcoe
W Ranunculus flabel/aris Raf. Yellow Water Crowfoot Durham, Simcoe
I W Ranunculus grnelinii DC. (R. fluitans Lam. R. Small Yellow Water Crowfoot Durham, Kawartha Lakes, York
purshii Richardson)
Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. caricetorum Swamp Buttercup Durham, Simcoe, York
(Greene) T. Duncan (R. septentrionalis Poir.
I var. caricetorum (Greene))
W Ranunculus pensyivanicus L. f. Bristly Buttercup Durham, Simcoe, York
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. var. recurvatus Hooked Buttercup Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Ranunculus repens L. Creeping Buttercup Simcoe, York
P Ranunculus rhomboideus Goldie Prairie Buttercup York
I Ranunculus sceleratus L. Cursed Crowfoot Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Thalictrum dasycarpum Fischer & Ave-Lal/. Purple Meadow-rue York
I Thalictrum dioicum L. Early Meadow-rue Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Thalictrum pubescens Pursh (T. polygamum Tall Meadow-rue Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Muhlenb.) Simcoe, York
I RHAMNACEAE BUCKTHORN FAMILY
W Ceanothus americanus L. New Jersey Tea Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
I W Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. Narrow-leaved New Jersey Tea Kawartha Lakes, York
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
Rhamnus a/nifolia L 'Her. Alder-leaved Buckthorn Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
+ Rhamnus cathartica L. Common Buckthorn Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Sirncoe, York I
+ Rhamnus frangu/a L. (Frangu/a a/nus Miller) Glossy Buckthorn Sirncoe
ROSACEAE ROSE FAMILY
Agrimonia gryposepa/a Wal/r. Hooked Agrimony Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Ame/anchier a/nifo/ia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex R. Roem. Saskatoon Berry Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
(A. humilis Wiegand) I
Ame/anchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. Downy Juneberry Durham, York
Ame/anchier /aevis Wiegand Smooth Juneberry Durham, Simcoe, York
Ame/anchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. Roundleaf Juneberry Sirncoe, York I
Ame/anchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch Low Juneberry Simcoe, York
W Aronia me/anocarpa (Michx.) Elliot (Aronia Black Chokeberry Durham, Simcoe, York
prunifo/ia (Marshall) Rehder; Pyrus floribunda I
Lind/.)
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe. (C. aboriginum Round-leaved Hawthorn Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes,
Sarg.) Durham
W Crataegus dodgei Ashe (C. flavida Sarg.) Dodge's Hawthorn Kawartha Lakes I
W Crataegus flabel/ata (Bose. ex Spach) K. Koch Fan-leaved Hawthorn Simcoe
W Crataegus ho/mesiana Ashe Holmes' Hawthorn York
Crataegus macracantha Lodd. (C. succu/enta Large-thorned Hawthorn Sirncoe, Kawartha Lakes, I
Schrad. ex Link var. macracantha (Loud.) Durham, York
Egg/eston)
+ Crataegus monogyna Jacq. English Hawthorn Simcoe, York I
W Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. Pedicelled Hawthorn Durham, Simcoe, York
Crataegus punctata Jacq. Dotted Hawthorn Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Crataegus succu/enta Schrad. ex Link (C. Succulent Hawthorn Simcoe, York
succu/enta Schrad. ex Link var. succu/enta)
Crategus mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele Downy Thorn Simcoe I
W Da/ibarda repens L. Dewdrop Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Filipendu/a u/maria (L.) Maxim. ssp. u/maria Meadow-sweet Simcoe I
+ Filipendu/a vulgaris Moench (F. hexapetaJa Common Queen-of-the-meadow Simcoe
Gilib.)
Fragaria vesca L. ssp. americana (Porter) Woodland Strawberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Staudt Simcoe, York
Fragaria virginiana Mil/er Wild Strawberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Geum a/eppicum Jacq. (G. strictum Aiton) Yellow Avens Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Geum canadense Jacq. White Avens Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Geum /aciniatum Murray Rough Avens Simcoe, York
Geum riva/e L. Water Avens Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
W Geum triflorum Pursh var. triflorum Prairie Smoke Kawartha Lakes
+ Geum urbanum L. Wood Avens Simcoe, York
+ Malus pumi/a Miller (Malus domestica Borkh.; Common Apple Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Pyrus malus L.) Simcoe, York
W Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. Ninebark Kawartha Lakes
Potentilla anserina L. ssp. anserina Silverweed Simcoe, York
+ Potentilla argentea L. Silvery Cinquefoil Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Potenti/la arguta Pursh Tall Cinquefoil Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
W Potenti/la fruticosa L. ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Shrubby Cinquefoil York, Kawartha Lakes, Durham
Elkington
+ Potenti/la norvegica L. ssp. norvegica Rough Cinquefoil Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Potenti/la palustris (L.) Scop. Marsh Cinquefoil Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
+ Potenti/la recta L. Rough-fruited Cinquefoil Durham. Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
W Potentilla simplex Michx. (P. canadensis L. var. Old-field Cinquefoil Kawartha Lakes, York
simplex Torr. & A. Gray)
W Prunus americana Pursh. American Plum Kawartha Lakes
I Prunus nigra Aiton Canada Plum Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York
Prunus pensy/vanica L. f. Pin Cherry Durham. Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
I P Prunus pumila L. var. besseyi (L.H. Bai/ey) Bessey's Sand Cherry York
Gleason
Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black Cherry Durham. Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
Prunus virginiana L. ssp. virginiana Choke Cherry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I + Pyrus communis L. Common Pear Simcoe. York
W Rosa acicularis Lind/. ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W. Prickly Rose Simcoe. Kawartha Lakes
Lewis
I Rosa blanda Aiton Smooth Rose Durham. Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
W Rosa carolina L. Pasture Rose York
I + Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murrey Multiflora Rose Simcoe. York
W Rosa palustris Marshall Marsh Rose Durham. Simcoe, York
Rubus allegheniensis Porter Common Blackberry Durham, Simcoe, York
I W Rubus flagellaris Willd. Northern Dewberry Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
W Rubus hispidus L. Swamp Dewberry Durham, Simcoe
+ Rubus idaeus L. ssp. melanolasius (Dieck) Wild Red Raspberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Focke Simcoe. York
Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry Durham, Simcoe, York
Rubus odoratus L. Purple Flowering Raspberry Durham. Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe. York
Rubus pubescens Raf. Dwarf Raspberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe. York
I + Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun False Spiraea Simcoe
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
+ Sorbus aucuparia L. (Pyrus aucuparia (L.) European Mountain-ash Durham, Simcoe, York I
Gaertn.)
Spiraea alba Du Roi (S. latifolia (Aiton) Borkh.) Narow-Ieaved Meadow-sweet Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
W Spiraea tomentosa L. Hardhack Simcoe
+ Spiraea X vanhouttei (Briot) Zabel (S. Vanhoutt's Meadow-sweet Simcoe
cantoniensis X S. trilobata) I
Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. Barren Strawberry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
RUBIACEAE MADDER FAMILY I
W Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Eastern Buttonbush Durham, Simcoe
Ga/ium aparine L. Cleavers Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Ga/ium asprellum Michx. Rough Bedstraw Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Ga/ium boreale L. Northern Bedstraw York
W Ga/ium circaezans Michx. White Wild Licorice Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
W Galium labradoricum (Wiegand) Wiegand Labrador Marsh Bedstraw Simcoe, York, Durham,
Kawartha Lakes I
W Ga/ium lanceolatum Torr. Spear Wild Licorice Durham, York
+ Ga/ium mollugo L. Hedge Bedstraw York
W Ga/ium obtusum Bigelow Blunt-leaved Bedstraw Simcoe, York I
Ga/ium palustre L. Marsh Bedstraw Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Ga/ium sylvaticum L. Wood Bedstraw Simcoe I
Ga/ium tinctorium L. Stiff Marsh Bedstraw Durham, Kawartha Lakes, York
Ga/ium trifidum L. var. trifidum Small Bedstraw Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Ga/ium trit/orum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Ga/ium verum L. Yellow Bedstraw Durham, Simcoe, York I
W Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook. (Houstonia Bluets Simcoe
caerulea L.)
W Hedyotis longifolia (Gaertn.) Hook (Houstonia Long-leaved Bluets Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
longifolia Gaertn.)
Mitchella repens L. Partridge-berry Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
RUTACEAE RUE FAMILY I
W Zanthoxylum americanum Miller (Xanthoxylum Prickly-ash Durham, York
americanum Miller)
SALICACEAE WILLOW FAMILY I
+ Populus alba L. White Poplar Simcoe, York
Populus balsamifera L. ssp. balsamifera Balsam Poplar Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Populus grandidentata Michx. Large-tooth Aspen Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Populus nigra L. Lombardy Poplar Simcoe I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
Populus tremuloides Michx. Trembling Aspen Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Populus X canadensis Moench (P. nigra X P. Carolina Poplar Durham, Simcoe
deltoides)
+ Populus X canescens (Aiton) Sm. (P. alba X P. Gray Poplar Simcoe
tremula)
+ SaJix alba L. White Willow Durham, Simcoe
SaJix amygdaloides Anderss. Peach-leaved Willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
SaJix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb's Willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
W SaJix candida FlOegge ex Willd. Hoary Willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Sa/Ix cordata Michx. Sand-dune Willow Simcoe
SaJix discolor Muhlenb. Pussy Willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
t SaJix eriocephala Michx. (S. rigida Muhlenb.) Missouri Willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
SaJix exigua Nutt. (S. interior Rowlee) Sandbar Willow Durham, Simcoe, York
I W Salix humilis Marshall Upland Willow Simcoe
SaJix lucida Muhlenb. Shining Willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I W Sa/Ix nigra Marshall Black Willow Kawartha Lakes, York
W Salix pedicellaris Pursh Bog Willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
I Sa/Ix petiolaris Sm. (S. gracilis Anderss.) Slender Willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ SaJix purpurea L. Purple Osier Simcoe, York
W Salix pyrifoJia Anderss. Balsam Willow Durham, York
I W SaJix serissima (L.H. Bailey) Fern. Autumn Willow Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ SaJix X rubens Schrank (S. alba X S. tragiJis) Hybrid Crack Willow Durham, Simcoe, York
I + SaJix X sepulcraJis Simonk. (S. alba var. vitellina Hybrid Weeping Willow Simcoe
X S. babylonica)
SANTALACEAE SANDALWOOD FAMILY
I W Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes
SARRACENIACEAE PITCHER-PLANT FAMILY
I W Sarracenia purpurea L. Pitcher-plant Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
SAXIFRAGACEAE SAXIFRAGE FAMILY
W Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. Golden Saxifrage Durham, Simcoe, York
I Mitella diphy//a L. Two-leaved Bishop's Cap Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Mitella nuda L. Naked Mitrewort Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
W Parnassia glauca Rat. American Grass-of-Parnassus Durham, York
Penthorum sedoides L. Ditch Stonecrop Durham, Simcoe, York
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
w Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. Early Saxifrage Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes I
Tiarella cordifolia L. Foam Flower Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
SCHEUCHZERIACEAE SCHEUCHZERIA FAMILY I
W Scheuchzeria palustris L. (S. palustris var. Marsh Scheuchzeria Durham, Simcoe, York
americana Fern.)
SCROPHULARIACEAE FIGWORT FAMILY I
w Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britton (Gerardia Small-flowered Gerardia Simcoe, York
purpurea L. var. parviflora Benth)
W Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahlj Raf. (Gerardia Slender-leaved Gerardia Kawartha Lakes I
tenuifolia Vahl)
W Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Indian Paintbrush Kawartha Lakes
+ Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange Dwarf Snapdragon Simcoe, York I
Chelone glabra L. Turtlehead Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb. Kenilworth-ivy Simcoe
+ Digitalis purpurea L. Common Foxglove Simcoe I
W Gratiola neglecta Torr. Clammy Hedge-hyssop Kawartha Lakes, York
+ Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller ssp. dalmatica (L.) Dalmatian T oadflax Simcoe
Marie & Petitmengin (L. dalmatica L.) I
+ Linaria vulgaris Miller Butter-and-eggs Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Melampyrum lineare Desr. Cow-wheat Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
Mimulus ringens L. Square-stemmed Monkey-flower Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Pedicularis canadensis L. Canada Wood-betony Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
W Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims Foxglove Beard-tongue Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. Hairy Beard-tongue Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes I
W Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh Lance-leaved Figwort Simcoe
+ Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. ex Benth American Speedwell Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Water Speedwell Simcoe
+ Veronica arvensis L. Field Speedwell Simcoe, Kawartha Lakes, York I
W Veronica catenata Pennell Chain-like Speedwell Simcoe
+ Veronica filiformis Sm. Creeping Speedwell Simcoe
+ Veronica longifolia L. Garden Veronica Simcoe I
+ Veronica officinalis L. Common Speedwell Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Veronica peregrina L. ssp. peregrina Purslane Speedwell Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
W Veronica peregrina L. ssp. xa/apensis (Kunth) Kawartha Lakes
Pennell (V. xalpensis Kunth)
+ Veronica persica Poir. Bird's-eye Speedwell Simcoe I
Veronica scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Veronica serpyllifolia L. ssp. serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location
SELAGINELLACEAE SELAGINELLA FAMILY
W Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring Rock Spike-moss Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York
SMILACEAE SMILAX FAMILY
Smilax herbacea L. Herbaceous Carrion-flower Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Smilax hispida Muhlenb. ex Torr. (T. tamnoides Bristly Greenbrier Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
L. var. hispida (Muhlenb. ex Torr.) Fern.) Simcoe, York
SOLANACEAE NIGHTSHADE FAMILY
+ Physalis alkekengi L. Chinese Lantern Simcoe
I Physalis heterophylla Nees Clammy Ground-cherry Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Physalis pubescens L. (P. pminosa L.) Low-Hairy Ground-cherry Durham
+ Solanum dulcamara L. Bitter Nightshade Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
+ Solanum nigrum L. Black Nightshade Sirncoe, York
+ Solanum ptycanthum Dunal ex DC. (S. Eastern Black Nightshade Simcoe, York
I americanum Miller)
+ Solanum tuberosum L. Potato York
SPARGANIACEAE BUR-REED FAMILY
I Sparganium emersum Rehmann ssp. emersum Green-fruited Bur-reed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
(S. chlorocarpum Rydb.) Simcoe, York
Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex. A. Gray Giant Bur-reed Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
W Sparganium natans L. (S. minimum (Hartm.) Fr.) Small Bur-reed Durham, Simcoe, York
STAPHYLEACEAE BLADDER-NUT FAMILY
I W Staphylea trifolia L. Bladder-nut York
TAXACEAE YEW FAMILY
Taxus canadensis Marshall American Yew Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
THEL YPTERIDACEAE MARSH FERN FAMILY
W Phegopteris connect/lis (Michx.) Watt Northern Beech Fern Simcoe, York
I (Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) Christens.;
Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss.)
P Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee Southern Beech Fern Simcoe
I W Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. New York Fern Durham, Simcoe, York
(Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray)
Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens Marsh Fern Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
(Lawson) Fern. (Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A. Simcoe, York
I Gray var. pubescens (Lawson) Nakai)
THYM ELAEACEAE MEZEREUM FAMILY
Dirca palustris L. Leatherwood Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Simcoe, York
TlLlACEAE LINDEN FAMILY
Tilia americana L. American Basswood Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
I Sirncoe, York
+ Tilia cordata Miller Small Leaf Linden Simcoe, York
TYPHACEAE CATTAIL FAMILY
I
I
I
Status Scientific Name Common Name Location I
(+) Typha angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved Cattail Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Typha latifolia L. Common Cattail Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Typha X glauca Godron (T. latifolia X T. Hybrid Cattail Durham, Simcoe, York
angustifo/ia)
ULMACEAE ELM FAMILY I
W Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry Kawartha Lakes, York
Ulmus americana L. American Elm Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
+ Ulmus pumila L. Siberian Elm Simcoe I
Ulmus rubra Muh/enb. Red Elm Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
W Ulmus thomasii Sarg. Rock Elm Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
URTlCACEAE NETTLE FAMILY
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. False Nettle Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. Wood Nettle Durham, Simcoe, York
W Pi/ea fontana (Lunel/) Rydb. Spring Clearweed Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
+ Urtica dioica L. ssp. graci/is (Aiton) Seland. (u. American Stinging Nettle Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
procera Muh/enb. ex Wil/d.) Simcoe, York
V ALERIANACEAE VALERIAN FAMILY I
+ Valeriana officinalis L. Common Valerian Simcoe, York
P Valeriana sitchensis Bong. ssp. uliginosa (Torr. Swamp Valerian Simcoe, York
& A. Gray) F. Mey. ( V. uliginosa (Torr. & A. I
Gray) Rydb.)
VERBENACEAE VERVAIN FAMILY
Phryma leptostachya L. Lopseed Durham, Simcoe, York I
Verbena hastata L. Blue Vervain Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Verbena stricta Vent. Hoary Vervain Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
Verbena urticifolia L. White Vervain Durham, Simcoe, York
VIOLACEAE VIOLET FAMILY
W Viola adunca Sm. Hooked-spur Violet Kawartha Lakes, Simcoe, York I
Viola affinis J. Le Conte Le Conte's Violet Durham, Simcoe, York
+ Viola arvensis Murray Wild Pansy Simcoe
Viola blanda Wil/d. (V. incognita Brainerd) Sweet White Violet Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Viola canadensis L. Canada Violet Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York I
Viola conspersa Reichb. Dog Violet Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Viola cucul/ata Aiton Marsh Blue Violet Durham, Kawartha Lakes, I
Simcoe, York
Viola mac/oskeyi FE Lloyd ssp. pal/ens (Banks Northern White Violet Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
ex DC.) M. Baker (V. pal/ens (Banks ex DC.) Simcoe, York
Brainerd) I
I
Status Scientific Name
Location
Common Name
w
Kawartha Lakes
+
Viola nephrophylla Greene
Viola odorata L.
Viola pubescens Aiton (V. pubescens Aiton var.
pubescens; V. pubescens Aiton var.
scabriuscula T. & G.; V. pensylvanica Michx; V.
eriocarpa Schwein.)
Viola renifolia A. Gray (V. brainerdii Greene)
Viola rostrata Pursh
Viola sagittata Aiton (V. fimbriatula 8m.)
Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
Viola sororia Willd.
Viola tricolor L.
w
I
+
I
VISCACEAE
w
Arceuthobium pusillum Peck
I
VIT ACEAE
Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kern.) Fritsch (P.
vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc.)
Vitis riparia Michx.
I
ZANNICHELLlACEAE
I
w
Zannichellia palustris L.
Northern Bog Violet
Sweet Violet
Yellow Violet
Simcoe
Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Kidney-leaved Violet
Long-spurred Violet
Arrow-leaved Violet
Selkirk's Violet
Woolly Blue Violet
JOhnny-jump-up
Durham, Simcoe, York
Durham, Simcoe, York
Simcoe
Durham, Simcoe, York
Durham, Simcoe, York
Simcoe
CHRISTMAS-MISTLETOE FAMI
Dwarf Mistletoe Durham, Simcoe
GRAPE FAMILY
Thicket Virginia-creeper Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
Riverbank Grape Durham, Kawartha Lakes,
Simcoe, York
HORNED PONDWEED FAMilY
Horned Pondweed
Simcoe, York
I
W - Considered to be Rare in the Lake Simcoe Watershed (see section on Flora for an explanation)
P - S I to S3 Ranks (see 1ist of Species at Risk for an explanation)
NE - Nationally Endangered: NC -National Species of Special Concern (s(''C list of Species at Risk for an explanation)
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Appendix 5.4
Evaluated Wetlands, Lake Simcoe
Environmental Management Strategy
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Sizes shown are for the area of the wetland within the Lake Simcoe Watershed
and are rounded up to the nearest hectare.
Summary
54 Provincially Significant wetlands
58 Locally Significant wetlands
Subwatershed Number of Wetlands
Barrie Creeks 1
Beaver River 15
Black River 17
East Holland 12
Georaina Creeks 2
Hawkestone Creek 1
Hewitts Creek 1
Innisfil Creeks 4
Islands in Lake Simcoe 2
Lovers Creek 1
Maskinonqe River 2
Oro Creeks North 5
Oro Creeks South 3
Pefferlaw Brook 20
Ramara Creeks 10
Talbot River North 8
Talbot River 2
Uxbridqe Brook 9
West Holland 10
Whites Creek 5
Provincially Significant Wetlands
Wetland Complex Size (ha) Subwatersheds Involved
Durham ReQion
Beaverton River Wetland Complex 2,436 Beaver River, Pefferlaw Brook
Derrvville East Wetland Complex 238 Beaver River
Gibson Hill Swamp 475 Pefferlaw Brook, Beaver River
Lower Uxbridge Brook Wetland 503 Uxbridge Brook
Complex
Manilla Swamp Wetland Complex 187 Beaver River; extends into
Kawartha Lakes
North Goodwood Wetland Complex 8 Pefferlaw Brook
Pefferlaw-Udora Wetland Complex 1,055 Pefferlaw Brook
Sanford Wetland Complex 134 Uxbridqe Brook
Thorah Island Wetland 81 Lake Simcoe
Upper Uxbridge Brook Wetland 320 Uxbridge Brook
Complex
Utica Wetland Complex 12 UxbridQe Brook
UxbridQe BOQ 11 UxbridQe Brook
Uxbridge Brook Headwater Wetland 156 Uxbridge Brook
Complex
Wilfrid Boq 50 Beaver River, Pefferlaw Brook
City of Kawartha Lakes
1987 Talbot River, Carden/Bexley 494 Talbot River North
Twp.
Butternut Creek, PittsburQh Twp. 308 Talbot River North
Grass Creek, Eldon Twp. 1 ,480 Talbot River North, Whites Creek
Raven Lake 530 Talbot River, Talbot River North
Simcoe County
Atherley-Sucker Creek Wetland 86 Ramara Creeks
Complex
Barnstable Bay Swamp 666 Ramara Creeks
Bear Creek Wetland 126 Barrie Creeks
Bluffs Creek East Wetland 167 Oro Creeks North
Bluffs Creek West Wetland 84 Oro Creeks North
Carthew Bay Wetland 119 Oro Creeks North
Dalrvmple Lake 37 Ramara Creeks
Fraser Creek Swamp 49 West Holland
Hawkestone Wetland Complex 711 Hawkestone Creek, Oro Creeks
South
Joyland Beach Wetlands 130 Ramara Creeks
LaQoon City 718 Ramara Creeks
Lake S1. John 6 Ramara Creeks
Lovers Creek Swamp 664 Lovers Creek
Mara County Forest Wetland 637 Ramara Creeks
McPhee Bay Wetlands 301 Ramara Creeks
Mud Lake Wetland 147 Ramara Creeks
Victoria Point 67 Oro Creeks North
York Region
Aurora (McKenzie) Marsh 11 East Holland
Black River Wetland Complex #1 1,394 Black River
East Aurora Wetland Complex 30 East Holland
East Musselman Wetland Complex 34 East Holland, Pefferlaw Brook;
extends into Durham
Eaton Hall-Mary-Hackett Lakes 1 West Holland
Wetland Complex
Georqina Island Wetland 409 Lake Simcoe
Hall Lake-Kennifick Wetland Complex 121 West Holland
Holland Marsh Wetland Complex 2,007 Innisfil Creeks, West Holland, East
Holland; extends into Simcoe
Lower Pefferlaw Brook Wetland 431 Pefferlaw Brook, Black River
Complex
MorninQ Glory Swamp 379 Black River, Pefferlaw Brook
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Mount Albert Wetland Complex 529 Black River; extends into Durham
Musselman Lake Wetland 48 East Holland
New Scotland Wetland Comolex 22 West Holland
Pottageville Wetland Complex 586 West Holland; extends into
Simcoe
Vandorf Wetland Comolex 46 East Holland
Vivian Boa 6 Black River
White Rose-Preston Lake Wetland 33 East Holland
Comolex
Willow Beach Wetland Comolex 134 Georaina Creeks
Zephyr-Egypt Wetland Complex 2,615 Black River, Pefferlaw Brook;
extends into Durham
Locally Significant Wetlands
Wetland Complex Size (ha) Subwatersheds Involved
Durham Region
Brock Wetland Comolex #1 32 Beaver River
Brock Wetland Comolex #2 58 Pefferlaw Brook, Beaver River
Brock Wetland Complex #3 51 Pefferlaw Brook, Beaver River
Derrvville Swamo West 344 Beaver River
Green Heron Swamo 28 Beaver River, Whites Creek
Leaskdale Swamp Wetland Complex 21 Uxbridqe Brook
McLennan Beach Wetland 84 Pefferlaw Brook, Beaver River
Port Bolster Swamo 69 Pefferlaw Brook
South of Wilfrid Boa Wetland Complex 44 Beaver River
St. James Wetland Complex 94 Beaver River
Upper Pefferlaw Brook Wetland 123 Pefferlaw Brook, Uxbridge Brook
Complex #2
Upper Pefferlaw Brook Wetland 3 Pefferlaw Brook
Complex #3
Upper Pefferlaw Brook Wetland 14 Pefferlaw Brook
Complex #4
Upper Pefferlaw Brook Wetland 9 Pefferlaw Brook
Complex #5
Upper Pefferlaw Brook Wetland 29 Pefferlaw Brook
Complex #6
Vallentvne Wetland Comolex 28 Pefferlaw Brook
Victoria Corners Wetland Complex 26 Uxbridqe Brook
Vroomanton Wetland 170 Beaver River
City of Kawartha Lakes
Argyle Northwest 304 Whites Creek
Balsam Lake 101 Talbot River North
Eldon West Wetland Complex 76 Whites Creek
Kirkfield South Complex 96 Talbot River North
Perch Creek Complex 123 Talbot River North
Talbot River 225 Talbot River North
Woodville South Complex 195 Beaver River
Simcoe County
Allingham Creek Swamp 24 Oro Creeks South, Hawkestone
Creek
Glenrest Beach Wetland 73 Ramara Creeks
Leonard's Beach Swamp 242 Innisfil Creeks
Little Cedar Point 142 Innisfil Creeks
Little Pottaqeville Wetland 12 West Holland
Orillia Filtration 145 Oro Creeks North
Shanty Bav Swamp 5 Oro Creeks South
Shellswell Creek Wetland 125 Oro Creeks South
S1. Paul's Swamp 45 Hewitts Creek
Talbot Rivermouth Wetland 43 Talbot River, Whites Creek;
extends into Durham
Wilson Creek Marsh 42 Innisfil Creeks
Wriqhts Marsh 24 West Holland
York Region
Ansnorveldt Wetland Complex 186 West Holland
Black River Headwater Wetland 117 Black River
Complex
Black River Wetland Complex #2 10 Black River
Black River Wetland Complex #3 12 Black River
Black River Wetland Complex #4 10 Black River
Dufferin Wetland Complex 6 West Holland
Franklin Pond Wetland 66 Black River
Holland Landinq Wetland Complex 3 East Holland
Leslie Street Wetland Complex 25 East Holland
Maskinonqe River Wetland Complex 101 Maskinonae River
Mossington Park Wetland Complex 10 Black River
Newmarket Wetland 1 East Holland
Paradise Beach Wetland 23 Georqina Creeks
Riverview Beach Wetland Complex 36 Pefferlaw Brook
Rogers Reservoir 19 East Holland
Sibbald Point Wetland Complex 19 Black River
Snowball Wetland Complex 75 East Holland
Sod Swamp 48 Maskinonae River, Black River
Vachell Swamp Wetland Complex 133 Black River
Virqinia Beach Wetland Complex 12 I Black River
Willow Swamp 18 Black River
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Appendix 5.5 Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest,
lake Simcoe Environmental Management Strategy
Sizes shown are for the area of the ANSI within the Lake Simcoe Watershed and
are rounded up to the nearest hectare. Where no size is shown, boundaries are
yet to be determined.
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Summary
15 Provincial Life Science ANSls
11 Regional Life Science ANSls
10 Provincial Earth Science ANSls
8 Regional Earth Science ANSls
Subwatershed Number of ANSls
Barrie Creeks 1
Beaver River 5
Black River 4
East Holland 7
Hawkestone Creek 1
Innisfil Creeks 2
Oro Creeks North 1
Pefferlaw Brook 7
Ramara Creeks 1
Talbot River North 9
Talbot River 2
UxbridQe Brook 4
West Holland 10
Provincial Life Science ANSls
ANSI Size (ha) Subwatershed Involved
Durham Region
Derrvville BOQ 237 Beaver River
Utica BOQ* 21 UxbridQe Brook
UxbridQe-Glen Major Forests* 224 Uxbridge Brook
Simcoe County
Allandale Lake AIQonauin Bluffs 4 Barrie Creeks
DeGrassi Point Prairie relict* 31 Innisfil Creeks
Holland River Marsh 2,261 West Holland, East Holland, Innisfil
Creeks; extends into York
RUQby West 105 Oro Creeks North
York Reaion
Duclos Point Park Reserve and 388 Black River, Pefferlaw Brook
adjacent lands
Glenville Hills* 500 West Holland, East Holland
Hall-Thompson Lake Kettles* 350 West Holland
Subwatershed Involved
125
211 Talbot River North
3 Talbot River North
1 Talbot River North
15 West Holland
1 Talbot River
86 West Holland, East Holland
10 West Holland
202 West Holland
lex 259 East Holland; extends into Durham
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Happy Valley* 886 West Holland
Holland Landing Prairie relict 32 East Holland
Musselman Lake Kettles* 243 East Holland; extends into Durham
Pottageville Swamp* 1,101 West Holland; extends into Simcoe
Vandorf Kettles* 191 East Holland
*Candidate ANSls
Regional Life Science ANSls
ANSI Size (ha) Subwatershed Involved
Durham Region
Beaverton River Swamp 1,675 Beaver River
Pefferlaw Brook Swamp 1,110 Pefferlaw Brook
Pefferlaw-Uxbridge headwaters* 984 Pefferlaw Brook, Uxbridge Brook
Wilfrid Bog 49 Pefferlaw Brook, Beaver River
Zephyr Creek Swamp 3,176 Black River, Pefferlaw Brook;
extends into York
City of Kawartha Lakes
Johnston Lake Bog 59 Talbot River North
Victoria Road Bog 24 Talbot River North
Wylie Road Alvar* 535 Talbot River North
Simcoe County
Martin Farm South 120 Hawkestone Creek
McGinnis Point 281 Ramara Creeks
York Region
Vivian Bog* 21 Black River
*Candidate ANSls
Provincial Earth Science ANSls
Regional Earth Science ANSls
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Subwatershed Involved
Beaver River
Beaver River
Talbot River
Talbot River North
Talbot River North
Talbot River North
Black River
West Holland
May 31, 2004
Ms. Marilyn Pennycook
Clerk
Township of Oro-Medonte
Box 100
Oro, ON LOL 2XO
Dear Ms. Pennycook:
SUBJECT:
"State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed Report", 2003
On April 7, 2004 we advised you of the release of the "State of the Lake Simcoe Watershed Report-
2003" prepared by the LSEMS partners, and provided you with a CD version. We are now happy to
provide you with a copy of the full report and twenty (20) Executive Summaries which have recently been
printed. You will also find the report posted on the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority website
(www.lsrca.on.ca) and the LSEMS website (www.lsems.info).
This report defines the current environmental conditions within the Lake Simcoe Watershed and the
socio-economic pressures impacting the health of the watershed. It is the first step in the development
of an overall Lake Simcoe Watershed Plan and will act as a benchmark for measuring future changes
within the watershed.
We would be pleased to discuss this important report with you, at your convenience. Please do not
hesitate to contact Anne Burgoyne at 905-895-1281 ext 229 if you wish to discuss this report.
Thank you for your continued support.
~;t:D
--
D. Gayle Wood, CMM III
Chair,
LSEMS Steering Committee
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TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
Dept. Report No. To: Prepared By:
ADM2004-025 Committee of the Whole Doug Irwin, Records
Mana~ement Coordinator
Subject: Department:
Council Job Creation Partnership Administration
Proposal
C.ofW. Date:
June 15, 2004
Motion # R.M. File #:
H05-13817
Date: Roll #:
BACKGROUND:
During attendance at the Access and Privacy Workshop 2003, the Records Management Coordinator
learned of a Job Creation Partnership (JCP) program through Human Resources and Skills
Development Canada (HRSDC).
JCP supports the creation of employment opportunities by linking the needs of unemployed works
with local community development. The main criteria for JCP is that the work experience provided to
unemployed individuals should lead to long term employment and help to develop the community and
local economy.
JCP partners are expected to contribute in some material way to their project. This could include
contributing to the overhead costs and/or providing services in kind. Partners negotiate the duration
of the JCP project with the local Human Resource Centre up to a maximum term of 52 weeks.
Subsequent to consultation with the Chief Administrative Officer, the Records Management
Coordinator, with the assistance of the Human Resources Officer and Manager Information
Technology, proceeded to prepare a JCP proposal for submission.
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The proposal is focused on various Records Management activities, such as: complete inventory of
all physical files held by the corporation; reorganization of the on-site Archive space, the 2 storage
vaults; verification, comparison and data entry of information in the Records Management software.
Given that funding was approved, during budget deliberations, for new shelving in the on-site Archive
space, this was seen as the opportune time to submit the JCP proposal.
Completion of the proposed activities will assist the Township to comply with the principles of open
and transparent government. This will be accomplished by enabling the Township to better
understand its records holdings and where they are located, enabling staff to respond to inquires
from the public in a more time efficient/cost effective manner and will allow the Township to move
towards a routine disclosure/active dissemination program in accordance with the Municipal Freedom
of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.
Staff are proposing that 1 Records Clerk would perform the activities from September 7,2004 to
June 3, 2005. This equates to 9 months, with 17 weeks of the project in the 2004 budget year and
22 weeks in the 2005 budget year.
Total Cost Township Cost Allocated in HRSDC
2004 Budget Contribution
Total Project Cost 43,765.16 24,718.16 23,376.63 19,047.00
Wage Costs
Township Staff 2004 1,036.63 1,036.63 1,036.63 0
Township Staff 2005 . 1,341.53 1,341.53 2005 budget 0
HRSDC Participants 2004 7,021.00 0 -- 7,021.00
HRSDC Participants 2005 9,086.00 0 -- 9,086.00
Capital Costs
Furniture/Fixtures 18,200.00 18,200.00 18,200.00 0
Hardware/Software 5,100.00 2,550.00 2,550.00 2,550.00
Phones 780.00 390.00 390.00 390.00
Other Costs
Materials/Supplies 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,200.00 0
The Township's costs, specified above, for the Job Creation Partnership proposal have been
allocated and approved in the 2004 budget.
Staff recommend that Council approve the submission of the JCP proposal to HRSDC for their
consideration.
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MENDATION S :
1. THAT Report No. ADM2004-025 be received and adopted.
2. THAT staff be authorized to submit an application for funding to Human Resources and Skills
Development Canada with respect to a Job Creation Partnership proposal.
Respectfully submitted,
J
/
/
Doug I n
Records Management Coordinator
C.A.O. Comments:
Date:
C.A.O.
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Dept. Head
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Job Creation Partnership Application/Proposal
~C\ _1..-\
Project objectives being addressed:
To provide an unemployed EI eligible individual with work experience
which will lead to long-term employment:
This proposal will allow the successful applicant to develop strong organizational
skills, a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of effective records
management in a business environment, attention to detail, research and
analytical skills, enhanced computer skills, customer service skills, participation
in a team environment, conscientious work habits and responsibility for
completion of assigned duties. The core competencies identified will provide the
participant with a solid skill set that will add value to any organization.
To help develop the community and local economy:
The completion of the proposed activities will assist the Township of Oro-
Medonte to comply with the principles of open and transparent government. This
will be accomplished by enabling the Township to better understand its records
holdings and where they are located, enabling staff to respond to inquires from
the public in a more time efficient/cost effective manner and will allow the
Township to move towards a routine disclosure/active dissemination program in
accordance with the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy
Act.
Proposed activities and timelines:
The Township of Oro-Medonte is proposing 1 Records Clerk to complete the
following activities:
· Complete records inventory of all physical municipal files/records in all
storage locations (on-site Archive space, 2 storage vaults, departments
and offices)
· Complete re-organization of on-site Archive space and 2 storage vaults,
including re-Iocation of individual files and complete boxes
· Verification, comparison and data entry of metadata captured in Records
Management software versus physical files/records
A job description for the "Records Clerk" position is enclosed, including the
qualifications for the position. Based on the above activities, it is anticipated
that the work will take 9 months to complete.
"
Partner organizations:
The Township of Oro-Medonte is proposing to partner with Human Resources
and Skills Development Canada on this proposal.
There are 2 main areas that the participant would be working in, the on-site
Archives and the general office area. As such, the Township believes that there
needs to be 1 workstation in the on-site Archives and 1 workstation in the general
office area to accommodate the participant. As 2 workstations are required, the
Township is requesting that HRDC provide for the cost of 1 computer including
network jacks and Microsoft license, the cost of 1 new phone including
installation and the cost of the participant's wages @ $413.00 per week for 39
weeks.
At this time, the Township has committed approximately $23,376.63 to this
project, in our 2004 budget, including the purchase of $15,000.00 in new shelving
this year and is reconfiguring the general office space to accommodate an
additional desk. The Township will pay the cost of 1 new phone including
installation, 1 new computer including Microsoft license and general project costs
consisting of bankers boxes, labels, clipboards, paper, pens, file folders, etc.
The Township is committed to the completion of these activities and have
included a complete breakdown of the costs for your reference.
Expected Results:
. Complete and accurate inventory of all physical municipal files identifying
location
. Accurate metadata relating to all physical municipal files including content
dates, proposed destruction dates, etc.
. Re-organized file storage spaces including 2 vaults and on-site Archival
storage
Means by which success will be measured:
Activities will be monitored through daily discussions to ensure that any issues
which may arise are rectified in an expedient manner. Random sampling of the
electronic database will be performed to verify content.
Success will be measured by allowing staff to locate information with only
minimal information of exactly what they are seeking. As the majority of our files
related to specific properties, one of the goals will be to be able to locate all
applicable information with consistent search criteria.
Applicant's background, mandate and expertise:
The Township of Oro-Medonte was amalgamated under the County of Simcoe
Act (1993) and was formed from the former Townships of Oro, Medonte and
portions of Flos, Vespra and OrilJia. A community of 18,315 full-time residents,
Oro-Medonte covers a land area of 61 ,000 hectares, stretching from the northern
border of Barrie and Lake Simcoe to the southern fringes of Orillia and north to
Tay and Severn Townships.
The Township's Vision is set out in Oro-Medonte's Official Plan. This next
passage is from that Official Plan describing Oro-Medonte's Vision of how
change should take place in the Township.
"The purpose of this Official Plan is to manage change, to protect the natural
heritage system of Oro-Medonte and to promote the stewardship of the
Township's resources so that they are available for future generations and to do
so in a way that has the greatest positive impact on the quality of life in Oro-
Medonte."
It is from "The Vision" that Five Pillars of Development were created. They are as
follows:
· Pillar #1 - Protect The Natural Environment
· Pillar #2 - Promote The Proper Conservation And Use Of Natural
Resources
· Pillar #3 - Protect The Township's Rural Character
· Pillar #4 - Manage Change To Ensure That It Occurs In An Orderly And
Efficient Manner
· Pillar #5 - Promote Economic Activity That Takes Advantage Of The
Township's Attributes
As a municipal corporation, the Township of Oro-Medonte routinely manages the
activities and budgets of numerous projects. Examples of this would include, but
are not limited to, the following:
· Construction and maintenance of the Rail Trail
· Construction and maintenance of the road systems
· Development and maintenance of parks and public buildings
· Organization and operation of recreational activities
Past projects with HRDC and their achievements:
Not applicable.
Evidence of community support:
Completion of the proposed activities will allow the Township to better serve its
residents in a cost effective/time efficient manner. This will be accomplished by
ensuring that redundant information is not retained unnecessarily, which will free
up valuable storage space and provide for efficient and effective information
searches. This will allow the Township to reduce the actual costs associated
with locating information for requesters and thus allowing staff to focus more time
on serving our residents effectively.
As stated above, the Township has extensive experience in managing projects
for the betterment of our residents' enjoyment and safety.
Environmental impact of proposed activities (if any):
None.
Budget:
See application for funding
-<&
POSTION:
RECORDS CLERK
STATEMENT:
The Records Clerk shan assist in administering corporate
records and archives management programs, systems and
services.
REPORTS TO:
Records Management Coordinator
RESPONSIBILITIES:
a) Under the direction ofthe Records Management Coordinator:
i) assists with the management of the Corporation's records;
ii) preparation of a complete inventory of all records held by the
Corporation;
iii) organize records in storage areas according to classification system
and destruction dates;
iv) input and verification of record information in the records
management software database.
b) Deals with other staff members in a friendly, courteous and efficient manner to
promote a high standard of public relations at all times;
c) Performs other duties as may be assigned.
SKILLS & QUALIFICATIONS
a) Must have a minimum Grade 12 diploma or equivalent. Preference will be given
to candidates with additional courses in a related field;
b) Must have excellent oral and written skills;
c) Sound knowledge and experience with computer software applications;
d) Must exhibit attention to detail and contentious work habits;
e) Ability to lift 40 lbs storage boxes.
~-9
LETTER OF UNDERSTANDING
Between:
THE CORPORATION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
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THE CANADIAN UNION OF PUBLIC EMPLOYEES LOCAL 2380
The Canadian Union of Public Employees Local 2380 acknowledges and agrees
that the activities outlined in the Employer's Job Creation Partnership
Application/Proposal do not infringe upon the duties of its members.
DATED at the Township of Oro-Medonte this Jg day of J()tU~
.
,2004.
Mayor
Clerk
CANADIAN UNION OF PUBLIC EMPLOYEES LOCAL 2380
&4d~~
Randy Wuensch, Union Steward
~\[) - \
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
Dept. Report No. TR2004-18 To: Committee of the Whole Prepared By: Paul Gravelle
Subject: Insurance Proposals Department: Treasury
Council
C.ofW. Date: June 15, 2004
Motion # R.M. File #: F18-013698
Date: Roll #:
tl BACKGROUND:
"
At the May 12,2004 Committee of the Whole meeting, Council directed the Treasurer to obtain
proposals for insurance coverage for the period of July 1,2004 to July 1, 2005.
Requests for proposals were sent to the following insurers:
Frank Cowan Company Limited
Jardine Lloyd Thompson Canada Limited (our present insurer)
Ontario Municipal Insurance Exchange (OM EX)
Proposals were received from all of the above insurers.
II ANALYSIS:
II
The premiums quoted including PST are as follows:
Frank Cowan Company Limited
Jardine Lloyd Thompson Canada Limited
Ontario Municipal Insurance Exchange
$181,015.72
$254,536.56
$230,834.00
Premiums including PST in 2003 were $180,035. The 2004 budget reflects total premiums of
$202,442.
~:)
,
The proposals were reviewed and compared to our present coverage. Please find attached a
summary of the proposed insurance coverage for the categories where differences in liability limits or
deductibles exist.
The liability limits proposed by Frank Cowan meet or exceed our current coverage although less than
the limits proposed by the other insurers. Deductible levels proposed by Frank Cowan are higher in
some categories and lower in others. Based on our claims history for the last few years, we
respectfully suggest that the deductible levels proposed by Frank Cowan's are acceptable.
As such, we recommend that the municipality accept the proposal submitted by Frank Cowan
Company Limited.
OMMENDATION S :
1. THAT Report No. TR2004-18 be received and adopted.
2. The proposal for insurance coverage for the period of July 1,2004 to July 1,2005 at the quoted
premium of $181 ,015.72 including PST be accepted.
Respectfully submitted,
r~~
Paul Gravelle
Treasurer
C.A.O. Comments:
Date:
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Dept. Head
C.A.O.
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TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
COMPARISON OF PROPOSED INSURANCE COVERAGE
PROPOSALS
CURRENT OME FRANK
COVERAGE JARDINE COWAN OMEX
MUNICIPAL LIABILITY
Limit of Liability $20,000,000 $25,000,000 $20,000,000 $50,000,000
Deductible $7,500 $7,500 $10,000 $7,500
ERRORS & OMISSIONS
Limit of Liability $20,000,000 $25,000,000 $20,000,000 $50,000,000
Deductible $7,500 $7,500 $10,000 $7,500
ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY
Limit of Liability $2,000,000 $2,000,000 $2,000,000 $1,000,000
Deductible $7,500 $7,500 $10,000 $7,500
LEGAL EXPENSE
Limit of Liability $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000
Annual Aggregate $500,000 $500,000 $250,000 ?
NON-OWNED LIABILITY
Limit of Liability $20,000,000 $25,000,000 $20,000,000 $50,000,000
Deductible $1 ,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000
AUTOMOBILE
Limit of Liability $20,000,000 $25,000,000 $20,000,000 $50,000,000
Deductible $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000
PROPERTY
Deductible $7,500 $7,500 $5,000 $7,500
BOILER & MACHINERY
Limit of Liability $25,000,000 $25,000,000 $50,000,000 $100,000,000
Deductible $7,500 $7,500 $5,000 $7,500
"
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
Dept. Report No. To: Prepared By:
ADM2004-029 Committee of the Whole Jennifer Zieleniewski
Chief Administrative Officer
Subject: Department:
Council Update outstanding projects Administration
C.ofW. Date:
June 23, 2004
Motion # R.M. File #:
Date: Roll #:
D:
The following is an update of outstanding projects:
Public Works:
. Slurry Seal contract half completed, balance to be performed in mid-July
. Line 15 has been pulverized and is scheduled for paving week of June 21
. Paving of Greenwood Forest Road and Ward Avenue is scheduled for week of July 8
. Line 13 at Bass Lake - construction complete by week of June 21, paving scheduled for mid-
July
. Line 2 at Shanty Bay - construction scheduled for week of June 21, paving in mid-July
. Shanty Bay wharf concrete deck complete. Replacement of tie down and new sign to follow
. Line 7 south of Horseshoe Valley Road - paving scheduled for mid-July
. Remaining projects to be scheduled:
o Line 4 south and north of Old Barrie Road
o Line 14 south of Hwy #11
o Mount St. Louis Road from Hwy #400 to Line 8
o Mill Pond Road
o Alberta Street
o Joy Street
o Glean Grove Street
Recreation Department:
. Report - Status Community Halls (August).
. Concrete dock at Blackman - awaiting 1 more quote
. Promenade place markers and emergency bollard , address safety issues, work scheduled to
be coordinated with Roads Department projects this summer
. Renovations to Change-rooms - Director of Building and Planning to advise, contractor on
standby
. Paving of walkway to washrooms - to be coordinated with Roads Department projects
. Ramey Park - installation of soccer posts this week
. Survey Strategy - 4th Line and Sugar Bush Park, staff have met with consultants from Leisure
Plan to establish a format and process for a survey to assist in establishing needs analysis for
the two areas, to be conduct this summer. Compilation of data i.e. Recreation Master Plan,
Secondary park land study, maps, listings etc. Strategy to be presented to Council for their
consideration.
Engineering & Environmental Services
. Warminster pump house scheduled for commissioning June 24, should be fully operational by
the end of June
. Standby power units awaiting MOE approval, installation late summer/early fall
. Integrated Waste Management - working with the City of Barrie
Fire Department
. New pumper truck for Hawkestone should be delivered in late July (was ordered in 2003
budget)
. Relocation of Moonstone Fire Hall - staff investigating alternatives
. Report level of service
. Report staff compliment
Planning
. OPA 16 &17 working with County towards notice of decision (August)
. Update to Zoning By-law, completion of mapping and update presented to Council August
. Craighurst Secondary Plan report to be presented in September re: servicing options
Building
. Revisit fee scale By-Law to comply
Treasury
. Procurement By-Law to comply
- 2 -
Administration
. Doctor recruitment - investigating opportunities for a service agreement.
. Horseshoe Valley 3fd Line exchange - road closed, agreement for future provisions for access
and parking facilities to the Copeland Forest. Provisions underway for the transfer of
approximately 5 acres of land from Horseshoe to Oro-Medonte located next the Horseshoe
Valley Fire Station. Horseshoe preparing transfer documents.
. Donation of land -Cumming, survey completed, working with planning department, prepare
the transfer deeds.
. Selri appraisal completed- report back to Council.
. Terra Ridge sale closing June 30th, 2004
. Airport - Warehouse awaiting comments from LSRA Commission, airport manager advised
that the Commission deferred the matter once more to their July meeting (not sure what is
required by Township to solicit their decision).
. Bass Lake lands exchange with Ministry, roads closed, transfer of deeds
. Edgar - on going discussion with County and ORC
. Offer to purchase land (abutting African Church) - offer to purchase forwarded to solicitor,
parcel being surveyed
. Sale of municipal owned lands - Ingram Pit in progress, establishing title to southerly portion,
followed by stop and close the unused portions of the road allowances, and dedicate the travel
portion of the road allowance.
. Remove holding symbols from unassumed road allowance
. Assist History Association with draft user policy for the National Historic Site.
. Assist Township Solicitors with court submissions
. Sugar Bush severance on -going
. Fees and Charges by-law amend to comply
. HR - hiring policy to comply by January 1,2005
. Misc Request for road Closures
OMMENDATION S :
1. THAT Report No. ADM2004-029 be received.
Respectfully submitted,
Chief Administrative Officer
- 3 -
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
Dept. Report No. To: Prepared By:
ADM2004-027 Committee of the Whole Jennifer Zieleniewski, Chief
Administrative Officer
Subject: Department:
Council Oro-Medonte Community Administration
Policing Committee 2004
C. of W. Grant Request Date:
June 16, 2004
Motion # R.M. File #:
Date: Roll #:
ROUND:
At the March 24,2004, meeting of Committee of the Whole, the grant request for the Oro-Medonte
Community Policing Committee was deferred pending further information prior to consideration.
II ANALYSIS:
It
Subsequent to the deferral on March 24,2004, the Chief Administrative Officer has had discussions
with the Oro-Medonte Community Policing Committee.
The Oro-Medonte Community Policing Committee is a registered charity that was formed in 1990.
Their mandate is to work in conjunction with the Ontario Provincial Police to offer a forum for the
public to address community policing issues and to promote a safe community through projects.
The Policing Committee has confirmed that they have re-established themselves and will continue to
serve the community as a whole.
Based on the information provided, staff suggest that Council re-consider the letter dated September
23, 2003, and the Application for Grant/Subsidy (attached), for a $600.00 operational grant and the
waiving of the fees for the use of the community room at the Ian Arthur Beard Community Complex.
Staff recommend that Council approve the operation grant request and the waiving of the room fee
for the Oro-Medonte Community Policing Committee.
-'I
&-
MENDATION S :
1. THAT Report No. ADM2004-027 be received and adopted.
2. THAT Council approves a $600.00 operational grant to the Oro-Medonte Community Policing
Committee.
3. AND THAT Council waives the fee for use of the community room at the Ian Arthur Beard
Community Complex for the Oro-Medonte Community Policing Committee meetings.
J ifer Zieleniews .
Chief Administrative Officer
- 2 -
,~
ORO-MEDONTE COMMUNITY POLICING COMMITIEE
HFOREVER VIGILANT"
P.O. BOX 100, ORO, ONTARIO LOL 2XO
O.P.P. EXTENDED SERVICES OFFICE · TELEPHONE: (705) 835-5190
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O.P.P.
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September 23, 2003
RECEIVED
'SEP 2 9 2003
QRo-MEDONTt
. TOWNSHJf.!'
.. . ~..-
~ayor Neil Craig
3ro-Medonte Township Council
148 Line 7 S. Box 100
Dro, Ontario. LOL 2XO
The coming year for the OMCPC will see Carolyn Weafer
as Chair of our organization. This year will consist
of various speakers with in-house education of our
members and residents of Oro-Medonte at the forefront.
Our October meeting will consist of a field trip to O.P.P.
Headquarters in Orillia and November's meeting will feature
a "Drive Safe" p~esentation for drivers over 50 years of
age.
Dear Mayor Craig .& Council Members, (~::!{.~~'~2~;':~~';:~~:~'f;'i'0~:~~==-.i:l
:~~f~~ .~~~:i ~~~-~~d6~~;i~6;~~~1 :o~u;oInf tI~~nt or i r-D~YnC;'~ :;.:.~;~~:3::::~.~~~==-1
reason for this request was to approach Council i !
regarding covering our costs for the rental of ~
th C. h d ff.2 t:>~.O!'''~n_~iIJII'.:;''''~ I
e ommun1.ty Room at t e O.P.P. Exten ed Services 0 l.c~. t~\Ci U bi ~tmJ ;
This'wouldinvolve approximately 8 evenings between ~ .
September 2003 and June 2004. ~
I
~; f:.nr~I:Ti~{G:. C($r.Jr\3C:U~ { "
fi ('. f'~': ,f. f rr--:L-
tj . _40;..vi: J(... ~
~~..::;.~:'t:=1":':'1''"~~:::'!':'-':_''':''_~.~...:!:::.'"'.;,.'._~~r....''::"'"~~.
At this time we would like to request funding in the amount
of $600.00 to help with our operating costs. We gener~lly
apply in March for funding issued in June but fel.t we would
combine it with the request for the room rental so that it
would be in place to be considered for the budget discussions
early in 2004.
Thank you very much for your continued support.
l-incerelY,
Beverley Hubatsch
Treasurer
OMCPC 2003/2004
I-
Dear Mr. Carter,
Please find enclosed our application for grant/subsidy
and a copy of this letter to be passed to Mayor Neil
Craig and Council. Please let me know if you have any
questions. Thank you, Bev 835-2213
.
THE CORPORATION OF THE
. .
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148 Line 7 S.. Box 100
Oro. Ontario LOL 2XO
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TOWN8IiIP
t9/V-or ~~
Phone (705) 487-2,17\
Fax (705) 487-0133
www.oro-medonte.ca
APPLICA TION FOR GRANT/SUBSIDY
NOTE: GR.\NTS/SUBSJDJES ARE NOT A UTOMA TJCALL Y RENEW~D EVERY YEAR.
NOTE: ORGANJZA TJONS MAY BE REQUJRED TO SUBMJTFJNANCJAL STATEMENTS.
NOTE: )f additionaJ space is required to compJete your information,'pJease use tbe attacbed
sbeet. IL . .11 '
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Grant/Subsidy Request Amount $ (J/II MDtJ1'1+$ A If AD X .IJWE
; __ ,', "_ ,_ ._ _.. " ,... ., _.." _.. [Iltll,"" p,Po. hJoNTH (/sA 6f. Df -
PART A __Oreanhation Name and Address-Information C- - ( IJ P. P r ,\<"
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Organization
Name
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City
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Address
Prov~ /) N .
Postal Code L 0 L ,). 'f 0
Teiephone (1/)~) [3 S. j..). 13
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Fax
P ARtB~':;'O'tI!,anitation (;e':'erai'i1i(o;~i,tion
Number of I Out of Town
Members if!"~ . 0 Residents
Geographic. Area ~ A . m' ,./ /.
Served IJ A.D Co b ol'n c::;.
/
Membership Fee
If Applicable
I
Date
Fonned
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II
Outline the mission, purpose and objectives of your organization.
LJ 0,( J( 10 ,'iN c;.l W If" fJJ e !J flt..tll€;' (J .I-P. '10 1Ilof1kf1(;
-SA fE,f~ I,.) DlO'l1IfO 01'1-(6 - KG.Pfl6S'-N7 -'{Jib AJ&UCJ ~foR.cJl'IJ fDIl.
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Pleaseusethis additionalsheet(and attach more if required) to complete the information
requested on the GrantlSubsidy Application Form.
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OutJin;J,.1Je mission, puf'pose and objectives of your organization.
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UAD.iduS. PA o::r~c..1"~ €,: 51</-/- tJ~Nll r::-1I';~~'(.~I2Ir1-rIlV' lit/THe ..r~.
Type of Organization (i.e. Registered Charity, Non-Profit Organization, no status, etc. ) and registration
number if applicable.
fa tftl.l! i61l ttb
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Other Sources of Revenue (include amounts that have been received or that are anticipated - other
grants/subsidies, private funding, etc.). -
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Purpose for which the current grant/subsidy, if approved, would be used. Give complete details - (i.e.
project or event description, time frame, community benefits).
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D, P. P. (J ~ PI u:&,. l.f 17-1 '-I N ~ 0/ IYI BiH .; Te. .
Do you currently receive other grants or subsidies from the Township (facility subsidization,
pbotocopying, secretarial, etc')'IJe: l'OutZ..1 n '(f.fl1LL'1 at../rrJ-r 111 c./UJ8't-
D p P ed fl1f~ J Ii i.J f!..Arr.r- t1 ~ ()u 1. f) IlrDA Al r1.. /1 Ii" '" F /UJ1Tt /)//11. UWrJc.II../
Previous grants/subsidies from the Township?
Amount Requested: $~
Amount Approved: $ 6 DO.
Year of Request:
Year of Approval:
Joo3
e2 00 3
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Type of Organization (i.e. Registered Charity, Non~Profit Organization, no status, etc. ) and registration
number if applicable. (J
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Other Sources of Revenue (inc1ude amounts that have been received or that are anticipated - other
grants/subsidies, private funding, etc.).
()to.tnG!Jo,.JT~ Coullfcu.. 'l.f.iJa?&.:r bA.41'11T Y'~,(i
/'ilia LitH".! ;. Wt!r I..G{JcJ~-(' rJrJiH,.Jf. 'YGIHUjJ -
Purpose for which the current grant/subsidy, if approved, would be used. Give complete details - (i.e.
project or event description, time frame, community benefits).
-1'0 UIJ"6"'L R..E1~f () F [AhllI1cJrl,ry ~m
IJ l' l).~1? D~ ~/C.~ - <f11J l.1"'~ aIm. '
Do you currently receive other grants or ,bsidies from the Township (facility subsidization,
photocopying, secretarial, etc.). 1./ I 1'10 I'!' /I ...r:: " /)
, J...V.:J . to IJ r IZ 0 tn l.LJ J J c.. It". I 0 /.J (; t.. P w JrN rA 0.7(; ,:;-$ .
iJ.. AHr...r ~ 'f 6 114 L 1- hi 1/ 4 c./( . ~"" if. IIL>+ /IIf:t <-
Previous grants/subsidies from the Township?
Amount Requested: $ t {)(J .
Amount Approved: $ &'0 lJ .
Year of Request: )..003-
Year of Approval: d) w.3
PARi (::~'Sif!"naiur-e.of Af,'tho~ii.ed'Ofifciaiisl
~lUl~Ma Dat<:
"ame & Po';tion nen5tJRtd:.-.
Date:
J ffE/YI6t t .20/.;(1)3
Name & Position
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Date "
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Note:
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Personal infonnation contained on this fonn is collected pursuant to the Municipal Freedom of
Information and Protection of Privacy Act, and wi11 be used for the purpose of detennining eligibility for
grants. Questions about this collection should be directed to the Freedom ofJnfonnation Coordinator,
The Corporation of the Township of Oro-Medonte, 148 Line 7 South, Box] 00, Oro, Ontario, U)L 2XO.
\o-e-\
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
Dept. Report No. To: Prepared By:
ADM 2004-30 Committee of the Whole Jennifer Zieleniewski, CAO
Subject: Department:
Council
Lake Simcoe Regional Airport Administration
C. of W. Development Date:
June 23, 2004
Motion # R.M. File #:
Date: Roll #:
'I BACKGROUND:
II
Attached is a chronology of correspondence and meetings that have taken place with respect to the
development at the Lake Simcoe Regional Airport as presented to the Lake Simcoe Regional Airport
Commission on June 17, 2004.
An update of the meeting outcome will be presented at the Committee of the Whole meeting on June
23, 2004.
ECOMMENDA TION(S):
1. THAT Report No. ADM 2004-30 be received.
Respectfully submitted,
lo-e~
THE CORPORATION OF THE
148 Line 7 S., Box 100
Oro, Ontario LOL 2XO
TOWN8tIIP
r!!J~Of7f6~
Phone (705) 487-2171
Fax (705)487-0133
www.oro-medonte.ca
June 17, 2004
Chair and Members
Lake Simcoe Regional Airport Commission
Attached is an email received from the Lake Simcoe Regional Airport dated June 16, 2004
confirming attendance of Township Senior Staff at the LSRA Commission Meeting to be held on
June 17,2004 and the agenda (ATTACHMENT #1).
Also attached, for information only, is a chronology of correspondence and meetings that have
taken place with respect to the development at the LSRA (A TT ACHMENT #2)
To date the Township is not in receipt of the requested Fire Protection Plan for the conditional
permit number 536/03 dated November 14, 2003. The absence of a plan for the building
presently under construction makes finding short term solutions difficult.
Status:
On June 15,2004 Mr. Kolbe, Director of Building and Planning, and Joe Casey, Fire Chief,
talked with Don Madigan, Fire Protection Engineer employed with Vipond Fire Protection, City
of Hamilton, with respect to a temporary solution to allow Occupancy on a limited basis for the
first hangar until permanent Fire Protection could be installed.
Mr. Don Madigan has been contacted by Weatherwise to review the situation but has yet to be
commissioned by the firm to actually produce a Fire Protection Plan for the building.
From these discussions Mr. Madigan may propose:
Temporary solution
. 20,000-gallon temporary water supply next to the building
. fire department connection on the building
. sprinkler system in the building
. an approved Fire Watch system
Permanent solution
. a foam System
. 100,000-gallon reservoir or tank, capable of 100 psi and 30 minutes capacity
. 12 inch main as a permanent solution
\;~-)
Mr. Madigan also indicated that he would not propose anything without a firm work order from
W eatherwise Aviation.
In terms of the temporary solution Mr. Kolbe advises that if the water storage tank was to be
placed underground it would allow more time for Weatherwise Aviation to occupy hangar 1 and
provide the Commission and the IV A partners an opportunity to determine a permanent strategy.
f
Weatherwise should be encouraged to provide a firm work order to Vipond Fire Protection to
solicit the services ofMr. Madigan, or any other accredited Fire Protection Engineer, to put
together a temporary solution to allow Occupancy until permanent fire protection can be
established. Any proposal must be stamped by a Fire Protection Engineer licensed in the
Province of Ontario.
Mr. Kolbe also indicted that he would have no problem working with Mr. Madigan, once a Fire
Protection Plan was in place for the first hangar to determine an appropriate time line for the
temporary measures and securities.
The requisition for securities is standard procedure. Provision for securities are included in the
building code, not withstanding, a request can be made to the Mayor and Members of the Oro-
Medonte Council to waive the securities.
C.C. Tatham & Associates LTD has prepared, for the Commission's review and comments, a
Fire Water Storage draft report received May 19, 2004. Also attached are the initial comments
from the City of Barrie Engineering department dated May 19,2004 (ATTACHMENT #3).
C.C. Tatham & Associates L TD addressed fire suppression strategy both short and long term.
Paul Eenhoom, retired Fire Chief, provided an opportunity for a minimum water capacity
requirement of 20,000 gallons, subject to the stamp of a Certified Fire Protection Engineer,
as required by the Ontario Building Code and noted on the November 14, 2003 Conditional
Permit (ATTACHMENT #4) and Drawing Notice Sheet (ATTACHMENT #5) received and
signed by Peter Waters The 20,000-gallon minimum was recommended for the first hangar
only, taking into consideration the discretion afforded in the Ontario Building Code for "search
and evacuation" ofthe building only. 20,000 gallons equates to 90,800 litres. The Township Fire
Department has the capacity to pump 5000 litres which equates to 18 minutes of fire protection.
The Building Code requires, in rural areas, 5 to 10 minutes for the "search and evacuation" of the
building only. The Building Code also provides for "sprinkler protection to enhance areas where
fire department response is not expected at all or within a reasonable time to ensure safe
evacuation" .
It would appear that the Commission is presently in a position to approach their JV A partners to
determine how best to proceed with a permanent Fire Water Storage Strategy for the Lake
Simcoe Regional Airport.
D<
~~ -
Options
1. Weatherwise be encouraged to provide a stamped Fire Protection Plan to allow
Occupancy. Any proposal must be stamped by a Fire Protection Engineer licensed in
the Province of Ontario.
21 ) The Commission may consider requesting that the Township transfer its responsibilities
and approval authority to the City of Barrie or the City of Orillia to conclude building
approvals for the first hangar.
3. The Commission could request the N A partners to waive the requirements in the
Purchase and Sale Agreement that provides for the hangar to comply with the Ontario
Building Code.
Respectfully submitted,
{' (',
I . \ 'r; J tf if if
\~~. ~~
Ron C [be .. .
Director, Building and Planning
->
Joe Casey
Director, Fire Emergency Services
3
-4:1-
1Jf"-r4e.../-frr1EN -r I
Page 1 of 1
\.D~
Jennifer Zieleniewski
From: Lake Simcoe Regional Airport [Isra@csolve.net]
Sent: Wednesday, June 16,20041:18 PM
To: Jennifer Zieleniewski
Subject: LSRA Commission meeting
Importance: High
)
Hi Jennifer:
Just a short note to review the agenda for tomorrow's Commission meeting. The Commission will meet with the
Township Representatives, probaly in-camera, to review fire suppression. I would suggest that in addition to any
issues that you directly wish to review, the following be reviewed at the meeting.
1) Provide options for short term solutions that would allow the hangclr to be opened, tenant occupied and
revenue generation for the airport - Le fire watch, other suggestions, etc.
2) Describe permanent solution required inclusive of 1 hangar, 2 hangars or more
3) Agreement in princple to bide us time to work with our JV A partners to move towards a permanent solution for
all 15 lots - we need to develop a workplan to manage this item.
4) Other "soft" general items that you may wish to discuss - communciation, administration, finances, fire
department, fire station at airport, etc.
Following this session, Pete Waters will potentially be invited into the meeting.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call. Thank you in advance for taking the time from your busy
schedule to attend the meeting Jennifer. Our main focus is to develop a final solution to this lengthy issue.
Regards,
Mike Drumm
Once again, the meeting begins at 7:00 p.m. and is held in the lower level of the Airport Terminal Building. I will
invite you into the meeting shortly after the meeting is Called to Order.
f
h/l hI? 004
Date From To
02/07/03 E-mail N. McDonald J. Zieleniewski, K. airport parking - reduction in the number of parking spaces..
Mathieson -
06/19/03 Meeting MeetinQ with P. Waters, C. Jones and J. Zieleniewski
06/20/03 Letter P. Waters J. Zieleniewski Zoning by-law for LSRA Parking Requirements
07/18/03 Site plan application received
07/30/03 Site plan circulated to Dept Heads comments due 08/15/03
08/06/03 LSRA comments on site plan received
08/20/03 RG. Robinson's comments on site plan received
08/20/03 Comments from staff and RG. Robinson faxed to P. Waters with
agenda of Site Plan Meeting
08/25/03 Site Plan Meeting
08/28/03 Letter M. Drumm J. Zieleniewski re: on-site water storage & further on-site fire suppression
capabilities
09/26/03 Final revisions to site plan received
10/10/03 Report to Council Re: Site Plan Agreement & Easement, including agreement to
construct on-site water storaQe facility
11/05/03 Site plan agreement dated 11/05/03
11/14/03 Conditional Permit #563/03 issued, Notice Sheet with respect to
approved drawings submitted except for Fire Protection
03/25/04 Letter K. Mathieson P. Waters re: proposed fire water storage - phase 1
04/01/04 Note to file Sr. Staff invited to Airport meeting - R Kolbe, K. Mathieson, J.
Casey, J. Zieleniewski attended - water issue discussed - awaiting
Commission study
04/13/04 E-mail R Hough A. Leigh re: meeting of April 13 - Peter Waters, Steve Torkington, J.
Zieleniewski, A. Leigh, R Kolbe, N. McDonald - revised parking
standards & fire suppression requirements
04/13/04 Note to file Meeting with P. Waters, S. Torkington, N. McDonald, A. Leigh, J.
Zieleniewski, R Kolbe joined meeting when discussion moved from
parking to water
04/14/04 S. Morrison and P. Waters notified that walls panels must be
reviewed and submitted to Building dept for approved and reviewed
in accordance with OBC including conformance to the required Fire
Protection Plan
04/16/04 E-mail R Kolbe J. Zieleniewski update for Airport Hangar Permit 536/03
04/16/04 Note to file R Kolbe prepared background with respect to file
04/18/04 E-mail R HOUQh J. Zieleniewski Fire suppression at LSRA (rec'd at CoW OS/26/04)
~
1 of 3
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6/17/2004
Date From To
04/18/04 Note to file Received R. Hough e-mail
04/19/04 E-mail J. Zieleniewski A. Leigh, R. Kolbe, Fire suppression at LSRA preparation of response to R. Hough's e-
J. Casey, N. Craig, mail of 04/18/04
N. McDonald
04/19/04 Note to file Responded best as possible without fire department comments
04/20/04 Chart Fire Suppression Comparison
04/22/04 E-mail J. Casey J. Zieleniewski airport water supply
04/22/04 Note to file Reviewed response from Fire Chief - needs new plans - had R.
Kolbe write to P. Waters and cc Airport Commission that without
required information the Twp is not in a position to respond formally
04/22/04 S. Morrison and P. Waters notified that walls panels must be
reviewed and submitted to Building dept for approved and reviewed
in accordance with OBC including conformance to the required Fire
Protection Plan
04/30/04 E-mail R. Kolbe P. Waters Site visit of 04/30/04 - synopsis of meeting - verbally advised S.
Morrison and P. Waters notified that walls panels must be reviewed
and submitted to Building dept for approved and reviewed in
accordance with OBC including conformance to the required Fire
Protection Plan
05/05/04 Note to file In Camera
05/10/04 Letter P. Waters J. Zieleniewski Zoning by-law for LSRA Parking Requirements
05/10/04 Note to file Received from P. Waters request for Parking Requirement-
received by Council 05/12/04
OS/20/04 E-mail M. Drumm J. Zieleniewski forwarded e-mail from S. Trotter re: R. HOUQh e-mail of 04/18/04
OS/20/04 Note to file Received e-mail from S. Trotters throuQh M. Drumm
OS/25/04 E-mail M. Drumm R. Hough motion from LSRA Commission re: follow-up of R. Hough e-mail
04/18/04
OS/26/04 Note to file R. Hough placed on floor at CoW re responding to S. Trotters
OS/27/04 E-mail R. Hough S. Trotter response to OS/26/04 e-mail from S. Trotter seeking a formal
response
OS/28/04 Site inspection revealed installation of end panels is proceeding and
requested information has not be submitted
OS/28/04 Letter R. Kolbe P. Waters Order to Comply #76
OS/28/04 E-mail R. Kolbe P. Waters Order to Comply issued OS/28/04
~.
20f3
6/17/2004
Date From To
05/31/04 E-mail R. Kolbe J. Zieleniewski update re: P. Water's e-mail of OS/28/04 stating had collected all but
one drawing
05/31/04 LeUer P. Waters M. Drumm Communication structure involved with commercial development
activities
06/01/04 E-mail R. Kolbe P. Waters revised drawings and outstanding items from Order to Comply #76
06/09/04 E-mail R. Kolbe P. Waters further to P. Waters' phone calls to J. Casey, M. Pennycook and R.
Kolbe - outlining water requirements, included site plan meeting of
08/25/03 and copies of notice and inspections
06/16/04 Note to file regarding P. Water's phone call of 06/09/04
~
30f3
(0
,
6/17/2004
MAY-19-2004 09:55
4r-r f1C+1IY1Q0 -r -#':;J
MUNICIPAL WORKS-7TH FL. 705 739 4248 P.01/05 ~
Ii ) ~ p(JR.-r
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
70 Collier street !
P.O. Box 400 \j) ~ -
Barrie, Ontario
L4M 4T5
.. .
, The City of
BAffiIE
e Co"'''''11(Id.n TollIl &O"",e F..:u:ellt:ncc:
TO:
.,
FAX #:
vc. '
C12o~
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FAXTRANSNnTTALRECORD
1 )
Keith Mathieson - please copy J. Ca$ey
Mike Drumm
Gord A11ison
Barry Wi1liams
487-0133
487-1411 ~ 4J .
739-4212 ",. ~
728-4439
".-..:- ."
FROM:
David James
Project Engineer
PHONE fl.:
FAX #:
(70S) 739-4220, Ext. 4444-
(70S) 739-4248
DATE:
January 21, 2004
No. of Pages (inel. eover page): 4
-
RE:
Lake Simcoe Regional Airport
FIRE WATER STORAGE
Please find attached a draft report from CC Tatham regarding Fire Water Storage at the Lake
Simcoe Regional Airport for your review and comment. Also attached are the initial comments
from the City of Barrie Engineering Department. Please direct all comments to my attention.
e
rhi, 1'tr/~(1D1I11 Pt~ ~b' lIlT IIH u/ 11" /NJi"iWaJ Dr Milly wlaich II i.r DdJrrssr<J, urld mO)' contain informalion Ihal it prilli/~d, ,,,,,jidenlial and
enfYI11'IHfI (/iJoIow,....,., MtJ'NICJPAL FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND PROTECT/ON OF PRIVACY ACT.
1/ Iltf ,~ ~/ItIJ _Iflilflf it no(IN inlf1lckJ rw:ipJ.", fllllae ...mptll)iftf 0" OGo!/Il ,<t$poruihle/tlr dt:liverlng 'he m~,faBe tD ,he ;n,ended r<<ipi,'nl, )'OU arc
Itfl'l'by lIoIifwJ (lull 0IfY cll_IM,Um. di.,,,.u.u'fo" or tIOpyl~ of Ihi6 co,"",lInicQliulI:I '" sir/CIty prnhihiled. 11 you rec:eiWM this fIOmlJlllllK:ut/(}1I br em>>',
pl",GH "oI((r UJ tmmed14It:ly by I#IlI/Ih- tlnd 'ItIIIm I~ originRllO lIS br I'W,QI.,,,,...;ct: 411 dot: ..JJr.nu, nul,,<I "bow,
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MAY-19-2004 09:55
MUN 1 t.: lI-'HL. WU~-'( I H I-L.
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May 18, 2004
File No. 303g1S
Vuz Fe and Mail
Lake: Simco~ Regional Aixport Commission
Barrie City Hall
10 Collier Street, 4ch Floor
Barrie, ON LAM 4TS
Attention: D.M. James, P. Eng.
Project Engineer
,: .
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Dear Sir.
Be: Lllk, Simcoe Regional Airp6rl
South West CommerciD1 Arm
Fire Warer Storage - U'ltimate Condition
-
As requested, we are writing to provide further infonnation regarding the proviSion of fire
water storage .for the future occupancy of the South West Commercial Area. (SWCA).
Our letter repon of April 14, 2004 presented detailed c~culations for futuref1re storage
requirements based on various published guidelines. The future condition was considered
to be hangars COnsttllcted on Lots 1 to IS of the 5WCA, similar in size to the 3060 square
metre hangarcUIrently being constructed on Lots 3 I 4. Consideration was also given to
construCtion of 1800 square metres of office space on Lots 6 1,. Although the office would
'be cozmected to the a.dJacent hangars it was assumed each occupancy would be separated by
.a firewall. Therefore additional fire prot~tion is not required for the office building as it
has a. smaller floor area and lower hazard occupancy than the adjacent hangars.
A $umnt.ary of the required fire storage volume a.ccording to the published guidelines is as
follows;
Storage Volume (mJ)
Method Stae.e 1 Future
Ministry of Enviromnent 120 120
Fire Underwriters Surve~ 1800 (720) 3000(936)
Ontario Buildin.e Code 603 603
National Fire Protection As$Oc. 712 1068
,. Values in 'brackets are for sprinldercd buildings.
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97%
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7
MAY-19-2004 09:55
MUNICIPAL WORKS-7TH FL.
70S 739 4248 P. 03/05
2
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The airport does not currently ha.ve a fire supp1y and distribution system to provide full fire
fighting capability with hydrants an.cVor spri:n1c1ers. Therefore storuge should initially 'be
provided to meet the Ontario Building Code (OBC) re.quirement of 603 cubic metres. . For il
storage volume of this magnitude, a. C3St-in~p1ace underground reservoir is xecommended.
Based on recent discussions it is. s\lgge~ted tb.t this storage could be provided airside in
front of Lot 8 of the SWCA. ..
~t'''-\\
Delivery of water would be achieved by having Township pumper(s) fill up from the fire
storage tanks and transport the water to the fire. Alternatively a dedicated fire main could
be installed. Tbis. would consist of a 200 nun diameter water main installed along the
taxiway side of the SWCA nom lot 1 to lot IS.. Hydrants would be appToprlately spaced
along the fire .main and future connections for sprlnklering of the 'buildings could be
included. The fire main would have a stand pipe located opposite the fire storage reservoir
and in the event of a. fire one of the Township pumper trUcks could cormect between the
draft pipe from the reservoir and the stan;dpipe on the fire main, thereby charging the tire
------------m1rin--and---providing-pressur-e-and--tlow."Joi-Jir:c_-.f18hlln&-_W_e u.ridastm1d T ownsbip
equipment currently has the capacity to pUmp ala maximum of 5,000 litres per minute:-----.~---------_._--.-
e
. Ultima.tely it is anticipated that the sto1"28e works and fire main would be incorporated as a
component of a central water supply and distribution system. In this case the Fire
Underwriters Survey Guidelines apply and a storage volume of 936 cubic metres would be
required (assuming buildings win be sprinklered.). The additional volume of 333 cubic
metres can be provided in a second cast-in place reservoir adjacent to the proposed airside
storage Ie5eIYOU-.Tht nre fi!;hting :.ystem requires a. pumping capacity of 7800 litresper
minute, which would be provided by a. ,pumping station connecting the reservoirs to the
dedicated fire main, equipped '\\lith higlllift fire pumps and associated piping, va1ving.
alarms etc.
The estimated costs (including engineering. and contingencies) for Ule components of 1he
ultimate water system are as follows:
1 $1 Stage Storage (603 m))
Ded3cated Fire Main and Hydrants
2nd Stage Storage (333 m')
Fire Pumping Station
$160 000
$22S 000
$140000
$275000
We trust this is sufficient. Feel ftee to call if you have any questions or require further
information.
e
Yours truly,
C. .C. TA~ik.ASSOClA1'ES LID.
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TC:en .
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MQY-1B-2004 17:47
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MAY-19-2004 09:56
MUNICIPAl WORKS-7TH FL.
'(Ic:r.:> '(~';j q~qt:j t'.~::>/~:>
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Dave James
From: Dave James
Sont= Wednesday. May 19.2004 9:29 AM
To: 'Tim Collingwood'
Subject: LSRA Fire Water Storage
.,~
Tim
We have reviewed your letter dated May 18. 2004 and have the following comments:
Page 2 .,.. 1st paragraph - .For a storage volume of this magnitude, a cast in place reservoir is recommended' -
please add the reason ( Le. cheaper than a series of interconnected pre-cast tanks)
Page 2 _1st paragraph -.it is suggested that this storage could be provided on a;rside" - Please add the
reasoning (land has no other potential use due to Obstacle Limitation restrictions, central location, better for
future fire mein etc.)
Page 2 - 2nd paragraph - "This would consist of a 200 mm diameter water ma;rr-=consloenntrth-e-ultimate1lOW--------
requirement of 7800 litres per minute we feel the 200 mm diameter is minimal and suggest you consider a 250
mm diameter.
Page 2 - paragraph 2 - Please include mention a p"tenpal fill line from the domestic supply water system.
Page 2 - paragraph 3 - .In this case the fire Underwriters Survey Guidelines applY' - please explain why this is
the case
-
Page 2 - paragraph 3/sketch - ttle location show for a propo5ed future pump house Is not. appropriate due to
obstacle limitation for airside operations. We would recommend it be underground and be adjacent to the
underground storage.
Page 2 - cost estimate - please total the component costs
Page 2 - please include a statement to the effect that the 20,000 Imp gal storage tanks being installed can be
included In the storage calculations and will be available or use for fire suppression for the A TB. Lots 1 to 5 and
for use by the Township for off airport firefighting. .
David James
Project Engineer
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TOTAl P~05
/~
Phone
Phone
Lie. II
Phone
Check the following where applicable
Demolish 0 Renovate 0 Move
TYPE OF BUILDING OF STRUCTURE
Industrial
Industrial Addition
Industrial Renovation
Industrial Demolition
Institutional
Institutional Addition
Institutional Renovation
Institutional Demolition
Pool
Change of use 0
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Fireplace
Woodstove
(E) WHERE THE BUILDING IS NOT WITHIN THE SCOPE OF PART 9,
THE COMPlETION OF THE STRUCTURAL FRAMING OF
EACH STOREY.
(F) FIREPlACE, WOODSTOVE, OR CHIMNEY INSPECTION
(GYJHE READINESS TO APPLY INTERIOR ANISHES
(INSliLATIONNAPOUR BARRIER)
(H) ruE COMPlETION OF DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS AS
CONSTRUCTED.
THE READINESS TO OCCUpy OF USE I.E.lNSPECTlON
BEFORE USE OR OCCUPANCY.
tJQIt; PROVISIONAL OCCUPANCY FEES (StOO) ARE ONLY
REFUNDABLE UP TO 3 YEARS FROM DATE PERMIT ISSUED.
Water Meter as per Subdivision Agreement
Bldg. Permit Fee
Plumbing Fee
Occupancy (Use) Permit Fee
Occupancy (Use) Deposit
Entrance Permit
Municipal Address Fee
Development Charge
Education Development Charge
Public <2.
Separate~ .12-
Roads/Lot Grading Deposit
~
~
-
~
Water Connection Fee ~
Sewer Connection Fee ~
Conditional Permit Security ~:.6R1!~""
Sub-Total 1.1;,.PI.YJ1.tfO
Less Deposit ~D; jt!} I
Total Permit Fee Owing .iJ;3M'C:J::J~,
~.I~~ L1~...vo/~ t1A-
~rJ ~~ ,-a f7~ ;t~lt~
tf-n~b- ~oaC/7t;>>/ /1-ft1t) ~ /~
~
For Inspections
Call
148 COUNTY RD. 27 SOUTH
P.O. BOX 100; ORO
ONTARIO LOL 2XO
WEBSITE: www.township.oro-medonte.on.ca
. ,........-......., ,..............".. "'111 "II.." """I".' ,,,,,,"'A.I.'I\II" ""^IU..... . "..""".... ",. ..A AA ;'d." A"
III"". ",. "''' ",. ft, I.^ II,.,." '" 'P.' ft ftft
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Buildin2 Permit# 6~
,
Township of Oro-Medonte
Approved Building Drawing
Comments
loe~\5
103
I
~1.
FJ! 2.
8" 3.
0 4.
0 5.
0 6.
0 7.
Drawin2 Notice Sheet
(CompJi3nce ReQuired with Checked Items)
Ontario Land Surveyor provide verification to the Township of compliance with zoning
setbacks by 1) pinning the footing and 2) verifying in writing prior to pouring of the .
foundation by way of survey/real property report prepared by an Ontario Land Surveyor.
(If required)
Owner to ensure proper drainage and/or swales are properly installed.
Note: If Provisional Occupancy Inspection is requested prior to completion of grading
as indicated on Site Plan a $2,000 lot grading deposit shaH be posted with the Township.
Conditional permit issued and security will default to Building Deposit immediately if
construction exceeds approval as noted on conditional permit application.
Wood "f' layout drawing including post loading is required prior to issuance of full building
permit.
Supply copy of heat loss calculations and ventilation requirements prior to framing
inspection.
Owner/contractor to ensure windows conform to Section 9.7 and bedroom windows conform
to 9.7.1.3 (Ontario Building Code). (Max sill HGT 1m on each floor Level)
o 8. Sump pump required.
o 9. Floor drain required.
o 10. 3-way switching required for all basement entrances and stairs to finished basements.
o 11. Foundation-wall drainage layer required.
o 12. Supply copy of engineered truss drawings, stamped and signed by an engineer for framing
inspection.
o 13. Step footings maximum 16 inches in sand or gravel.
o 14. Guards & decks shall be constructed as per Township detail and SG-7(attached).
o 15. Smoke alarms are required as indicated on the approved drawings and may be required to be
interconnected.
a 16. Residential carbon monoxide detector required and connected.
a 17. Sheathing paper is required beneath all brick and/or siding including garages.
a 18. Floor joists
Pag~ 1 uf 2
/1-
. c
)
Township of Oro-Medonte
Approved Building Drawing
Comments
e
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'.
o 19. Roof (rafters I joists)
o 20. Ceiling Joists
o 2). Foundation wall (poured / bJock)
o 22. Developer to ensure each builder and prospective purchaser receive a copy of sewage system
requirements as installed. Also notification of Clause 7.16 of the subdivision agreement with
regard to indemnification of the Municipality.
~23.
LSl 24.
~ 25. --iJest)'"
~ 26. <<'0.).\ tc
if 27. . .. '
~:~:~~~~~~~~ t:c~~:l:;;-()~~o/o/
o 31.
o 32.
o 33.
o 34.
o 35.
o 36.
o 37.
o 38.
o 39.
o 40.
Notes:
1. Wood stoves or Fireplaces require additional Inspection.
2. If S-GRN lumber is used a moisture test will be required at framing inspection.
3. Electrical inspections are performed by Ontario Hydro.
4. A finished basement where loadbearing interior walJs are not finisbed,bJocking or strapping
shall be fastened to the studs at mid-height to prevent sideways buckling.
S. All constrllcti n to meet or exceed Ontario BuiJding and Plumbing Code requirements.
6. AU.!.'.OW' ,.' P lot gra~~,' fees will be deduct~om the lot grading deposit.
/-~ /;, ~:lff1ootR
Received By ~<< t'#f/<.? Plans Reviewed By
Page 2 of 2
/5
ORO-MEDONTE
RECREATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT GROUP
MINUTES
Thursday, June 10th, 2004 @ 7:00 p.m.
Oro- Medonte Administration Centre
Chair:
Councillor Paul Marshall called the meeting to order
at 7:00 p.m.
Present:
Councillor Dan Buttineau, Councillor Paul Marshall, Ian Hunter,
Bob Gregory
Regrets:
Mayor Neil Craig, Lynette Mader
Staff Present:
Chris Carter (Recreation Co-ordinator)
1. Adoption of Agenda for Thursday, June 10, 2004:
Rec - 01
Moved by Mr. Gregory, Seconded by Mr. Hunter
It is recommended that the Agenda for the Oro-Medonte Recreation Technical Support Group
meeting of Thursday, June 10, 2004 be received and adopted.
Carried.
2. Disclosure of Pecuniary Interest:
None.
3. Adoption of the Thursday, May 13, 2004 Minutes:
Rec - 02
Moved by Ms. Mader, Seconded by Mr. Hunter
It is recommended that the minutes of the Recreation Technical Support Group Meeting of
May 13, 2004 be adopted.
Carried.
4. Deputations:
None
1
5. Unfinished Business:
None
6. Correspondence:
None.
7. Co..ordinator's Monthly Report:
Rec - 03
Motion by Mr. Gregory, Seconded by Mr. Hunter
It is recommended that the information re: Proposed Update to Parkland Dedication Policy
be received and supported,
Carried.
Rec - 04
Motion by Mr. Gregory, Seconded by Mr. Hunter
It is recommended that the Ice Rental Contract/Agreement for Regular User Groups be
received and supported.
Carried.
8. Other/New Business (Information or request for future information):
None
9. Questions:
None.
10. Adjournment:
Rec - 05
Motion by Mr. Gregory, Seconded by Ms. Hunter
It is recommended that we now adjourn at 8:05 p.m.
Carried.
Next Meeting: Thursday, September 9th, 2004 @ 7:00pm
2
Dept. Report No. To: Prepared By:
PR2004-05 Committee of the Whole Christopher R.A. Carter
Subject: Department:
Council Request permission for the Parks and Recreation
use of Alcohol at Bayview
C.ofW. Memorial Park for Joe Date:
Johnson Equipment Inc.
Motion # Employee Appreciation day. R.M. File #:
Date: Roll #:
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
ACKGROUND:
Joe Johnson Equipment Inc. has booked the Small Pavillion at Bayview Memorial Park for Saturday
July 1 ih, 2004 for the purpose to host an employee appreciation day. Johnson Equipment has
obtained a Special Occasion Permit, and is requesting they be permitted to serve alcohol at the park.
~ ANALYSIS:
II
Melanie Hines (Executive Administrator and Event Co-ordinator with Joe Johnson Equipment) has
informed staff they have invited approximately 75 adults and 25 children. The employee appreciation
day will commence at 12:00 noon and conclude at 5:00 p.m. The group is requesting Councils
permission to serve alcohol at the park during the event. Alcohol (only beer and coolers) will be
served in plastic cups and are not permitted to leave the confines of the pavilion. The serving of food
and alcohol will be catered by "Casal Catering" and will provide 5 certified bartenders for the event.
Joe Johnson Equipment Inc. will also provided the necessary liability insurance.
It is recommended that Council permit the use of alcohol during the Joe Johnson Equipment Inc.
Employee Appreciation Day on Saturday July 17,2004.
~I RECOMMENDATION(S):
II
1. THAT Report No. PR2004-05 be received and adopted.
2. THAT Council permits the use of alcohol during the Joe Johnson Equipment Inc. Employee
Appreciation Day.
Respectfully submitted,
//r.y'F
Christopher R.A. Carter
Recreation Co-ordinator
C.A.O. Comments:
Date:
~
C.A.O.
JUJ~
V
Dept. Head
- 2 -
Requests to Waive Rental Fees
Organization Facility Purpose Amount Account Carriedl
Requested Disbursement Defeated
A Shanty Bay Public School Shanty Bay Ball Diamond Student Three Pitch Games $108.00 1-91-603-111-540
Note: It is recommended to Council that the listed orqanization be requested to submit the appropriate applicable fee.
--
MAY-03-2004 09:46
ORO 1'1EDONTE TL~P
THE CORPORATION OF THE.
TOWN.8liIP
rg/O-or~~
APPLICATION FOR GRANT/SUBSIDY
1 705 487 0133
P.02
148 LIne 7 5., Box 100 ~h - d
Ore. Ontilrio LOL ZXO
Phone (70S) 487-2171
Fax (70S) 487.0133
NOTE: GRANTS/SUBSJDJES ARE NOT A UTOMA TJCALL Y RENEWED EVERY YEAR.
NOTE: ORGANJZA TJONS MAY BE REQUIRED TO SUBM1T FJNANCIAL STATEMENTS.
NOTE: ]f addition a) space is required to complete your informatio...! please use the anRched
sheet.
GraJ'ltlSubsidy Request Amount
$ 9.00 Ih'f. @ JJ.. hrs.
f;ijiiTA .~ (irgmih~ti~'n''N41n;:a~J Aiiti~sJirloH~:~ti~;'
Organization
Name Sv\ClVytv Ba.y Pu.blj'~ ScJ\OO I
Address I ~ 7 / ~ IA~G Road w~~i
City ~ ~ aN' -h{ ~o y Prov, D ~ . Posta} Code
Contact C/{( " I Re(1J Telephone
E-mail .9re..ad~se.dsb.ot.1.CC1. Fax
pART B:;"';',Oretln~tilio.n:'Glh~lJl iiiio;'ft,aJia'n
g
=- /O'g
L .0 L ~ L()
7 J. :J. -() 900
12. ? - R' tJ J ,~
Number of
Me.mbers
Out of Town
Residents
Membership Fee
If Applicable
~/f-
() t I
Geographic Area . J Date
'Served ~. 93 --to L\V\61-f Formed
Out1ine the mission, purpose and objecHv.es of your organizaHon.
1R~:'f ~e P.+~h -\'0, ~e &~d<'JJ)-t~ "f
hi (
MRY-03-2004 09:46
ORO MEDONTE TWP
1 705 487 0133
P.03
.""
"" \
Type of Organization (i.e. Registered Charity, Non-Profit Organization, no status, etc. ) and registration
number if applicable.
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l.l~ breJ\ 0.. erl-- s. ~ Oll/\~~
\y~- )
~'vY\ \rv\l Lit, 'I~
6C-ti ~. s.
uV)Ap y .~('".)
Other S01.1rce~ of Reve1'me (incJude amounts that have been received or tha.t are anticipated - other
grants/subsidies, private funding, etc.).
Yl ~ \
Purpose for which the current grant/subsidy, if approved, wou1d be used. Give complete details - (Le.
project or event description, time frame, community benefits).
SuppnrT int>- n.f'--AfP\Of:vY)f'.K\+ l).9- fA. 3~f~ ~/\ ~~n"\ ~+ a
.f~\ ~'t ~ 1U\\f'--if\th-e./ .'1' ~D~ I -h'f Jd (~ bf> 1 V) 3 -reJ:Aln3 +rt 1~+c:.J,
Do you currentJy receive other gra.nts or subsidies from the Township (fad]]t)' subsidization,
photocopying, secretarial, etc.).
t' , \
Previous grants/subsidies from the Township?
. i'\QV)e, ~ rnv ~
Amount Requested: $ .k,I.f)O\I-J \ed ~ t'L Y ~Req\lest:
Amount Approved: $ ~ear of Approval:
tA_()..~ \ ~B€-ad.) \)>('\ V\C-\ ~
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Name & Position
Date:
I '3 '\'f\ O-V\ Q.ffo y;
.
Date:
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:". ,":..'...1.:,', .A.....p',..6v.e€1. .'.. . '",:. Den'ed' ".' ",,;'
'. \ !, '. ,f " '1:'"" ,,., " . ,. ~ ,I 'I "iJI#,
. . . .:....;':;'.:.;. ';,'..: . : Amourit$' .. .. '" , ' ::])ate ' '. . : , . : .'.
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Note;
Personal information contained on this form is coHected pursuant to the Mi.J.l1icipal Freedom of
Information ar:d Protection of Privacy Act, and wHt be \Jsed for the purpose of detennining eligibility for
grams. Questions about this collection should be directed 10 the Freedom ofInfonnation Coordinaror,
The Corporation of the Township ofOro-Mec1onte, 148 Line 7 South, Box 100, Oro, Ontario, tot 2XO,
MAY-03-2004 09:46
ORO MEDONTE TWP
1 705 487 0133
P.04
.-
'1';-
I ~
Please use this additional sheet (and attach more if required) to complete the information
requested on the Grant/Subsidy Application Form.
~~-~
Outline the mission, purpose and objectives of yo
... " / <
Type of Organization (i.e. Registered Charity, Non-Profit Organization, no status, etc. ) and registration
numbe if applicable.
Other Sources of Revenue (inc]ude amounts that bave been received or that are anticipated - other
grants/subsidies, Privat~ etc.). . . .. . . :~ '
:1P~h/l.. t4~A4(114L'Z ~-p' ,,4~-ilAd' ~~
Purpose for which the ClJrrent grant/subsidy, if approved, would be used. Give complete details - (i.e.
P?!;ot event descriptio,:, time frame, community benefits). .' .
: .~j(%~r~<':::~/U~~;h#;
Do you currently receive other grams or subsidies from the Township (facility subsidization,
PhO~g, secretarial, etc.).
t>>revious grants/subsidies from the Township?
Amount Requested: $
Amount Approved: $
~-
TOTAL P.04
.~
\ - \
t}
Dept. Report No. To: Prepared By:
ADM2004-31 Committee of the Whole Jennifer Zieleniewski
Chief Administrative Officer
Subject: Department: Administration
Council Reduction in Securities
for Sale of Land - Block 16,
C.ofW. RPM-746, 10 Forest Hill Drive Date: June 21,2004
(Terra Ridge Developments
Motion # Inc.) R.M. File #: L07013393
Date: Roll #:
4346-010-001-15127 -0000
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
KGROUND:
The Township of Oro-Medonte entered into a Subdivision Agreement with Terra Ridge Developments
Inc. (Fairway Forest subdivision) on Line 1 North, south of Ski Trails Road. At the time of entering
into the Agreement, the Developer posted securities in the amount of $10,000.00 to ensure the
required parkland works, including grading, trees, fence and park sign were completed.
Council, by By-law No. 2004-030, authorized the sale of Block 16, M-746 at a consideration of
$78,000.00. As a condition of purchase, Terra Ridge Developments Inc. requested that "upon
acceptance, Vendor will release the Purchaser from any obligations to develop as parkland and
further agrees to release securities from Letter of Credit for parkland development".
ANALYSIS:
As Terra Ridge Developments Inc. is no longer required to complete parkland works within this plan
of subdivision, staff recommend that the Letter of Credit be reduced by $10,000.00, the portion
allotted to such works.
\~
1. THAT Report No. ADM2004-31 be received and adopted.
2. THAT the Treasurer be authorized to reduce the Letter of Credit for Terra Ridge Developments
Inc. by $10,000.00.
3. THAT Terra Ridge Developments Inc. be notified of Council's decision.
Je nifer Zieleniew .
Chief Administrative Officer
- 2 -
SCHEDULE "0"
NOTE:
It is understood and agreed that this Schedule forms part of the
Subdivision Agreement between the TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
AND TERRA RIDGE DEVELOPMENTS INC.
ITEMIZED ESTIMATE OF COST OF CONSTRUCTION OF EACH PART OF THE
WORKS
The following list summarizes the cost estimate of the major works, but is not
necessarily inclusive:
A) Roadway construction complete, including clearing
and grubbing, excavation, granular road base
materials, concrete curb and spillways and two lifts
of asphalt............... ......................................................... ....... .$138,200.00
B) Storm drainage works complete, including storm
sewers, ditch inlet catchbasins, culverts, topsoil, seed
and mulch, sod, ditching and siltation and erosion control
devices.......................................... ............... ....................$ 97,090.00
C) Miscellaneous items such as street name and
regulatory signs................................................................$ 3,600.00
D) Electrical supply, including street lights,
control panels and duct crossings............................................$ 19,435.00
E) Parkland works, including grading, trees, fence
and park sign................................... ................. ..............$ 10,000.00
F) Fencing perimeter of subdivision........................................$ 34,000.00
SUB-TOTAL
$302,325.00
G) Allowance for Engineering and supervision.........................$ 30,232.50
TOTAL
$332,557.50
$ 23,279.03
7% G.S.T.
. GRAND TOTAL COST
$355,836.53
41
..
Minister
Responsible for
Seniors
6th Aoor
400 University Avenue
Toronto ON M7A 2R9
Tel.: (416) 585-7000
Fax: (416)585-6470
Ministre deh!gue
aux Affaires des
personnes agees
6e etage
400, avenue University
Toronto ON M7A 2R9
Tel.: (416) 585-7000
Telec.: (416) 585-6470
MAY 2 B 100'
ORO-MEDONTE
TOWNSHIP
May, 2004
Dear Mayor and Members of Council:
Each year the Government of ODtariO designates June as Seniors' Month to celebrate the countless
accomplishments and contributions of seniors. Across the province, numerous special events are
hosted to recognize and honour seniors.
It is with great pleasure that I invite you to participate in the 2004 Senior of the Year A wards. This
award was established in 1994 to give each municipality in Ontario the opportunity to honour one
outstanding local senior.
Recipients are individuals, who after age 65, have enriched the social, cultural or civic life of the
commuDity, without thought of personal or financial gain. The certificate, provided by the Ontario
Government, is signed by: the Honourable James K. Bartleman, Lieutenant Governor, myself as the
Minister Responsible for Seniors, and the local Head of Council.
The Government of Ontario is proud to offer this opportunity. You may wish to consider involving
local MPPs in your selection process or presentation ceremoDY.
Please fax the attached form with the name of your municipality's Senior of the Year A ward recipient,
on the attached form by June 30, 2004.
For additional information, please contact the Ontario Honours and Awards Secretariat at (416) 314..;
75.26.
Ontario's seniors deserve special recognItIon for their outstanding accomplishments. By working
together with municipalities, we can ensure they are honoured in a meaningful way.
Sincerely,
John Gerretsen
Minister
Encl.
c . '. ~ , . . @ Ontario
. .
, .. . > .
. .
6/rmimc o/tfw. eo/)(
Award 2004
ominating MunicipalitylTownship
)Iease print municipality name in full as this will be transcribed onto recipient's certificate):
...........................................................................t~rv...\.s.....................................................,.........................,........................................................................................."....
- \..-
9.Q~.~q:.~.~f.!}~:........~...Q..H.!Y.........H..BI?.~.....................................................................................................................................................................
~99E'!;;~?:.....J...9....~..~.....bl!Y..f...gj!..........fi.If.t!...2:.................................................................................................,..........................................,...
:.\!Y.!19.~!J.:....Q..&9.....Sl-11l..~.~......................p.~S?y.ins:.~:.....O..~........................................p.9.~.~9.!..~9..g'!;;:....~..9..f...J..~.Q...............
:~.I.~P..h.9.Q~:........):}:?~.2:.~.1::.Y:....................f.~~:.................................................................................................................................................................
~.~.~~..!?fJ~~.~.~p.t~~~..(r:n~~~..?~..9.~.y.~9.[~..9.f..9.s.~.S?[.9..\9.~'O.:................................................ .............................................................. ..... ........... ..... .
The 60th anniversary of D-Day makes it fitting that Oro-Medonte Senior of
the Year would be a veteran who exemplifies the outstanding contributions
of Canada during the war. John, who is approaching 80 years of age, also
had two brothers in the war, both seeing action at Normandy.
This year John acted through personal example in donating individual bricks
on behalf of the three Hare brothers also encouraged his municipality to
contribute to the Juno Beach Centre. This will provide a permanent record
for relatives and friends and show future visitors the high regard that the
residents ofOro-Medonte hold for the heroes ofWW II. Visitors to the Juno
Beach Centre who might be among the thousands of school children that
John has spoken to during Remembrance Day services over the years will
realize a tangible connection to deepen their understanding and appreciation.
U,;:,C'u tV UC;\iC""U$n;:;; '\;oJJb"~"'lJ \.4....... .........J ...........t"._..~_...... "'- --...-. -. ...- . -_..
Honours and Awards SecretariaL 400 University Avenue. Ground FlooL South Lobby. Toronto ON M7A 2R9, (416) 3i4-75<:c.
f .,
\C\ - \
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
Dept. Report No. To: COMMITTEE OF THE Prepared By:
WHOLE
PW2004-06 Jerry Ball
Subject: Department:
Council
Use of All-Terrain Vehicles Public Works
C. of W. (ATV's) on Municipal Roads Date:
June 17, 2004
Motion # A.M. File #:
T06-11285
Date: Roll #:
Mr. Wayne Hodge, President of Georgian Trail Riders, presented a deputation to Council at the
Regular Committee of the Whole meeting held on March 24, 2004 requesting Council to consider a
By-law to allow the use of ATV's on municipal roadways within Oro-Medonte Township.
This request was made upon the passing of Bill 11 (passed July 31, 2003) allowing the creation of
Regulation #316/03, which in turn is an enabling legislation allowing counties and municipalities to
create By-laws allowing legal road access for A TV's. However, A TV's and off-road vehicles are
prohibited from 400 series Highways and Trans Canada Highways, but do have access to Highways
500 to 899, 7000 series, and roads with a "summer average daily traffic count" of less than 5,000.
Further exemptions to the By-law are provided for farmers, trappers and all public utility workers. In
the handout provided by Mr. Hodge, it clearly states all guidelines and rules that an operator of such
vehicles must adhere to, such as driver's licence and registration requirements, rules of the road, and
vehicle equipment standards. In addition to these rules, the Ontario Federation of All-Terrain
Vehicles Club has provided an "alcohol policy" and an "insurance program" for its member clubs that
give coverage for $5,000,000.00 "commercial general liability", $5,000,000.00 "non-owned
automobile", and $250,000.00 "tenant's legal liability" with a $1,000.00 deductible. Thus, each
member of the individual clubs will be insured under this policy.
To provide a general consensus to the proposed By-law, our insurer, OME Jardin, the O.P.P., and all
municipalities within the County were asked for their comments regarding this matter.
"
'lY-J
s:
With legislation being passed approximately one year ago, most municipalities are still in the process
of reporting to their respective Councils, however replies were received from the municipalities of
Clearview, City of Orillia, Bradford West Gwillimbury and Essa Township. None of these
municipalities had passed a By-law on this matter, with the exception of Essa Township, whom had
created a By-law for A TV's and snowmobiles in 1998 allowing the operation of such vehicles on all
road allowances within their jurisdiction. OME Jardin, insurer for the Township of Oro-Medonte, was
concerned that there must be reasonable assurance that roads and road shoulders are safe for A TV
usage. These risks would include such things as roadside signage, erosion, and fallen trees or
branches.
Public Works echoes these same concerns, including concerns of damage to road ditches, shoulders
and boulevards, from A TV usage. This type of damage presently exists in a number of locations
throughout the Township and County and will increase maintenance if ATV's were a/1owed on roads
within Oro-Medonte. A further concern of trespassing and creating damage to private property would
increase the need for additional enforcement.
After discussion with Mr. Chad Bark, Detachment Commander for the Barrie O.P.P., he advised that
the O.P.P. had no concerns with regards to ATV usage on municipal road allowances. '
As the Ontario Federation of All-Terrain Vehicle Clubs continues to promote ATV usa.ge, it will
undoubtedly become a huge recreational sport and contribute to the tourism in the Province, much
like the Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs. The main difference now between these two clubs
is that the OFSC has been in operation for a number of years and has established a huge trail
system throughout the Province. All OFSC members can operate on their maintained trails, which
reduces the need of road usage for snowmobiles. Once the A TV Clubs have established a
maintained trail system, it will add to the safe operation for ATV vehicles and reduce the liability for
operating on public roadways. Thus, consideration should be given to the fact that there are no
organized trails within Oro-Medonte and therefore, there is not a great need to allow A TV's on
Township road allowances until a trail system has been developed.
In considering a By-law of this nature, Council has three options:
>- allow the use of A TV's on all municipal road allowances;
>- allow the use of ATV's on certain road allowances;
>- do not allow the use of A TV's on any road allowances.
In reviewing the OFATV literature, considering the Highway Traffic Act relating to all-terrain vehicles,
the advantages and disadvantages towards the operation of A TV's on municipal road allowances, the
added maintenance of road shoulders and boulevards, possible damage to private property, and the
fact that there are no established trail systems within Oro-Medonte, it is recommended that a By-law
not be created to allow legal road access for the use of A TV's on Township road allowances.
~
MENDATION S:
l~-3
1. THAT Report No. PW2004-06 be received and adopted.
2. THAT Council denies, at this time, the request for use of all-terrain vehicles on municipal road
allowances, until such time as a maintained trail system is in operation.
3. THAT the Public Works Superintendent advises the Ontario Federation of All-Terrain Vehicle
Clubs accordingly.
Respectfully submitted,
Jerry Ball
Public Works Superintendent
~GUJ--
V
- 3 -
(~,
~
;- :,
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
Dept. Report No. To: COMMITTEE OF THE Prepared By:
WHOLE
EES2004-35 Keith Mathieson
Subject: Department:
Council
Actual Water Use Charges Engineering and
Environmental Services
C. of W. Date:
June 16, 2004
Motion # R.M. File #:
EOO-13623
Date: Roll #:
II BACKGROUND:
II
At the Committee of the Whole meeting held on December 10, 2003, Council requested staff to
prepare a report to look at an "actual water use charge" for the municipality's eleven (11) water
systems.
For the purpose of this report, the estimated 2004 water budget has been used as a basic line for
operating costs, with a four (4)% increase each year.
The total operating cost for each year includes the capital costs, as proposed in the five (5) year
capital forecast (attached).
The 2005 proposal includes the cost of an additional full-time employee, the purchase of a new
vehicle, operating costs, and the purchase of meters.
At the present time, there are one thousand, five hundred and fifty-five (1,555) units connected to the
municipal water systems.
The total amount of water used in the eleven (11) systems in 2003 was 519,852 m3, for an average
of 334 m3/unit in 2003.
I have included three (3) proposals in this report for Council's consideration:
PROPOSAL #1
2004
Operating Costs
Capital Costs
$ 531,250.00
$ 821,705.00
$1,352.955.00
TOTAL OPERATING COSTS (2004)
# OF UNITS
1,555
TOTAL OPERATING COST/UNIT
$
870.00/year
.'
'.'
2005
Operating Costs
$682,500.00 (one (1) extra full-time employee
and vehicle)
Capital Costs
$167,500.00 (per five-year for~cast)
$101,750.00 (meters 407) .
$951.750.00
1,555
TOTAL OPERATING COSTS (2005)
# OF UNITS
TOTAL OPERATING COST/UNIT
$ 612.06/year
".
TRANSFER TO RESERVES
$ 235.72
($366,545.00 projected from five-year forecast)
COST/UNIT
$ 847.78
Presently, there are 1,114 units metered, of which 191 need to be repaired or replaced.
Robincrest and Medonte Hills water systems would require 216 new meters.
Assuming the Township doesn't receive any outside funding, using the present rates will require a
transfer from reserves for 2004 and 2005 to cover operating and capital costs, or an increase in rates
to $850.00, per unit, in 2005 to allow money to be transferred to the water reserve fund of
$366,545.00 in 2005, as projected.
- 2 -
Operating Costs
Capital Costs
TOTAL OPERATING COSTS (2006)
# OF UNITS
TOTAL OPERATING COST/UNIT
2006
$678,600.00
$101,500.00
$780,100.00
1,555
$ 50 1. 68/year
Water use cost by consumption (total flow of 519,852 m2 -;. transfer to reserve for 2006 of
$407,425,00) = 0.79/cm:
o - 200 = 0.63 cm
201 - 300= 0.79 cm
301 - 400 = 0.95 cm
401 - 500 = 1 .11 cm
501 - = 1.27 cm
Costs of low, high and municipal average using residential consumption for 2003:
LOW
95 cm = $59.85 + $501.68 = $561.53
AVERAGE 334 cm = $236.51 + $501.68 = $738.19
HIGH
907 cm = $927.10 + $501.68 = $1,428.78
Operating Costs
Capital Costs
TOTAL OPERATING COSTS (2007)
# OF UNITS
TOTAL OPERATING COST/UNIT
2007
$705,744.00
$ 51,000.00 **
$756,744.00
$
1,750 *
432.43
2004 Rate
($575.00)
($575.00)
($884.51)
* number of units increased
** capital costs may increase pending required Engineering Report prepared in 2006; Sustainable
Water and Sewage Systems Act; Groundwater Protection Act.
- 3 -
Using 2003 flows of 519,852 and 2006 transfer to reserves of $407,425.00, the low, average and
high consumption costs would be as follows:
LOW 95 cm = $59.85 + $432.43 = $492.28
AVERAGE 334 cm = $236.51 + $432.43 = $668.94
HIGH 907 cm = $927.10 + $432.43 = $1,402.10
PRO'S AND CON'S OF PROPOSAL #1
PRO's:
· Anyone using less than 125 m3 of water, per year, for 2006 would see a decraase in their
water bilL"
· Anyone using less than 200 m3 of water, per year, for 2007 would see a small decrease in
their water bill.
· One additional staff would be available for limited times to help with meter and trench
inspections, and reading meters for real estate closings.
· Guarantee that operating costs would be covered.
CON's:
· Additional operating costs, with no improvement to the maintenance of the systems.
· With only one year's flow available and the passing of the conservation By-law this year,
projected flow rates are very difficult to determine.
· Upon completion of the installation of meters in the years 2006 and 2007, each user would be
charged a flat rate that would cover all operating and capital costs estimated for that year, i.e.
2006 ($501.68); 2007 ($432.43) and an actual cost of water consumed based on flow +
amount to be transferred to reserves.
PROPOSAL #2
Revenue generated (2003) + flow (2003) = cost/cm
$940,575.00 + 519,852 = $1.81/cm
~ 95 cm x 1.81 = $171.95
~ 334 cm x 1.81 = $604.54
~ 907 cm x 1.81 = $1,641.67
PRO'S AND CON'S OF PROPOSAL #2
PRO's:
· Anyone using 320 m3, or less, per year, would see a reduction in their water bill.
- 4 -
CON;s:
. Low consumption users would not be covering actual operating costs.
. Difficult to trend flow rates with only one year's flows.
. 10% reduction in flow would result in $94,000.00 less revenue.
. With the limited number of units, there is a possibility that the operating and reserve amounts
projected will not be collected.
PROPOSAL #3
Continue with the present charges of a flat rate and surcharge, if the unit uses on an average of over
1 cm of water, per day, over the period on one year.
PRO'S AND CON'S OF PROPOSAL #3
PRO's:
. Covering cost of operating and transfer to reserve.
. Would allow mor~ time to collect flow data.
. Would allow time to establish what is required for a reserve fund and annual contribution to
reserve fund.
CON's:
. No incentive to conserve water.
. Everyone using up to 365 cm, per year, being charged the same rate.
~I ANALYSIS:
I'
With the limited amount of flow data presently available and the amount of the reserve fund not
established, it is difficult to establish consumption rates based on these two components, as
suggested in Proposal #'s 1 and 2. It is recommended that a projected reserve fund be established
by developing a Water Distribution System Renewal Plan and that the Township continues to install
water meters in Robincrest (2004) and Medonte Hills (2005) by an outside contractor.
OMMENDATION S:
1. THAT Report No. EES2004-35 be received and adopted.
2. THAT a Water Distribution System Renewal Plan be developed in order to establish a reserve
fund.
3. THAT during the 2006 water Budget, Council considers the hiring of one (1) additional staff
member to be responsible for the repair, installation and reading of water meters for the eleven
(11) municipal water systems.
4. AND AT the present method of establishing water rates continue and be reviewed in 2007.
Keitli hieson
Director of Engineering and Environmental Services
p~
CY F J {)~
. "
-""
~, ~
CAP IT AL FORECAST 2004-2008
WATER DEPARTMENT
PROJECT 2004 1 2005 2006 2007 2008
I
ADMINISTRATION
Transfer to reserve I 366,545 407,425 435,425 486,425
PLC Software 5,720
Computer 1,880
Vehicle Purchase 30,000 30,000
7,6001 396,545 407,425 465,425 486,425
SHANTY BAY
Operation manual 2,500
Well inspection . 1,500
MonitorinQ PLC 5,200
Standby Power 43,200
EnQineerinQ report 9,500
52,400 01 9,500 01
HARBOURWOOD
Operation manual 2,500
Well inspection 1,500
MonitorinQ PLC 5,200
Standby power 40,000
enQineerinQ report 7,500
49,2001 0 7,500 0
1 .
SUGAR BUSH
Operation manual 2,500
MonitorinQ PLC 9,290
Engineering report 7,500
Well -pump # 2 20,000
11,7901 20,000 I 7,500 0
.
CEDARBROOK
Operation manual 2.500
MonitorinQ PLC 4,645
Well inspection 1,5001
Standby Power 29,700
EnQineerinQ report 7,500
Chlorine standby pump 2,000 . I
Well Pump # 1 & # 2 3,000 I
i 3,0001
40,345/ 3,0001 7,5001 3,0001
1--- I 1 I
CANTERBURY I I I I
.--.,--
Operation manual 2,5001 _____1 i I
I
~~nitoring PLC 4,645: I !
I 1,5001 - I
Well Inspection I I I
I I
. .
,
l
PROJECT
_..-
Standby Power __
Engineering repo~
Chlorine standby. pump
Well- pump # 1
MAPLEWOOD
Operation manual
Monitoring PLC
Well inspection
Lock out
Standby power
Engineering report
2nd well/sec.capl flow meter
MEDONTE HILLS
f----. -. .... -_.
Operation manual
Monitoring PLC
Well Inspection
Standby poyver
Engineering report
Main line valves
Water meters
Well pumps # 1 & # 2
ROBIN CREST
Operation manual
Monitoring PLC
Engineering report
Water meters
-,_.~_......
-.
WARMINSTER
Pumphouse _
Operation manual
YY.f?lIlnspection __
Abandon Well # 2
___n_
MonitorinfLPLC ._.
Standby Pqwer__
~gineeri!:,.9 re.p.2rt__
CAPITAL FORECAST 2004-2008
WATER DEPARTMENT
2004
29,700
2005 2006
2,000
40,3451
2,500
4,645
1,500
1,500
29,700
39,845
---
2,500
4,645
1,500
29,700
5,000
43,345
2,500
4,645
30,000
37,145
-
396,000
2,500
1,5001 __.
3.000~
4,645
29,700
I .
I
437,3451
7,500
3,000
3,0001 7,500
40,000
40,000
5,000
31,500
36,5001
I
I
5,500
5,5001
'-
..--
7,500
5,000
16,000
28,500 I
\
7,500
oj
I
I
I
I
7,500
-'
01
5,500
5,5001
2007
5,000
5,000
2008
o
,.
'.'
01
".
01
I
I
01
I
,
, .
..
CAPITAL FORECAST 2004-2008
WATER DEPARTMENT
PROJECT 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
-
CRAIGHURST
Operation manual . 2,500 I
Well Inspection 1,500
Standby Power 29,700
Monitoring PLC 5,200 i
Engineering report 9,500
Well pumps 1 & 2 10,000
Booster pumps 3,000
38,900 0 9,500 13,000
.
HORSESHOE HIGHLANDS .
Operation manual 2,500
Well inspection 1,500
Monitoring PLC 4,645
Fill & Grading around well # 1 & 2 1,500
Control valve 10,000
_ . ..n ,,'__'_n' 1 -..--
Engineering report 5,500
Water tower ainting 35,000
20,145 35,000 I 5,500 0
I
TOTAL PROJECTS 818,405 534,045 508,925 486,425 486,425
FUNDING SOURCE
Ostarfunding 147,601
Water Reserves 184,379 47,620 22,500
User fees 486,425 486,425 486,425 486,425 486,425
I I
818,405 534,045 508,925 486,425 486,425
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE MINUTES
2003-2006 TERM
Monday, June 14, 2004 @ 7:01 p.m.
Robinson Room I Council Chambers
Present:
Council Representatives
Mayor J. Neil Craig
Deputy Mayor Harry Hughes
Councillor Dan Buttineau
Councillor Ralph Hough
Councillor Paul Marshall
Councillor John Crawford
Councillor Ruth Fountain
Public Representatives
Terry Allison
Robert Barlow
Mel Coutanche
Craig Drury
Regrets:
John Miller
Staff Present:
Jennifer Zieleniewski, CAO; Andria Leigh, Senior Planner; Nick
McDonald, Meridian Planning Consultants Inc.; Janette Teeter,
Clerk's Assistant
Also Present:
Marg Rohmann; Udo Rohmann; Lester Cooke; Cristina Cooke; Carl
Arnold; Anna Arnold; Michael Squires; Heather Squires; Pam
Mufett; Gerry Murfitt; M. Garrell-Bowers; R. Peer; Paula Kirsh; Les
Kirsh; Kevin Anderson, Gino Reale, Moon Point Corporation;
Brandi Clement, Jones Consulting Group; Jim Hartman, Greenland
Consulting Engineers; Geza Gaspardy, Watershed Management
Ecology; Bryan Whitehead, Christine Gutmann, Rural Development
Consultants Limited; Gary Hatt, Mitchell, Hatt & Associates Inc.
1. Opening of Meeting by Chair.
Mayor J. Neil Craig assumed the chair and called the meeting to order.
2. Adoption of Agenda.
Motion No. P AC-1
Moved by Craig Drury, Seconded by Terry Allison
It is recommended that the agenda for the Planning Advisory Committee meeting of
Monday, June 14, 2004 be received and adopted.
Carried.
3. Declaration of Pecuniary Interest and the General Nature Thereof - in
Accordance with the Act.
None declared.
4. l\I,Iinutes of Previous Meetings - April 19, 2004.
Motion No. PAC-2
Moved by Craig Drury, Seconded by Terry Allison
It is recommended that the minutes of the Planning Advisory Committee Meeting held
on April 19, 2004 be received.
Carried.
5. Correspondence and Communication.
a. Jim Woodford - An open letter to Planning Advisory Committee members re:
Georgian North Lands Ltd. submitted bye-mail April 27, 2004.
Motion No. PAC-3
Moved by Craig Drury, Seconded by Terry Allison
It is recommended that the correspondence dated April 27, 2004 from Jim Woodford re:
Georgian North Lands Ltd. / Buffalo Springs be received.
Carried.
b. Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing - Planning Reform - Planning Act
Reform and Implementation Tools - June 2004.
Motion No. PAC-4
Moved by Terry Allison, Seconded by Craig Drury
It is recommended that the correspondence dated June 1, 2004 from John Gerretsen,
Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing re: Planning Reform be received.
Carried.
Planning Advisory Committee Meeting - June 14,2004
Page 2
6. Planning Applications.
a. Planning Report prepared by Andria Leigh, Senior Planner Re: Lester Cooke -
South Part of Lot 17, Concession 3 (Orillia), Application P-159/03 (OPA and
ZBA).
Motion No. PAC-5
Moved by Terry Allison, Seconded by Craig Drury
It is recommended that Report No. PD 2004-28, Andria Leigh, Senior Planner, re:
Lester Cooke, Development Application P-159/03, Concession 3, South Part of Lot 17
(Orillia), Township of Oro-Medonte be received and adopted; and further that
Development Application P-159/03 for Official Plan and Zoning By-law Amendments
submitted by Lester Cooke proceed to a public meeting in accordance with the
requirements of the Planning Act, once an Environmental Impact Study (EIS) has been
completed and is determined to be satisfactory by staff.
Defeated.
Motion No. PAC-6
Moved by Robert Barlow, Seconded by Mel Coutanche
It is recommended that Report No. PD 2004-28, Andria Leigh, Senior Planner, re:
Lester Cooke, Development Application P-159/03, Concession 3, South Part of Lot 17
(Orillia), Township of Oro-Medonte be received.
Carried.
Motion No. PAC-7
Moved by Robert Barlow, Seconded by Mel Coutanche
It is recommended that Option 2 of Report No. PD 2004-28 which reads, "an
Environmental Impact Study (EIS) be required; a further report to Planning Advisory
Committee be prepared; a determination be made in that report whether a public
meeting would be held or if further information was required" be adopted; and further
that the applicant proceed accordingly.
Carried.
Planning Advisory Committee Meeting - June 14, 2004
Page 3
b. Planning Report prepared by Nick McDonald, Meridian Planning Consultants Inc. Re:
CRA Developments - West Part of Lot 26, Concession 9 (Oro), Application 2004-0PA-
03 and 2004-ZBA-04.
Motion No. PAC-8
Moved by Terry Allison, Seconded by Craig Drury
It is recommended that Report No. PO 2004-27, Nick McDonald, Meridian Planning Consultants
Inc., re: Applications for Official Plan and Zoning By-Law Amendment - CRA Developments Ltd
-2004-0PA-03 and 2004-ZBA-04 be received and adopted; and further that Applications 2004-
OPA-03 and 2004-ZBA-04, submitted by CRA Developments, proceed to a public meeting in
accordance with the requirements of the Planning Act, once an Environmental Impact Study
(EIS) and hydrogeological assessment has been completed and is deemed to be satisfactory by
staff.
Carried.
c. Planning Report prepared by Nick McDonald, Meridian Planning Consultants Inc. Re:
Judith Thatcher - Part of Lot 15, Concession 9 (Medonte), Application 2004-SUB-02.
Motion No. PAC-9
Moved by Mel Coutanche, Seconded by Terry Allison
It is recommended that Report No. PO 2004-29, Nick McDonald, Meridian Planning Consultants
Inc., re: Application for Plan of Subdivision, Part of Lot 15, Concession 9 (Medonte), Township
of Oro-Medonte, 2004-SUB-02 be received and adopted; and further that Development
Application 2004-SUB-02 for a proposed Plan of Subdivision submitted by Greg and Judi
Thatcher proceed to a public meeting in accordance with Section 51 of The Planning Act.
Carried.
d. Planning Report prepared by Nick McDonald, Meridian Planning Consultants Inc. Re:
Columbus Boys Camp (Moon Point Development Corp.) - Part of Lot 15 and 16,
Concession 3 (Orillia), Application 2004-0PA-02, 2004-ZBA-09, 2004-SUB-01.
Motion No. PAC-10
Moved by Mel Coutanche, Seconded by Terry Allison
It is recommended that Report No. PD 2004-26, Nick McDonald, Meridian Planning Consultants
Inc., re: Moon Point Development Applications 2004-0PA-02, 2004-ZBA-09, 2004-SUB-01
Concession 3, West Part of Lots 15 & 16 (Orillia), Township of Oro-Medonte be received and
adopted; and further that applications submitted by Moon Point Development for Official Plan
and Zoning By-law Amendments and Plan of Subdivision proceed to a public meeting in
accordance with the requirements of the Planning Act.
Carried.
Planning Advisory Committee Meeting - June 14,2004
Page 4
7. Other Business.
a. Memorandum from Meridian Planning Consultants Inc. re: Proposed
Provincial Policy Statement Amendments (For Information Only).
Discussion.
b. Next Meeting - Monday July 12 at 7:00 p.m.
8. Adjournment
Motion No. PAC-11
Moved by Mel Coutanche, Seconded by Craig Drury
It is recommended that we do now adjourn at 9:40 p.m.
Carried.
Mayor, J. Neil Craig
Senior Planner, Andria Leigh
Planning Advisory Committee Meeting - June 14, 2004
Page 5
Committee of Adiustment Minutes
C\b~
Thursdav June 10.2004.9:30 a.m.
In Attendance: Chairman Dave Edwards, Member Lynda Aiken, Member Michelle
Lynch, Member Garry Potter, Senior Planner Andria Leigh and Junior Planner/Acting
Secretary-Treasurer Andy Karaiskakis.
Absent Member: Allan Johnson
1. Communications and Corresuondence
-Those received will be addressed at the time of the specific hearing.
2. Disclosure of Pecuniary Interest
- None declared
3. Hearin2s:
9:30
2004-B-16
James H. Martin
Cone. 5, Part Lot 4 (Oro)
In Attendance: Jim Martin, applicant, Jeff Maize, neighbour.
Decision
Moved by Lynda Aiken, seconded by Garry Potter
"That the Committee hereby Grant Consent Application 2004-B-16 as per the
recommendations of the planning report being a lot of 83.82 metres (275 feet) of
frontage, a lot depth of 114.3 metres (375 feet), and a lot area of 1.02 hectares (2.5 acres)
and be subject to the following conditions:
1. That three copies of a Reference Plan of the subject lands prepared by an Ontario
Land Surveyor be submitted to the Committee Secretary;
2. That the applicant prepare and submit a copy of the proposed conveyance for the
parcel severed, for review by the Municipality;
3. That the applicant pay $ 500.00 for the lot created as cash-in-lieu of a parkland
contribution;
4. That the applicant pay a Development Charges Fee to the Township in the amount
determined by Council as of the date the fee is received by the Township;
~\~-
5. That the applicant apply for and obtain a re-zomng on the severed land to
accurately reflect the residential land use;
6. That the severed lot be subject to Site Plan Control in order to minimize the tree
removal of this parcel and to identify the building amenity area and driveway
location;
7. That the future driveway be located at the north side of the severed lot for sight
distance and that an entrance permit be approved by the roads department; and,
8. That the conditions of consent imposed by the Committee be fulfilled within one
year from the date of the giving of the notice.
.,
\'
... ;.Carried."
9:40
2004-A-20
Martin Kichuk
Plan 798, Lot 66 (Oro)
88 Lakeshore Road E.
In Attendance: Martin Kichuk, applicant, Paul Barkowski, agent
Decision
Moved by Lynda Aiken, seconded by Michelle Lynch
"That the Committee hereby Approve Minor Variance application 2004-A-20, subject to
".
the following conditions:
1. That an Ontario Land Surveyor provide verification to the Township of compliance
with the Committee's decision by 1) pinning the footing and 2) verifying in writing
prior to pouring of the foundation by way of survey/real property report prepared by
an Ontario Land Surveyor;
2. That the proposed dwelling be located no closer than 4.5 metres (15 feet) from the
exterior yard;
3. That the proposed landing be located no closer than 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) from the
exterior yard;
4. That the proposed driveway be located no closer than 3.048 metres (10 feet) from
the intersection of the front lot line and the exterior side lot line and that the
applicant obtain approval for the proposed entrance from the Roads Department;
5. That the setbacks be in conformity with the dimensions as set out in the application
and approved by Committee;
2
6. That the applicant satisfy the comments from the Engineering Department through
the roads entrance permit application;
7. That the applicant obtain approval for a Part 8 Sewage Application from the
Township of Oro-Medonte Building Department;
8. That the appropriate building permit be obtained from the Township's Chief
Building Official only after the Committee's decision becomes final and binding, as
provided for within the Planning Act R.S.O. 1990, c. P. 13.
...Carried."
9:50
2004-A-21
Thomas Chillman
Cone. 8, West Part Lot 26 (Oro)
971 Line 7 S.
In Attendance: Thomas Chillman, applicant
Decision
Moved by Lynda Aiken, seconded by Michelle Lynch
"That the Committee hereby Defer Minor Variance application 2004-A-21 to provide
an opportunity for the applicant to contact the Planning Department and review
various options the applicant has in order to proceed with the proposal.
...Carried"
10:00
2004-B-20
Raymond Lalande & David
Burgess
Cone. 9, Plan 1642, Lot 6 (Oro)
762 Lakeshore Road E.
In Attendance: Ray Lalande & David Burgess, applicants.
Acting Secretary-Treasurer read letter from Paul & Bernice Van Loenen, 5
Kirkpatrick St., received June 4, 2004 verbatim to the Committee members and
those present in the audience.
Decision
Moved by Garry Potter, seconded by Lynda Aiken
3
"That the Committee hereby Grant Consent Application 2004-B-20 subject to the
following conditions:
1. That three copies of a Reference Plan of the new lots be prepared by an Ontario
Land Surveyor and be submitted to the Secretary-Treasurer;
2. That the applicant prepare and submit a copy of the proposed conveyance for each
parcel severed, for review by the Municipality;
3. That the applicants verify that the existing sewage system will meet the required 5
metres setback to the proposed property line, to the satisfaction of the Township
Building Department;
"
4. That the applicant dedicate to the Municipality $500.00 as a parkland contribution
for each lot to be created as cash-in-lieu of a parkland contribution pursuant to
subsection 53(12) of the Planning Act, R.S.O. 1990c. P. 13.;
5. That a Development Charges Fee be paid to the Township of Oro-Medonte in the
amount determined by Council as of the date the fee is received by the Township;
and,
6. That the conditions of consent imposed by the Committee be fulfilled within one
year from the date of the giving of this notice as noted below.
... ..Carried."
2004-A-22
Raymond Lalande & David' .
Burgess
Cone. 9, Plan 1642, Lot 6 (Oro)
762 Lakeshore Road E.
In Attendance: Ray Lalande & David Burgess, applicants.
Decision
Moved by Garry Potter, seconded by Michelle Lynch
"That the Committee hereby Grant Minor Variance application 2004-A-22 subject to the
satisfaction of Consent application 2004-B-20 and of the following condition:
1. That the applicants verify that the existing sewage system will meet the required 5
metres setback to the proposed property line, to the satisfaction of the Township
Building Department; and,
2. That the applicants remove the existing sheds located on the severed lot.
4
10:10
2004-A -23
Sharon Lindale
Plan 629, Lots 10 & 11 (Oro)
21 Nelson St.
In Attendance: Nick & Sharon Lindale, applicants
Decision
Moved by Michelle Lynch, seconded by Lynda Aiken
"That the Committee hereby Grant Minor Variance application 2004-A-23 as follows:
THAT PERMISSION TO EXPAND A LEGAL NON-CONFORMING USE IS
GRANTED FOR 21 NELSON STREET FOR A 95.5 M2 (1028 FT2) SIDE-SPLIT
ADDITION ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE EXISTING COTTAGE
and subject to the following conditions:
1. That the appropriate building permit be obtained from the Township's Chief
Building Official only after the Committee's decision becomes final and binding,
as provided for within the Planning Act R.S.O. 1990, c.P. 13~
2. That the applicant obtains approval and a permit, if required, from the Nottawasaga
Valley Conservation Authority~
3. That the setbacks be in conformity with the dimensions as set out in the application
and approved by Committee~
4. That the applicant obtains approval for a Part 8 Sewage Application from the
Township of Oro-Medonte Building Department; and,
5. That the applicant provide to the Township Building Department verification that
the addition will meet the minimum setback requirements to the existing sewage
system.
... ..Carried."
10:20
2004-A-24
Stan & Shirley Barber
Cone. 6, East Part Lot 12 (Oro)
1340 Line 6 N.
In Attendance: Stan & Shirley Barber, applicants
Acting Secretary-Treasurer read letter from Craig Cooper, Lake Simcoe Region
Conservation Authority, received June 4, 2004 verbatim to the Committee members
and those present in the audience.
5
Decision
\~-
Moved by Lynda Aiken, seconded by Garry Potter
"That the Committee hereby Grant Minor Variance application 2004-A-24 to permit an
86.9 square metre detached accessory building in the Environmental Protection (EP) zone
and subject to the following conditions:
1. That an Ontario Land Surveyor provide verification to the Township of compliance
with the Committee's decision by 1) pinning the footing and 2) verifying in writing
prior to pouring of the foundation by way of survey/real property report prep,ared by
an Ontario Land Surveyor;
2. That the setbacks be in conformity with the dimensions as set out in the application,
as submitted;
3. That the applicant maintain a minimum front yard setback of 7,6 metres (25 feet)
for the detached accessory building;
4. Verification would be required for the garage to meet the minimum setbacks to
the sewage system; and,
5. That the appropriate building permit be obtained from the Township's Chief
Building Official only after the Committee's decision becomes final and binding,
as provided for within the Planning Act R.S.O. 1990, c.P. 13.
...Carried."
... .
10:30
2004-A-25
Robert Hoski & Julie Iam.arino
Cone. 4, Plan M -456, Lot 135
(Oro)
12 Chestnut Lane
In Attendance: Rob Hoski, applicant
Decision
Moved by Garry Potter, seconded by Michelle Lynch
"That the Committee hereby Grant Minor Variance application 2004-A-25, subject to the
following conditions:
1. That the side yard setback from the garage be located no closer than 2.0 metres (6.5
feet) from the interior side yard;
6
2. That the setbacks be in conformity with the dimensions as set out in the application
and approved by Committee; and,
3. That the appropriate building permit be obtained from the Township's Chief
Building Official only after the Committee's decision becomes final and binding, as
provided for within the Planning Act R.S.O. 1990, c. P. 13.
...Carried"
10:40
2004-A-26
Michael & Kristen Hill
Cone. 3, North Part Lot 8
(Medonte)
4422 Line 3 N.
"
".'
In Attendance: Mike Hill, applicant
Decision
Moved by Michelle Lynch, seconded by Lynda Aiken
"That the Committee hereby Grant Minor Variance application 2004-A-26 subj~ct to the
following conditions:
1. That the ground floor area of the structure shall not exceed 92.9 m2 (1000 ft2) and
the height of the structure from grade to midway between the eaves and peak shall
not exceed 5 metres (16.5 feet);
"
2. That the interior side yard setback for the proposed structure shall be no closer
than 2 m (6.5 ft);
3. That the proposed structure shall be used in accordance with the permitted uses of
the Agricultural/Rural (AIRU) zone based on the minimum lot area requirements;
4. That the proposed structure meet the minimum setbacks to the sewage system to
the satisfaction of the Building Department;
5. That an Ontario Land Surveyor provide verification to the Township of
compliance with the Committee's decision by 1) pinning the footing and 2)
verifying in writing prior to pouring of the foundation by way of survey/real
property report; and,
6. That the appropriate building permit be obtained from the Township's Chief
Building Official only after the Committee's decision becomes final and binding,
as provided for within the Planning Act R.S.O. 1990, c.P. 13.
... ..Carried."
7
10:50
2004-B-21
Sandy Agnew
Cone. 2, West Part Lot 71
(Medonte)
1305 Scarlett Line
In Attendance: Sandy Agnew, applicant, Ron Reid, Couchiching Conservancy, Jim
Harvey, neighbour.
Decision
Moved by Garry Potter, seconded by Lynda Aiken
"That the Committee hereby Grant Consent Application 2004-B-21 subject to the
following conditions:
1. That three copies of a Reference Plan of the subject lands prepared by an Ontario
Land Surveyor be submitted to the Committee Secretary;
2. That the applicant prepare and submit a copy of the proposed conveyance for the
parcel severed, for review by the Municipality;
3. That the conditions of consent imposed by the Committee be fulfilled within one
year from the date of the giving of the notice.
...Carried."
11:00
A-19/03(Rev)
Bowman Builder Ltd.
Plan M-10, Lot 14 (Medonte)
13 Pine Ridge Trail
In Attendance: Randy Bowman, applicant, John D'Amico, surveyor
Decision
Moved by Garry Potter, seconded by Lynda Aiken
"That the Committee hereby Approve Minor Variance application A-19/03 as revised,
subject to the following conditions:
1. That an Ontario Land Surveyor provide verification to the Township of compliance
with the Committee's decision by 1) pinning the footing and 2) verifying in writing
prior to pouring of the foundation by way of survey/real property report prepared by
an Ontario Land Surveyor;
2. That the proposed dwelling be located no closer than 6.5 metres (21.3 feet) from the
front lot line;
3. That the proposed dwelling be located no closer than 0 metres (0 feet) from the
slope exceeding 33% or 3 to 1;
8
4. That the setbacks be in conformity with the dimensions as set out in the application
and approved by Committee;
5. That the applicants obtain approval for a Part 8 Sewage Application from the
Township of Oro-Medonte Building Department;
6. That the appropriate building permit be obtained from the Township's Chief
Building Official only after the Committee's decision becomes final and binding, as
provided for within the Planning Act R.S.O. 1990, c. P. 13.
...Carried"
4. Other Business
"
\'
1. Moved by Lynda Aiken, Seconded by Michelle Lynch
"That the minutes for the May 13th 2004 Meeting be adopted as printed and
circulated '
. . . Carried."
5. Adjournment
Moved by Michelle Lynch, Seconded by Lynda Aiken
"We do now adjourn at 12:25 p.m."
. .. Carried.
(NOTE: A tape of this meeting is available for review.)
9
Cic -\
Dept. Report No. To: Prepared By:
Andria Leigh
PD2004-032 Committee of the Whole Senior Planner
Subject: Department:
Council Building/Planning
Parkland Dedication Policy
C. of W. Date:
June 23, 2004
Motion # A.M. File #:
Date: Roll #:
TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
II BACKGROUND:
II
In December of 2003, Township Department Heads were consulted by the Planning
Department with respect to the Township's current parkland dedication policy.
Specifically, comments were requested on whether the current policy should be
updated pursuant to the Planning Act to secure lands and or appropriate funds through
the parkland dedication and cash-in-lieu process. The intent would be to ensure that
new development paid an appropriate share of the cost of parkland development.
OPA #17, which was adopted by Council in August 2003 indicates that Council shall
enact a Parkland Dedication By-law that establishes the rate of parkland dedication in
the Township.
Consensus amongst senior staff was that the current policy is antiquated and
consideration should be given to updating parkland dedication requirements in the
Township. On this basis, this report has been prepared to provide Council with direction
and a recommendation on this issue.
9c-;l
R CASH-IN-LlEU MAY BE OBTAINED UNDER THE PLANNING ACT:
There are two sections in the Planning Act that authorize a municipality to obtain
parkland or cash-in-lieu of parkland. A summary of these sections is provided below:
Section 42
. Section 42(1) of the Act allows a municipality to collect 5% of land or cash-in-lieu
where land is proposed for development or redevelopment.
. Sub-section (1) also requires the municipality to pass a by-law to enact the cash-in-
lieu parkland dedication requirement permitted under Section 42.
. Sub-section (6) specifies that the cash-in-lieu value is determined by assessiMg the
value of the lot on the day before a buildinq permit is issued. This Sub-section also
specifies that if multiple permits are required (i.e. a plan of subdivision), the parkland
dedication would be based on the value of all lots on the day before the first permit
is issued.
. Sub-section (7) establishes that only one section of the Planning Act (Section 42 or
51 .1) may be used to collect parkland fees. Section 42 was added after a legal
action was taken against the City of Mississauga for requiring payments under both
Sections.
Section 51.1
. Section 51.1 (1) of the Act allows a municipality to collect 5% of land or cash-in-lieu
where land is proposed to be subdivided by Plan of Subdivision or by consent to
sever.
. Sub-section 4) specifies that value is determined by assessing the value of the lot
on the day before provisional consent or draft approval is qranted. This means that
cash-in-lieu fees would be paid, in the case of a severance, as a condition of
provisional consent, and in a plan of subdivision, as a condition of draft approval,
prior to registration.
II WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SECTION 42 AND 51.1?
II
. The key difference between the two sections is the method used to determine value.
Clearly, the value of land prior to obtaining a building permit is much higher than the
value of raw land prior to draft approval or provisional consent.
- 2 -
9c-
. For example - if the Township permits the severance of a 1 hectare lot from a 40
hectare rural parcel, under Section 51.1, the applicant would be required to pay 5%
of 1/40th of the value of the entire parcel. This means that if the 40 hectare holding
has an appraised value of $275,000, 1 hectare has a value of$6,875 and the cash-
in-lieu payment would be 5% of $6,875 or $343.75.
. Under Section 42, the 5% is applied to the value of the 1.0 hectare building lot on
the day before the building permit is issued. Therefore if the value of the building lot
is $45,000, the required parkland dedication would be $2,250.
. In summary, using Section 42 would net $2,250, while the Section 51.1 method
would net $343,75 on the same rural residential lot.
OLlCY
In the consent granting process, the Township currently requires a standard payment of
$500 for each new residential lot in accordance with By-law 94-44, if actual parkland is
not dedicated. This is essentially a modified approach to Section 51.1 of the Planning
Act.
In the approval of Plans of Subdivision, where land is not required for parkland
purposes, the Township also uses the approach under Section 51.1 and requires cash-
in-lieu, which is determined as 5% of the appraised value of the raw land on the day
before draft plan approval was granted.
ES USED BY OTHER MUNICIPALITIES
We have canvassed a number of municipalities to determine how parkland dedication is
managed across the County in the consent granting process. The following provides a
summary of a number of approaches to dealing with the issue:
. The Townships of Essa and Severn do not require cash-in-lieu of parkland for the
creation of new lots by severance.
. The Township of Springwater charges $700 for each new lot created.
. The Township of Clearview charges a fee of $200 for a rural lot and $300 for a lot in
an urban area.
. The Townships of Tiny and Tay require payment of 5% of the appraised value of the
lot, with such value derived on the day before Provisional Consent is granted.
. The City of Orillia charges the greater of a flat fee of $2,000 per lot or $40 per foot of
frontage on any new residential lot created by severance.
. The City of Barrie charges a fee of 5% of the appraised value of a lot created by
consent, with such value determined the day before a building permit is granted.
- 3 -
. The Town of Midland has a similar approach to Barrie but also will allow a fee of 5%
of the value of a new lot based on an authorized offer of purchase and sale.
THE OPTIONS
1. Do nothing and leave the parkland fee at $500 for new lots created by consent and
5% land dedication or cash-in lieu for Plans of Subdivision under Section 51.1 of the
Planning Act;
2. Require an appraisal to determine the value of the raw land to derive the 5% fee for
both lots created by consent and subdivision in accordance with Section 51.1 of the
Planning Act;
3. Require an appraisal to determine the value of any new lot "prior to building permit"
to derive the 5% for both lots created by consent and subdivision in accordance with
Section 42 of the Planning Act; or,
4. Increase the parkland dedication fee under the authority of Section 42 of the
Planning Act, but establish a fee that would apply to all lots created by consent or
subdivision in the Township to minimize additional costs to the applicant and to
simplify administration.
II ANALYSIS
I~
It is our opinion that Council should continue to maintain the principle that new
development should be responsible for the additional services required as a result of
growth. This includes the cost to supply and improve parkland. As more residents from
urban areas move to the Township, there will continue to be increasing demands. for
high quality parkland in a variety of locations.
In addition, instead of obtaining small amounts of parkland in every development, it is
anticipated that the cash-in-lieu requirement will be a condition more often in the future
as the Township attempts to develop larger parks in more central locations (such as
Sweetwater Park). The Planning Act provides a mechanism whereby these increasing
demands can be met at the development stage, instead of through the taxation
process. Options 3 and 4 will achieve this objective, while Options 1 and 2 will not.
- 4 -
In order to assess the impact of using Section 42 of the Act as part of the consent
granting process, an analysis of lot creation by consent between 2001 and 2004 was
undertaken. In this time period, there were 50 new lots created by consent in the
Township. Table 1 provides a summary of where these lots were located, compares the
amount of cash-in-lieu that was obtained under the Township's current requirements as
well as an estimate of what dollar amount could have been obtained using Section 42
of the Planning Act to determine value:
Table 1 - Comparison of Cash-in-lieu Generated
Through Current Practice and Section 42
Location Number Lots Cash-in-Lieu Section 42 Estimate*
Created Obtained
Settlement/Estate 19 $9,500 $87,875
Shoreline 8 $4,000 $80,000
Rural/Ag. Area 23 $11,500 $51,750
Total 50 $25,000 $219,625
*Average estimated value for settlement lot is $92,500, shoreline lot $200,000 and rural lot is
$45,000.
Table 1 indicates that if cash-in-lieu were determined on the basis of lot value prior to
building permit, the Township would have theoretically increased their parkland
revenues by more than 800% between 2001 and 2003. Clearly Option 3 would provide
a substantial increase in parkland revenue over the existing practice,
Option 4 has been added for consideration to provide a potential compromise between
the current practice and the substantial increase represented by Option 3. Based on
Table 1, it is suggested that a reasonable update to the current fee would be $2,000.
Under the Section 42 basis for value, this would still only reflect a value of between
2.5% and 4,5 % of most new residential lots in the Township. This means that the
Township would not be obtaining the full amount in all cases, but an amount that is
more reflective of the value of the lot.
In the case of Plans of Subdivision, it is also recommended that the same standard
apply, since a dwelling unit created on a lot by consent will have the same impact on
services as a lot created in a Plan of Subdivision or condominium. However, in the
case of a subdivision or condominium, it is our opinion that developers be given the
opportunity to retain an appraiser to determine value to lower the per lot/unit parkland
dedication. If the appraisal determines that the value per lot is less than $2,000.00 per
lot and if the appraisal is accepted by the Township, then the lesser value will be paid.
If the appraisal determines that the value of the lot is greater than $2,000.00, only
$2,000.00 per lot would be paid. Given the cost of an appraisal and the current value of
rural and shoreline lots, there would be no benefit to the landowner developing a lot by
consent to retain an appraiser.
In addition to the above, the Township of Oro-Medonte also has a significant
community of timeshare residents. Given the quasi-residential/commercial nature of
these types of facilities, it is recommended that timeshare facilities be subject only to
- 5 -
the 2% dedication requirement, the same as for commercial and industrial lots. In the
case of timeshares, the 2% value would be applied to the combined value of all the
units before the first building permit is issued.
~(-~ .
With respect to new lots created by consent or subdivision for commercial or industrial
uses, it is recommended that the 2% cash-in-lieu requirement be set at $500.00, which
represents 25% of the cash-in-lieu amount for residential lots.
OMMENDATION S:
1. That Report PD 2004-032 be received and adopted;
2. That the appropriate by-law be brought forward for consideration by Council.
"
\'
Respectfully submitted,
----1~ -tel
Andria Leigh, MCIP, RPP
Senior Planner
C.A.O. Comments:
Date:
C.A.O.
CQn/\ ~
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Dept. Head
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TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
REPORT
Dept. Report No. Bd2004-06 To: Council Prepared By: Ronald M Kolbe
Subject: Department:
Building Report
Council May 2004 Building
C. of W. Date: June 4, 2004
Motion # R.M. File #:
Date: Roll #:
BACKGROUND:
Buildina Permit Update
Mav To Date
Number of Permits 96 270
Number of Permits Previous Year 109 264
Construction Value $3,406,089,00 $17,993,572,00
Construction Value Previous Year $5,764,554,00 $15,554,099,00
Permit Fees $52,060,00 $161,097,00
Permit Fees Previous Year $74,935,00 $96,172,00
Part 8 Permit Fees $13,254,00 $41,754,00
Part 8 Permit Fees previous year $11,525,00 $43,185,00
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. 27 Single Family Dwellings Bringing Total To Date of 75
. Total permits fees are almost 60% above the amount from last year.
1. THAT Report No. Bd2004-06 be received and adopted.
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Ro aid M. Kolbe, CBCO, AscT, MAATO
Director of Building/Planning Development
C.A.O. Comments:
Date:
C.A.O.
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BuildinQ Definitions
ACCADD
ACCBLDG
ACCDEM
AGR
AGRADD
AGRREN
ChangeUse
COM
COMADD
COMDEM
COMREN
DECK
DEMOLITION
FIREPLACE
GARAGE
INDADD
MISC
MRES
POOL
PORCHCOV Covered Porch
PUB Public Building
SEPTIC New Septic System
SFD Single Family Dwelling
SFDADD Single Family Dwelling Addition
SFDDEM Single Family Dwelling Demolition
SFDREN Single Family Dwelling Renovation
SHED
SIGNS
SUNROOM
Accessory Building Addition
Accessory Building
Accessory Building Demolition
Agricultural Building
Agricultural Building Addition
Agricultural Building Renovation
Septic - Change of Use
Commercial Building
Commercial Building Addition
Commercial Building Demolition
Commercial Building Renovation
Industrial Addition
Miscellaneous
Multi-Residential
Buildina Definitions
ACCADD
ACCBLDG
ACCDEM
AGR
AGRADD
AGRREN
ChangeUse
COM
COMADD
COMDEM
COMREN
DECK
DEMOLITION
FIREPLACE
GARAGE
INDADD
MiSe
MRES
POOL
PORCHCOV Covered Porch
PUB Public Building
SEPTIC New Septic System
SFD Single Family Dwelling
SFDADD Single Family Dwelling Addition
SFDDEM Single Family Dwelling Demolition
SFDREN Single Family Dwelling Renovation
SHED
SIGNS
SUN ROOM
Accessory Building Addition
Accessory Building
Accessory Building Demolition
Agricultural Building
Agricultural Building Addition
Agricultural Building Renovation
Septic - Change of Use
Commercial Building
Commercial Building Addition
Commercial Building Demolition
Commercial Building Renovation
Industrial Addition
Miscellaneous
Multi-Residential
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Permit Summary Township ofOro-Medonte
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From 2003/05/01 to 2003/05/31 Totals
. Construction Type Outstanding Complete Deficient Cancelled Permits Value Fees
ACCBLDG 5 2 0 0 7 $73.100.00 $2,225.00
AGR 1 0 0 0 1 $85,000.00 $697.00
ChangeUse 6 1 0 0 7 $0.00 $300.00
COMREN 1 0 0 0 1 $5,000.00 $0.00
DECK 6 2 0 0 8 $17,000.00 $750.00
DEMOLITION 0 1 0 0 1 $0.00 ~. $0.00
MISC 1 1 0 0 2 $12,000.00 $150.00
.,
POOL 3 3 0 0 6 $60,000.00 ,~;. ~~ $325.00
PUBREN 0 0 0 1 $63,000.00 $521.00
SEPTIC 28 5 0 0 33 $0.00 $5,600.00
SFD 20 2 5 0 27 $5,165,258.00 $41,928.00
SFDADD 5' 3 0 0 8 $269,196.00 $1,971.00
SFDDEM 2 0 0 0 2 $O.OQ. $100.00
SFDREN 3 0 0 4 $15,000.00 $275.00
SIGNS 0 1 0 0 1 $0.00 $0.00
. 82 22 5 0 109 $5,764,554.00 $54,842.00
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Alonday,Alay31,2004
For Period from Thursday, May 01,2003 to Saturday, May 31,2003
Page 1 of 1
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Permit Summary Township of Oro-Medonte
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From 2003/01101 to 2003/05/31 Totals
It j1!~~
Construction Type Outstanding Complete Deficient Cancelled Permits Value Fees
ACCADD 1 0 0 0 1 $0.00 $392.00
ACCBLDG 8 3 0 0 11 $115,400.00 $2,550.00
ACCDEM 1 3 0 0 4 $0.00 $50.00
.AGR 2 2 0 0 4 $147,000.00 $1,324.00
ChangeUse 8 0 0 9 $0.00 $300.00
COM 1 0 0 0 1 $2,000.00 $150.00
.COMREN 2 1 0 0 3 $5,000.00 $150.00
DECK 12 6 0 0 18 $25,000.00 $6,300.00
DEMOLITION 0 3 0 1 4 $0.00 $0.00
FIREPLACE 1 0 0 0 1 $0.00 $0.00
GARAGE 3 0 0 4 $54,696.00 $300.00
MISC 3 2 0 O. 5 $12,000.00 $250.00
POOL 8 4 0 0 12 $75,000.00 $775.00
PuBREN 1 0 0 0 1 $63,000.00 $521.00
SEPTIC 76 8 0 1 85 $0.00 $17,100.00
. SFD 56 5 14 0 75 $13,976,310.00 $106,574.00
SFDADD 9 6 0 0 15 $983,693.00 $6,603.00
SFDDEM 2 2 0 0 4 $0.00 $150.00
SFDREN 4 2 0 0 6 $95,000.00 $1,032.00
SIGNS 0 1 0 0 1 $0.00 $0;00
198 50 14 2 264 $15,554,099.00 $144,521.00
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Monday, May 31, 2004
For Period from Wednesday, January 01, 2003 to Saturday, May 31, 2003
Page 1 of 1
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Permit Summary Township of Oro-Medonte
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t From 2004105/01 to 2004105/31 Totals
Construction Type Outstanding Complete Deficient Cancelled Permits Value Fees
ACCBLDG 4 0 0 0 4 $225,000.00 $1,892.00
ACCREN 1 0 0 0 1 $7,000.00 $50.00
AGR 1 0 0 0 1 $65,000.00 $537.00
, ChangeUse 3 0 0 0 .3 $0.00 $0.00
COMREN 2 0 0 0 2 $331,000.00 , $1,985.00
DECK 14 0 0 0 14 $37,200.00 $1,350.00
DEMOLITION 8 0 0 0 8 $0.00 $200.00
GARAGE 0 0 0 $12,000.00 I' '$100.00
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MISC 1 0 0 0 $0.00 $0.00
POOL 3 0 0 0 3 $38,745.00 $150.()() ,
PORCHCOVER 1 0 0 0 1 $10,470.00 $150.00
PUBREN 1 0 0 0 1 $42,000.00 $343.00
SEPTIC 31 0 0 0 31 $0.00' , $3,500.00
SFD 14 0 0 0 14 $2,449,588.00 " $21,574.00
SFDADD 3 0 0 0 3 $88,264.00 $763.00
. SFDDEM 2 0 0 0 2 $0.00 $100.00
SFDREN 2 0 0 0 2 $20,()OO.00 $250.00
SIGNS 1 0 0 0 1 $7,000.00 $100.00
SUNROOM 3 0 0 0 3 $72,822.00* $602.00
96 0 0 0 96 $3,406,089.00 $33,646.00
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MQnday, May 31, 2004
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Page 10f1
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Permit Summary Township of Oro-Medonte
t From 2004101101 to 2004105/31 Totals
Construction Type Outstanding Complete Deficient Cancelled Permits Value Fees
ACCBLDG 10 0 0 0 10 $619,000.00 $5,233.00
ACCDEM 1 0 0 0 $0.00 $50.00
ACCREN 1 0 0 0 $7,000.00 $50.00
'AGR 2 1 0 0 3 $108,000.00. $944.00
AGRDEM 0 1 0 2 $0.00 $50.00
ChangeUse 14 0 0 15 $0.00, $300~00
COM 2 0 0 0 2 i $43,500.00 $337.00
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COMREN 3 0 0 0 3 $331,000.00 \' $1,985.00
DECK 19 0 0 0 19 $75,000.00 . $1,969.00
DEMOLmON 9 1 0 0 10 ' $0.00 $300.00
GARAGE 2 0 0 0 2 $27,000.00 $200.00
MISC 3 0 0 0 3 $0.00 $50.00
POOL 6 0 0 7 $58,745.00 $350.00
1?ORCHCOVER 1 0 0 0 $10,470.00 $150.00
PU13REN 1 0 0 0 1 $42,000.00 $343.00
. RENOVATION 4 0 0 0 4 $47,500.00 $375.00
SEPTIC 93 1 0 0 94 $173,098.00 $17,250.00
SFD 65 0 0 0 65 $15,816,679.00 $124,108.00
SFDADD 10 0 0 0 10 $347,264.00 $3,088.00
SFDDEM 5 1 0 0 6 $0.00 $2,067~00
SFDREN 7 0 0 0 7 $207,494.00 $2,034.00
SIGNS 1 0 0 0 1 $7,000.00 $100.00
SUNROOM 3 0 0 0 3 $72.822.00 $602.00
262 7 0 1 270 $17,993,572.00 $161,935.00
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Monday, May 31, 2004
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