2001-102 To Authorize Participation in the Willow Creek Subwatershed Study Committee and to Authorize the Expenditure of Funds for such a Joint Study
.
THE CORPORATION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
BY-LAW NO. 2001-102
,
Being a By-law to Authorize Participation in the Willow Creek Subwatershed
Study Committee and to Authorize the Expenditure of Funds for such a Joint
Study
WHEREAS the Municipal Act, R.5.0. 1990, Chapter MAS, Section 207, Paragraph 12,
as amended, provides that a Corporation may become a member of any Association or
organization where in the opinion of Council it would be in the interest of the
Municipality to do so, and to make contributions for the expenses of the Association or
organization;
AND WHEREAS it is deemed expedient to participate jointly with the Township of
Springwater, the City of Barrie and the Nottawasaga Valley Conservation Authority in
the Willow Creek Subwatershed Study and to expend funds for such a Joint Study;
NOW THEREFORE the Council of The Corporation of the Township of Oro-Medonte
hereby enacts as follows:
1. That The Corporation of the Township of Oro-Medonte participate in the Willow
Creed Subwatershed Study Committee with the Township of Springwater, the City of
Barrie and the Nottawasaga Valley Conservation Authority as outlined in the Terms
of Reference for the Study in the form of Schedule "A" attached hereto and forming
part of this By-law.
2. That The Corporation of the Township of Oro-Medonte be authorized to expend
funds for the purpose of this study as outlined in the Terms of Reference for the
Study in the form of Schedule "A" attached hereto and forming part of this By-law.
By-law read a first and second time this 17th day of October 2001.
By-law read a third time and finally passed this 17tldayof October 2001.
THE CORPORATION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF ORO-MEDONTE
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Schedule A to BY-LAW 2001-102
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Willow Creek Subwatershed Study
Terms of Reference
December, 2000
City ofBanie
Oro- Medonte Township
Springwater Township
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Table of Contents
1.0 Background 3
2.0 Study Area 4
I 3.0 Issues Identification 5
4.0 Purpose, Goal and Objectives 6
5.0 Study Process 7
6.0 Schedule 9
7.0 Consultation 10
8.0 Funding 10
9.0 Content of Final Plan 11
Appendix A Details the Study Process
13
. Appendix B Integrated Stormwater And Watershed Management System
(ISWMSTM)
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1.0 BACKGROUND
One of societies greatest challenges today concerns the cumulative impacts of land use
and development on the health of our ecosystems. These impacts are often not limited to
the municipality in which they occur, but may also effect adjacent municipalities.
An effective way of dealing with these issues is to use an integrated, ecosystem planning
approach. The analysis and comparisons should be made Within the context of a broad
ecological unit (for example a watershed), which are often much larger than a
municipality .
Support for this type of approach comes from the "Provincial Policy Statement' (revised
t997) which indicates that "a co-ordinated approach should be achieved when dealing
with issues which cross municipal boundaries including, ... ecosystems and watershed
related issues; and shoreline and riverine hazards"... (Section t.t.t.e). .
. In 1995, the Nottawasaga Valley Conservation Authority (NVCA) in recognition of the
need for a co-ordinated ecosystem approach developed the IINottawasaga Valley
Watershed Management Plan (1996-2015)". It's goal is: liThe conservation of natural
resources within our watershed in a co-operative, integrated manner, in which human
needs are met in balance with the need to s.ustain the natural environment. "
One of the recommendations from the Watershed Plan was the preparation of
subwatershed studies for the "high priority subwatersheds". Black Ash Creek, which
passes through the Town of Collingwood, was the first study undertaken by NVCA
becaUse of flooding issues. .Willow Creek will be the second study because of land use
pressures within the subwatershed and the very significant ecological features it contains
such as the Minesing Swamp, Little Lake, Ora Moraine and cold water fisheries habitats.
The municipalities within the Willow Creek Subwatershed (City of Barrie, Oro-Medonte
and Springwater Townships) recognized that participating in a subwatershed study,would
address many of the land use and resource management issues associated with the
Willow Creek. The study will act as valuable technical input to the municipalities
planning documents such as official plans, secondary plans and subdivision applications,
As a result, the City of Barrie, Oro-Medonte and Springwater Townships, NVCA, and the
Ontario Government formed a partnership to carry out this study. NVCA is acting as the
coordinating agency.
In general, the plan is intended to provide councils with a tool, which will assist them in
making better-informed decisions, and will direct water resource management in the
following areas:
. A commitment to the integration and co-ordination of water resource
management;
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. The identification, protection, restoration and rehabilitation of the area's
significant natural heritage system, including aquatic ecosystems and significant
groundwater recharge! discharge areas;
. The enhancement of water conservation practices;
. The protection ofhwnan life and property ftom water-related hazards, such as
flooding, erosion and sedimentation.
The development of baseline water balancelbudget data and analysis will provide the
basis for an allocation fhunework. It will include the standards and criteria necessary to
sustain the aquatic ecosystems and to meet our water use needs.
The water quality of Willow and Matheson Creek as well Little Lake, and ground water
quality and quantity will also be significant components of the study.
In the past stormwater management (SWM) facilities have been constructed to prevent or
limit adverse environmental impacts of urban runoff, through the land development
process on a "case-by-case basis". This isolated approach is not the most effective or
efficient way of managing stonnwater.
Effective integration of storm water management facilities within new development
areas, as well as with existing facilities is dependent on identifying several key factors at
the subwatershed scale, including:
. a clear understanding of the subwatershed's constraints and opportunities, with
design standards based on environmental objectives and targets; and
. the selection of integrated SWM facilities and Best Management Practices
(BMP) based on an ecosystem approach supporting the same environmental
objectives and targets.
The identification, protection and restoration of Willow Creek's natural heritage system
(significant woodlands, wetlands, threatened and endangered species, valleylands, fish
and wildlife habitats and areas of natural and scientific interest or ANSIs) will also be a
very important component of this study. It will build on the existing natural heritage
systems already identified by the municipalities and the County.
2.0 STUDY AREA
Willow Creek is a large subwatershed (approx. 315 sq.lan) in the northeast comer of the
Nottawasaga Valley Watershed. Matheson Creek is the largest and most important
tributary of Willow Creek. These streams are significant Nottawasaga River tributaries
based on catchment area and discharge, and also because they contain cold water habitats
that sustains a salmonid fishery, (primarily brook trout and brown trout)
The headwaters of Willow and Matheson Creeks are located in Oro-Medonte and
Springwater Townships on the Oro Moraine, a very important recharge area and
headwaters for several other significant streams and rivers.
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Willow Creek drains in a southern and westerly direction into Little Lake and eventually
into the Nottawasaga River in Minesing Swamp, a 6000ha internationally significant
wetland.
A portion of the southern shoreline of Little Lake is within the City of Banie. The lake is
very important to both the City ofBanie and Springwater Township for recreational and
aesthetic values. '
The study area also includes the Swaley, Downey and Giffen drains. Although they are
not currently directly connected to the Willow Creek, they were included for historical
reasons. These drains may have been connected to Willow Creek through the Parker
Drain at one time, and/or waters flow ftom Willow Creek into these drains to the
Nottawasaga River during flood events.
3.0 ISSUES IDENTIFICATION
, Subwatershed planning for Willow Creek will focus on the issues associated with a
primarily rural watershed facing substantial, develops pressures.
This initial list of significant issues associated with the Willow Creek Subwatershed was
derived ftom previous studies, staff knowledge, and consultation with the municipalities.
. There is a need to establish baseline water balance/budget data to provide the
basis for a water quantity allocation framework, including standards and criteria
necessary to sustain the aquatic ecosystems; and
. There is a need to identify and protect both surface and groundwater quality (e.g.
the stream corridors, Little Lake, Minesing Swamp and groundwater
recharge/discharge areas). ,This will include the establishment of baseline
monitoring.
. The integration of existing and proposed stonnwater management sys~ems for
development areas, to improve water quality and quantity control based on our
resources objectives, targets and standards.
. The need to prevent flood and erosion damage.
. ,The need to identify, protect and restore the subwatershed's natural heritage
system (valleylands, ANSls, wetlands, threatened and endangered species,
woodlands, fish and wildlife habitats), and their ecological functions, as required
by the Provincial Policy Statement.
The subwatershed study will be tightly focused on resolving these issues, producing a
clear and concise document, which will be easily understood by all audiences.
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4.0 PURPOSE, GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
The Goal ofNVCA's Watershed Plan is "the conservation of natural resources within our
watershed in a cooperative, integrated manner in which human needs are met in balance
with the need to sustain the natural environment".
The Willow Creek Subwatershed PlanwilI help to apply this tenet locally by assisting
with:
. ensuring that new developments and land uses do not negatively impact out
ecosystem
. identifying and protecting natural features and functions;
. minimizing the impacts of natural hazards.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to prepare ail integrated sub-watershed plan, which will
address Willow Creek's water management issues, (water balance, water quality, erosion
and flooding control) and identify and protect the significant natural heritage features and
functions.
The study will develop an action plan ensuring environmental protection within the
context of a subwatershed ecosystem, while accommodation future development through
"state of the art" best management practices.
The subwatershed plan win provide recommendations to municipalities and other
stakeholders to assist in their decision-making responsibilities.
It win provide the tools for striking the balance between the demands for growth and the
need to ensure, over the long tenn, a safe, clean, and self-sustaining ecosystem .
We win retain the motto from the "Blue Mountain Watershed Conference" to "KEEP IT
SIMPLE". The study will focus on addressing the specific issues identified for the
WiUow Creek Subwatershed in a clear and concise manner.
Goal:
The Subwatershed goal is the conservation ofWil1ow Creek's natural resources in a
. cooperative, integrated manner in which human needs are met in balance with the need to
sustain and where possible restore the health of the natural environment.
Resource Objectives:
Aquatic:
· The identifiCation, protection and restoration, of the quality and quantity of
ground and surface water including, stream conidors, Little Lake, Minesing
Swamp, and groundwater recharge/discharge areas.
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. The integration and co-ordination of water resource management as much as
possible within the planning and management processes, including water
balance, stonnwater, erosion and flood control.
. The enhancement of water conservation practices.
Terrestrial:
. The identification, and protection, of the naturaJ heritage system within the
context of the subwatershed as an ecological and geographical area.
. The rehabilitation and restoration of the natural heritage system (including
riparian stream con-idors, wetlands and interior forest habitats.
5.0
STUDY PROCESS
It is always very important to identify the study's target audience. We are proposing to
prepare the subwatershed study for as diverse an audience as possible. As a result, we
will keep the body of the report simple, clear and concise, with the more technical
infonnation in the Appendix.
Our study will be a phased process. (please see Appendix A for additional details.)
Phase I:
Background Review and Mapping ,
We will collect and review all relevant planning documents, inventories of environmental
features, engineering studies, surface and groundwater quality/quantity data and reports
within the subwatershed. We will analyze this infonnationto detennine what additional
data is required.
Any written or graphic infonnation pertaining to future land use in a municipality shall be
reviewed and accepted by that municipality prior to being included within the study or
any background report.
We will coordinate with other similar studies within the watershed to avoid duplication
and promote the integration of water management activities between subwatersheds
This phase will involve assembling available infonnation, filling data gaps where
possible, establishing appropriate water quality/quantity monitoring and climate stations,
and preparing the technical models (hydrologic, and water quality). The Phase I work
will provide the basis for a clear understanding of the existing features and functions of
the natural environment in the study area.
In particular, Phase I will:
. Develop these Tenns of Reference;
. Identify watershed issues;
. Identify initial resource management objectives, and targets (It is important that we
establish S.M.A.R.T targets and standards (Specific, Measurable, , Achievable,
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Relevant and Time-bound). True perfonnance evaluation is impossible without this
, approach;
. Fonnulate a database of existing infonnation and conditions (e.g. municipal official
and secondary plan designations and "greenlands" studies) plus any other potential
development areas councils may wish to include;
. Undertake appropriate field inventories or monitoring to fill in data gaps, for
example; NVCAts Watershed Health Monitoring Program for the streams (BioMap);
the proposed WiHow Creek Water Quality Study including a nutrient baIanceJbudget
(perhaps through a MOEINVCA partnership; MOEINVCA Groundwater Monitoring
Studies;
· Identification and analysis of the natural heritage system, and its functions;
· Prepare computer models to represent the existing hydrologic, condition.
It is important to note that the proposed Willow Creek Water Quality Study and the
Groundwater Monitoring Study are important but separate components not funded by this
study. While the subwatershed plan would benefit a great deal &om these studies, we are
not "tied to them" should they be delayed. We would proceed with the available data, and
the other studies would be integrated into the subwatershed plan mainly through the
computer models, once they were completed.
Phase II:
Analysis and Evaluation
This will involve a general assessment and evaluation of the potential impacts of
proposed developments and land use on the ecosystems. It will outline possible options
for long tenn mitigation of those impacts on the environment. This will include
integration of stormwater management facilities and the implementation of Best
Management Practices (BMPs).
The ranges of biological communities that can occur in a subwatershed are determined by
the diversity of habitat characteristics and functions. Human activities are superimposed
on these various habitat characteristics and their functions. Some human influences are
direct and obvious such as the effect of land clearing and development has on interior
forest birdst and the increase in frequency of flooding. Other impacts are indirect and
subtle, such as the effects on groundwater recharge, subsequent impacts on groundwater
discharge, and ultimately on fish and other aquatic communities.
An understanding of the relationships between the watershed and its habitat
characteristics (e.g. cold water streams), its processes (e.g. flooding and erosion) and its
functions (e.g. provision of aquatic habitats), is essential. This helps us understand the
effects of past land use and the implications of future land use on our biological
communities. To assist us, the ISWMSTM (Integrated Stormwater and Watershed
Management System model was developed by Greenland International Consulting in-
conjunction with NVCA (see Appendix B for more detail). .
In particular, Phase II will:
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. Identify and evaluate impacts of proposed land use and development applications
(proposed land use changes provided by the municipalities);
. Refine the phase I hydrologic, models providing the water balancelbudget; water
quality and nutrient budget through NVCA's BioMap/watershed health
monitoring program and MOE/NVCA water quality study (if the study proceeds).
. Identify management measured to mitigate potential impacts; and,
. Based on the ecosystem objectives, targets and standards established in phase 1,
outline the strategies and approaches to achieve these targets, as weII as, if
possible, preliminary sizing and configuration of water management systems, to
integrate proposed developments.
Phase m:
Plan Preparation
This phase will develop the subwatershed plan incorporating the an~Iysis from phase II. It
will include protection, and restoration techniques for natural features and functions as
well as selected BMPs for the water management while ensuring'minimal flood/natural
hazard risks. An implementation strategy will be developed that may contain
recommendations for a long tenn monitoring and implementation program for particular
resources~ It will also identify potential partners and funding opportUnities. Naturally the
municipalities will make the fina1 decisions on the monitoring and implementation
options.
The Phase III study component will generate the key deliverables of the study including:
. developing a draft subwatershed plan including an implementation strategy,
suggested monitoring requirements and adaptive environmental management;
. developing a mechanism and framework for evaluating impacts on the ecosystem
from future development proposals; and,
. preparing the fina1 Willow Creek Subwatershed Plan.
6.0 SCHEDULE
The study began during the spring/summer of 2000 and will continue to December 2001.
This time frame should provide for appropriate data col1ection, analysis and monitoring
for both the natural heritage infonnation and the hydrologic and hydrogeologic models
that will be used to fonn the basis of the subwatershed plan. The funding municipalities
must approve any changes to this schedule.
It may be that other studies wiU provide important additional infonnation for this study.
The Willow Creek Subwatershed Study wiII be an evolving, dynamic plan that is
designed to integrate new infonnation and data, primarily through the computer models,
as it is developed.
Please note that there will be some overlap in the timing between the phases of this
project For example some phase I data collection will be occurring during phase II,
preparations.
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Figure 1 summarizes the study schedule and deliverables.
FIGURE 1
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Phases Description f Time Frame I Maior Deliverables
Phase I Background Review and Mapping July 2000 - Phase I Interim
Sept. 2001 Report - March. 2001
Phase II Analysis and Evaluation April ~ Sept Phase II Intenm
2001 Report- Sept. 2001
Phase III Plan Preparation Sept - Dec Draft & Final
2001 Subwatershed Plans
7.0 CONSULTATION - STEERING COMMI'ITEE
Public consultation will be an important component of this project. The opportunities and
types of public input will be detennined by the Steering Committee as the study
progresses.
Steerinll; Committee
The Steering Committee will direct the study, and providing a conduit for public inputs.
The committee will be made up of the funding partners, including, the City of Barrie, '
Oro-Medonte and Springwater Townships, NVCA, and the Province represented by the
Ministry of the Environment (MOE) and the Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural
Affairs (OMAFRA). Simcoe County may also sit on the committee. The Ministry of
Natural Resources has agreed to provide technical input and review draft documents.
The Steering Committee will act as a major conduit for input ftom other agencies and
interested parties. Draft documents, including the Tenns of Reference will be circulated
to these interested agencies/parties and they will be encouraged to provide inputs both in
writing and through presentations to the Steering Committee.
Public consultation fonnat and schedules wil1 be developed by the Steering Committee.
8.0 FUNDING
The estimated total cost of the project is $100,000. A budgets will be developed that will
have some flexibility to meet possible changes in allocation requirements as the study
progresses, but always within the confines of the Tenns of Reference and the $100,000
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budget limit. There will be no changes to this upper limit without the agreement of the
funding parttiers.
Similarly if the study recommends for example, that monitoring of stream flow gauges,
weather or BioMap stations should stretch beyond December 2001, that decision would
have to be made by the municipalities.
The cost sharing for this study has been agreed to as follows:
Year 2000
NVCA - Provincial Grant
Total Projected Municipal Budget
(City of Barrie
Township of Springwater
Township ofOro-Medonte)
Total Cost Year 2000
$26,000
$26,000
$10,000
$10,000
$6,000
$52,000
Year 2001
NVCA - Projected Provincial Grant
Total Projected Municipal Budget
City of Barrie
Township ofOro-Medonte
Township of Springwater
Total Cost Year 2001
$19,000
$29,000
$11,000
$7,000
$11,000
$48000.
TOTAL PROJECT COST
$100,000
9.0 CONTENT OF FINAL PLAN
The Plan will provide strategies that are tightly focused on resolving the specific
identified issues for the Willow Creek Subwatershed.
This document will be dynamic, flexible, and continuously evolving. It will easily
integrate new studies (ground water monitoring) and information, as it becomes
available. In addition, as new developments come on line, their technical studies
(stormwater management etc.) will be automatically incorporated by NVCA into their
water management computer models. This will assist in continuously assessing the
impacts on upstream and downstream municipalities and developments as well as
assessing cumulative impacts.
Subwatershed management is about achieving that balance of meeting human needs
while protecting ecological features and functions.
In particular, the final plan will provide the following:
,>(
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. identify the location of the natural heritage system within the subwatershed;
. recommend strategies for inclusion in planning documents for the long-term
protection and restoration of the significant features and their functions.
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. establish goals, objectives, target, as weII as standards and development criteria
for water management within the subwatershed;
. provide direction for the integration of existing and new stonnwater management
systems, and select of appropriate Best Management Practices for the various
subwatershed condition;
. promote public interest in Willow Creek and the protection of its ecosystem;
. establish an implementation strategy, a plan update procedures and identify any
areas requiring additional studies with options for how they may be done;
. outline requirements for environmental monitoring programs.(e.g. watershed
health monitoring.), as well as monitoring the success of plan implementation,
including options on how they may be done.
. address cumulative impacts of changes to the natural environment, water quality,
and the water balance/budget through the monitoring program and the continuous
inputs to the water management computer models (ISWMS);
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APPENDIX A
DETAILS OF THE STUDY PROCESS
Phase I - Background Review and Constraint Mapping
(July 2000 - Sept 2001)
1.1 Overview
Subwatershed planning in Simcoe County has evolved over the years to address concerns
about environmental impacts from land use changes and other human activities. The
Nottawasaga Valley Conservation Authority's first subwatershed study, for the Black
Ash Creek (Town of Collingwood), was completed in August 2000. This study was
initiated in late 1999 with a focus on flooding and stormwater management issues.
Greenland International Consulting Inc. provided the technical water resources
engineering and monitoring support through the NVCA.
Subwatershed planning in Simcoe County deals with the diverse issues affecting their
area by integrating and co-ordinating all the available scientific data and infonnation to
provide the best tools to decision makers allowing them to make environmentally sound
decisions.
The establishment of resource management objectives, target and standards are the first
steps towards sustainable development within a watershed, such as Willow Creek.
The specific resource issues initially identified in the Willow Creek SubwaterShed are: '
. The need to establish baseline water balance!budget data analysis to provide the basis
for a water quantity allocation framework, including standards and criteria necessary
to sustain the aquatic ecosystems;
. The need to characterize and protect both surface and groundwater quality and .
linkages between them (key components include the stream corridors and aquatic
habitats, Little Lake, Minesing Swamp and groundwater recharge/discharge areas,)
including the establishment of baseline monitoring. We will also attempt to establish
an nutrient budgetlbalance;
. The integration of existing and proposed stormwater management systems for
development areas, with other water management practices, to improve water quality
and quantity control, based on our resources objectives/targets and standards;
. The need to prevent flood and erosion damage; and
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. The need to identify, protect, and restore the subwatershed's significant natural
heritage system (valleylands, ANSls, wetlands, woodlands, fish and wildlife habitats),
and their ecological fimctions.
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The natural resources of the study area are all interconnected and fonn the Willow Creek
ecosystem system. As a result, there will be some overlap between the management
objectives for the various resources.
Surface and groundwater management objectives will focus not only on maintaining
good water quality, the coldwater characteristics ofWiIIow Creek and eliminating
additional flood risk, but also, where possible, restoring the headwater tributaries, such as
Matheson Creek. This would include the potential for restoration wetlands, and
improving riparian vegetation.
Conflicts can arise from competing demands for resources within the Willow Creek
Watershed, especially with regard to their use and protection. It is these uses and
activities that need to be managed to balance and resolve these conflicts.
The identification of management objectives will be particularly important to new
developments within the study area since they will be subject to the standards and criteria
that come from these objectives.
Official plan and secondary plan designations as well as any other proposed land use
changes councils wish to include, will be obtained :trom the municipalities.
Phase I inventory data will also be compiled in a fashion that will facilitate monitoring
the achievement of resource management objectives, targets and development criteria.
Opportunities and constraints for achieving the management objectives will be assessed
at the end of Phase I based on a better understanding of the sensitivity of the study area
ecosystem to potential changes.
The identification of objectives, targets, and eventually development criteria at the early
. stages of the study will be important to ensure all opportunities for maintaining and
restoring the natural features, fimctions, processes and,linkages of tIle study area are
explored. It is the resource management objectives that will provide the direction for the
subwatershed plan. However, it is the management targets and subsequent standards and
criteria that will direct new developments. Upper and lower limits will be set for the
targets following the technical investigations. These include, "essential to maintain the
existing ecosystem system" and "maximum opportunities for restoration of degraded
portions of the existing system". The target ranges will fonn a key element in the,
generation and evaluation of alternatives during Phase II of the study.
An integrated approach wili be applied to undertake the water resource/environmental
inventory. The plan will establish the criteria, explore alternatives, evaluate options and
ultimately generate not only an integrated stonnwater management and stream corridor
restoration plan, but also an implementation strategy.
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This study has been tailored to an "environmental assessment approach", whereby the
tasks will also be governed by the guidelines and provisions set out in the document,
"Class Environmental Assessmentfor Municipal Water and Wastewater Projects"
(Municipal Engineers Association, June 1993).
This Class Environmental Assessment (Class E.A.) process represents a proven,
environmentally sound, planning procedure for certain municipal projects. The process
ensure that social, economic and natural environment factors are considered in the
planning and design of new inftastructure, should they be recommended (including
stonnwater management, road crossings, etc.), or in specific cases, the retrofitting or
expansion of existing facilities.
Two basic tenets of the environmental assessment process are that:
1) The objectives of maintaining and restoring the natural environment are to be
considered equal to any other objectives given as the reason for the project's
existence; and,
2) This cannot be achieved without public participation.
The subwatershed planning process also incorporates a number of phases and tasks,
similar to the Class E.A. process. Our staged approach for the Willow Creek
Subwatershed Study will also allow for a review of alternatives (during Phase II) to arri~e
at a recommended subwatershed management plan with associated mitigative design
concepts. Our final report will fulfil many of the requirements of the municipal Class
E.A. planning and design process for the future construction of municipal water and
wastewater projects, stonnwater management facilities and erosion control works.
1.2 Phase 1 Details.
1.2.1 Identification of Resource Management Objectives
The identification of resource objectives and specific targets and standards at the early stages of
the subwatershed study is important to ensure all opportunities are explored for maintaining and
restoring the naturaI features and functions of the study area. Resource objectives for example,
may focus on maintaining good water quality and cold water characteristics of streams
(Matheson Creek) or geared towards the restoration ofa specified reach of Willow Creek
including potential for the restoration of wetlands, improving water quality and creation offish
habitat along headwater tributaries.
The identification of management objectives and targets are particularly important for
new developments, so that they will know what standards and criteria they must achieve.
The criteria will ensure that the quality of a watercourse will be maintained without
eliminating opportunities for development.
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The Phase I inventory data wiJJ be compiled in a fashion that will be useful in
implementing the management objectives (i.e. data parameters should be matched with
identified issues). At the end of Phase I the opportunities and constraints for achieving
the management objectives will be assessed. It will be based an understanding of the
sensitivity of the ecosystem to potential changes in land use.
1.2.2. Database of Existing Conditions
This study component will involve the completion of the following tasks:
i) Preparation of a standard base map and databases for the study area using available
digital base mapping. This will include the collection of all relevant data ftom the
municipalities, NVCA, Simcoe County, other agencies, developers and consultants.
ii) Assessment and evaluation of the available infonnation in the context of needs of the
subwatershed management plan.
iii) Development of fieldwork programs for the following:
. Fieldwork required to fill any gaps in infonnation on the natural heritage system; to
satisfy requirements for biological assessment (BioMap and nutrient analysis); and
temperature surveys to characterize "cold water" habitats and help to verify the
hydrologic models.
. Installation of subwatershed monitoring equipment - including climate stations (fitted
. with a tipping bucket rain gauge), and continuous stream flow gauges,
. Spot measurements of stream baseflow (or groundwater discharge) at other locations
using portable velocity meter equipment; and, .
. Collection of local precipitation data (if available) and stream flow records for
existing hydrometric stations in the vicinity of the study area.
iv) Development of hydrologic computer models for the study area using software
programs developed by Greenland International, such as ISWMSTM (Integrated
Stonnwater and Watershed Management System). ISWMSTM will be used to confirm
pre~development flow targets, stonnwater management design criteria, water balance,
and nutrient analysis.
Unit hydrograph calculations in ISWMS, for example, are the same as those in Visual
OTIHYMOO which is now the "hydrologic model of choice" by consultants for
preparing cost-effective, solid and defendable functional servicing plans. Therefore,
our modelling approach with ISWMSTM will allow (after the study) a developer's
consultant to use Visual OTIHYMOO so that "site-specific" plan of subdivision
models can be "plugged-in" directly to the ISWMSTM model of the Willow Creek
Subwatershed. Timely and efficient technical approvals will be the result too.
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Development of a water balance model for the study area which will be used for
characterizing seasonal components of the hydrologic cycle including precipitation,
baseflow, surface runoff and evapotranspiration. Finally, hydrologic models will be
calibrated using collected stream flow and precipitation data (if available) during the
study.
1.2.3 Field Inventories, Hydrometric and Water QualityMonitorin~
Hydrogeology
The collection of hydrogeological baseline data will be through the MOE/NVCA
groundwater monitoring agreement. As the details of his component of the study become
. available, we will integrate them into our study.
However, we will ensure that the Willow Creek Subwatershed Study remains "self
sufficient" and independent should the groundwater study, experience delays.
Climate Stations
The use of climate data stations within the study area is recommended. The proposed
locations will be confinned during Phase I. Climate station equipment should include the
following features, if possible with remote sensing data collection capabilities for later
use by the NVCA for flood forecasting capabilities:
Barometric Pressure;
Degree Days
Evapotranspiration
Humidity and Dew Point
Leaf Wetness
Precipitation
Solar Radiation and Energy
Temperature
UV Radiation
Wind SpeedlDirection
Streamflow Discharge
We will install at least three (3) water level streamflow recording devices in the study
are~ (fall, 2000 to fall 2001). The primary purpose of these recording stream flow gauges
will be to collect infonnation on baseflow and flood runoff hydrographs to be used in
hydrologic model calibration and hydrogeologic investigations. The establishment of
stage-discharge rating curves at the station will based on obtaining a series of stream flow
measurements (points) over the full hydraulic conveyance range of the station. All
fieldwork will be done to applicable International Hydrometric Standards and each
station will be levelled from an assumed datum.
Stream Water Quality
The steam water quality monitoring requirements for the study will include the following.
We will first conduct an overview of natural conditions in the subwatershed (plant
communities, aquatic habitat) to assist in identify potential areaS for protection and
restoration. Specific sources of actual or potential contaminants may also be noted.
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An initial assessment of the streams water quality will be made through NVCA's Stream
Health Monitoring Program, (a biological monitoring assessment program).
Our approach to biological monitoring uses the BioMAP (Biological Monitoring and
Assessment Program) protocol. BioMAP provides a description of the current stream
health and conditions based on an assessment of the aquatic invertebrate community
present at a site.
Stream health is a measure of how closely a stream's habitat, water quality and living
commW1ity match its historical potential. We are able to evaluate a site's potential by
comparing it to other streams (reference sites) that share similar physiological and
historic attributes such as soil types, substrate, gradient, temperature, groW1dwater flows
etc. but are still in a "pristine" (unimpaired) condition.
Biological monitoring was borne out of the concept that the community of living things at
a site tells a lot about habitat and water quality. Benthic (bottom dwelling) invertebrates
are particularly useful indicators and have been used in many studies: .
. to establish baseline water quality conditions prior to development or other land
use change. Various commW1ity indicators and analytical approaches can then be
used to detect changes over time to habitat and water quality;
. as surrogate indicators and to provide early warning of potential impacts to the
fish community;
· as diagnostic indicators to detennine the magnitude, range of effect and cause of
impainnents to the aquatic system.
Wl1/ow Creek Water Quality
We have asked MOE to conduct a water quality study, perhaps through a partnership.
with NVCA, for Willow Creek with a focus on Little Lake similar to the Couchiching
Study just completed. The study could provide us with the basis for a nutrient budget and
would provide the much needed baseline water quality infonnation necessary for long
tenn monitoring.
1.2.4 Natural heritage system - Collection of Available Infonnation
Background data on the natural heritage system (features and functions) of the study area
will be collected from local, regional and provincial sources. Based on background data
review and verification, some "reconnaissance level" field inventory and assessment may
be necessary to refine or add to the bOW1daries of the natural heritage system.
Delineation of Natural Heritage System
The natural heritage system of the study area will be defmed using existing information
(county and mW1icipal ~'greenlands" mapping) with the addition of any other features,
which are ecologically important to the Willow Creek Watershed. The system will meet
the requirements of the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) with respect to significant
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woodlands, valleylands, fish and wildlife habitats, wetland, area of natural and scientific
interest, and the habitats of endangered and threatened species.
Sensitive ground water recharge/discharge areas and headwaters will also be identified
protected as part of the system in accordance with the PPS.
The system will also address the functional relationships and linkages with features
outside the study area, for example groundwater inputs and as other linkages with the Oro
Moraine.
The natural heritage system will fonn the basis of a constraint map and assist in the
development of subwatershed management targets and standards to be used in the
evaluation of proposed developments.
1.2.5 Hydrology
Collection of Available Information
Data pertaining to the hydrology and hydraulics of the subwatershed study area
will be collected. This information will include: .
Q Existing HYMO, OTTHYMO and HEC-2 computer models;
Q 1: 2,000 and 1: 1 0,000 digital mapping files;
Q Culvert dimensions and descriptions;
Q Soils, physiography, and land use mapping;
Q Agricultural land use mapping and tile drainage mapping; and,
Q Available infonnation on the quality or quantity of flow in the watercoW'Ses.
Hydrologic Modelling
The hydrologic modelling component of will include three primary components:
characterization of hydrologic features and functions, event simulation, and continuous
simulation.
The first hydrologic task wilI be to identify the hydrologic features and functions of the
study area. This characterization will be completed in conjunction with the natural
environment assessment. The purpose of the characterization will be to understand all
facets of subwatershed hydrology, such that features and functions critical to achieving
the objectives and targets for the subwatershed plan will be maintained as development
proceeds.
Event simulation modelling of existing conditions using Greenland's ISWMSTM
programs will be completed to establish pre-development levels and in Phase II to assist
in the evaluation of Best Management Practices, flood control facilities and road
crossings. An event simulation model will be completed for designstonns ranging from
the 2-year event to the Regional Storm. The model would also be calibrated using data,collected from the proposed stream flow loggers in order to assess the rainfall-runoff
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responses. Once input generated by our model reflect characteristics exhibited by the
stream flow data, the event-based hydrologic models can then be applied with confidence
to evaluate the suitability of various BMPs using event-based design storms, and flood
control facilities in meeting subwatershed objectives and targets.
Continuous simulation modelling will also be undertaken using the ISWMSTM program.
The pre-development models will be fine tuned/refined to characterize the exist!ng flow
regimes, bankfull flow conditions and erosion indices. ~n Phase II, the model Will be used
to estimate changes in runoff hydrology and water qualIty expected trom the proposed
land use changes and the effect of management measures to avoid changes to the flow
regime which would lead to channel instability.
1.2.6 Hydrogeology
Overview
Implementation of much of this component may depend on the MOE/NVCA
groundwater monitoring agreement. As detail of the agreement become available we will
plug them into our study and add their contributions to this section
If for some reason the study is delayed or not undertaked, we wiU snU proceed within
our own timeframe and with available data and information.
The primary objectives of this study component during Phase I are to:
· Detennine the geologic, soil conditions and drainage characteristics within the
study area;
· Produce hydrogeological maps showing depth to groundwater, flow directions,
aquifer yields, areas of recharge and discharge, etc.; (nom the MOEINVCA
ground water monitoring study) ,
· Assess the role of groundwater in supporting natural features such as wetlands,
vegetation and streamflow; and
. Water balance/budget
To achieve the above objectives, we will collect existing data in the fonn of topographic
mapping, geological'maps and reports, soils maps, aerial photography, well records and
the results of any previous investigations in the study area or in adjoining areas. These
may include hydrogeological reports or other sub-surface investigations relating to '
proposed developments. The data collected will be analyzed in the office and, where
appropriate, plotted on working base maps. This preliminary interpretation will then both
serve as a basis for the field mapping and will be checked in the field and revised where
appropriate. Mapping will identify soils and surficial deposits and notable features such
as wetlands. We will then identify where the streams are fed by groundwater and where,
if applicable, they are contributing to the groundwater body. Using available data ftom
existing sources/documents, estimates of the depth to the water table will be made and,
importantly, those areas where more data is required will be identified.
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A careful review of existing and pending Pennits to Take Water (pITW) will also be
undertaken. The pennits will be evaluated on the basis of re-distribution of groundwater
resources (e.g. taking water from a lower aquifer and recharged to upper aquifers - urban
withdrawals with discharge to tile fields), removal of groundwater resources from the
study area (discharge to streams, bottling operations etc.) and the change from
, groundwater to surface water storage (below-water-table aggregate operations). Water
quality data Horn the OF A's "Baseline Water Well Sampling Program" will be helpful in
establishing regional groundwater flow patterns and water quality characteristics of
individual aquifer units.
We will analyze the results from available soil data and groundwater monitoring program
during the study. The mapping of the soil conditions will allow for the identification of
potentially sensitive areas of groundwater recharge. Seasonal variations in groundwater
levels, as observed in the observation well network, will provide an indication of the
magnitude, location and timing of recharge within subwatersheds.
In general, the aim of the hydrogeologic investigations during Phase I will be to obtain an
understanding of the occurrence and movement of groundwater within the study area and
to detennine its relationship with the surface water regime. The role that groundwater
plays in sustaining various natural features will be assessed.
The MOEINVCA monitoring program will playa significant role in this effort. Jfthis
agreement does not proceed at this time, the infonnation will be integrated when it is
available.
1.3 Phase II - Alternatives and Evaluation (April - Sept 200lt
1.3.1 Water Balance/Bud2et Analysis
The effects of proposed land use changes on recharge/discharge characteristics will be
evaluated using Greenland's ISWMSTM models. The model established to represent
existing conditions at Phase I will be modified to account for the proposed land use
changes and the management measures geared towards maintaining or restoring
recharge/discharge characteristics. The model will be developed in consultation with
aquatic and terrestrial disciplines of the regulatory agencies, as well as municipal and
NVCA staff, to ensure infonnation will be available at key locations in the study area
where impacts on watershed management objectives can be.assessed.
1.3.2 Hydrol02ic Modelling
The ISWMSTM models developed during Phase I will also be modified to reflect the
proposed land use development scenario and preliminary stonnwater management
measures required to meet the resource management objectives. A combination of at-
soUrce, conveyance and end-of-pipe management measures would be considered as
means of:
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. Controlling peak flows to pre-development levels;
. Maintaining pre-development erosion indices; and,
. Providing water quality controls.
I
A long-list of potential alternatives will be developed and screened to detennine feasible
alternatives based on technical feasibility, cost and ability of the proposed alternative to
meet the study environmental criteria. The post-development hydrologic mo~els will be
developed in consultation with the aquatic, terrestrial and fluvial geomorphology
disciplines to ensure infonnation is generated that can be used to assess the ability to
meet ~esource management objectives.
1.3.3 Assessment of Impacts on the Ecosystem
The water balance and hydrologic modeling results ftom the above tasks will be used to
assess impacts to streambank erosion, channel stability, fish and wildlife populations and
habitat, and natural environment features and functions. The effectiveness of alternative
structural versus non~structural management measures will be evaluated with respect to:
. Meeting resource objectives; and,
. Providing a reasonable trade-off in BMP implementation costs versus achieving the
desired development yield for the subject lands.
The evaluation of the proposed developments and management measures will be
documented in the Phase II report. A management strategy will be developed which
identifies the land use alternative and management measures, which maximizes resource
management opportunities and land development potential.
Water Resources
The Phase II water resources component study will involve the following main
tasks:
CJ Modifying the ISWMSTM models established in Phase I, to represent the
hydrology of the proposed developments;
CJ Identifying and configuring a combination of at-source, conveyance and end-
of-pipe SWM measures designed to mitigate the potential impacts of the
proposed development scenario;
CJ Evaluating the post-development hydrology against indicators such as pre-
development peak flows, flow regimes, bankfull conditions, erosion indices,
impact on existing water balance relationships, etc.;
CJ Tabulating the modelling results and assessing the implications of changes in
hydrology;
o Forecast post-development water quality based on available water quality and
other stream health indicator data, monitoring infonnation available ftom
other developed/developing areas and information in the literature.
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1.4 Phase III Plan Preparation (Sept - Dee 2001)
The Phase III study component will generate the key deliverables of the study including:
. The draft and final subwatershed plan with clear objectives, S.M.A.R. T targets
and an implementation strategy; and
. A monitoring and adaptive environmental management plan.
Development of the Subwatershed Plan
The subwatershed plan will provide the City of Barrie, Springwater and Oro-Medonte
Townships, regulatory agencies, developers and stakeholders with recommendations and
guidance, from an ecological perspective, on how development should proceed. It would
specific what actions and projects need to be completed, in order to maintain and restore
the health of the study area's ecosystem. Typically, we have found it appropriate to:
> Recommend where development should not occur, as governed by the "no
development areas" in the Provincial Policy Statement and direction from municipal
councils as foHows:
. Provincially significant wetlands .
. Significant habitats of threatened and endangered species
. Flood plain areas
. Other significant areas as directed by council (e.g. watercourse setbacks,
sensitive groundwater recharge/discharge areas, all wetlands, etc.)
> Recommend the requirements for appropriate studies such as EIS's and/or
hydrogeological studies for the remainder of the natural heritage system and adjacent
lands.
> Recommend how development should occur, by specifying developmeI)t criteria:
. Peak flow attenuation
. At-source controls/infiltration
. Water quality and erosion controls
. During construction controls
> Recommend how current land use practices can be improved through:
. Management measures required in existing built areas
. Management and conservation practices (wise stewardship) required in
ruraVagricultural areas including headwaters areas
> Recommend appropriate one-time or on-going projects or specific programs that
should be implemented to benefit the health of the study area:
. Erosion protection measures
. Restoring vegetative canopy, riparian vegetation, and wetlands
. Stream rehabilitation requirements
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. Public awareness programs
The opportunities for groundwater and surface water protection in the Willow Creek
Subwatershed will be researched and strategies for implementation will be recommended.
The areas susceptible to potential groundwater impainnent will have been identified in
Phase I.
Preparation of Implementation Strate1O'
The Implementation Strategy will be prepared in a manner that provides infonnation on
implementation requirements, poli~y considerations and agency responsibilities, as well
as a discussion on ways of getting the public involved in the implementation of the
subwatershed management plan. In order for the plan to achieve its full potential, it is
important that progress is made in:
);0> Maintaining, and restoring the natural heritage system;
);0> Employing appropriate development criteria including stonn water
management standards and appropriate Best Management Practices and;
);0> Incorporating best management practices to improve conditions in existing
developed areas;
);0> Undertaking special projects and programs to benefit the subwatershed's
ecosystems;
~ . Developing appropriate programs to monitor stream health as well as the
implementation success of the plan; and
~ Outlining how the plan will be updated utilizing the result of both the
environmental and plan implementation monitoring programs;
The following tables provide a summary of the work program for 2000 and 200 1.
(Please note that background work on the Tenns of Reference, Issues paper~ and Goal
and Objectives started as early as April 2000, with the bulk of the work commencing at
the end of August.
Draft Work Program 2000
s
2 0 0 0
o N D
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Draft Work Proe:ram for 2001
I
Year
Month
Phase I: Back~rolJnd Review and Constraint Mappine;
Identification of resource management objectives
Esta !ish Tenns of Reference
Collection and review of available information
Preliminary identification of features, functions, processes and linkages
Preparation of Study area base mapping with existmg data
Identification 0 data gaps and field program requirements
Completion 0 as-required tield work to till in data gaps (Including Stream
Preparation 0 y rolog c (ISWMS) computer models
Complet on ofconstramt/opportunity analysis
Preparation of Phase I interim Report
ow quality monilanng)
Phase II: Alternatives & Evaluation
Water BalancelBudget Analysis, an evaluation of alternative land use scenarios a Impact assessment
Re !Rement of P sse J computer models to reflect proposed and use plan
Identification of optional management measures to mitigate potential impacts
Completion of prehminary design or management system BMPs, crossings, etc.}
Assessment of potentia ecosystem mpacts
Preparation of Phase II interim Report
Phase III: Action Plan
elopment ofSubwatershed Management Plan
Preparation 0 . Implementation Strategy
Preparation of adaptive Envlronmenta Man8lement Mon to I Program
Preparation 0 implementation guidelines
Preparation of Draft and Final Reports
't!eI'iM Commiltel: Meedll.
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APPENDIX B
INTEGRATED STORMW A TER AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(ISWMSTM)
The major characteristics of ISWMSTM are the integration of database management and
geographic information systems, as wen as hydrologic and hydraulic modeling software
that are used worldwide. The system can also be used for flood forecasting (continuous
and real-time simulation), water balance analysis! management, erosion control,
stonnwater management (minor-major drainage systems and pond maintenance),
watershed planning, databas~ management (interfaced with geographic infonnation
systems) and modeling uncertainty analysis under an integrated environment. Future
enhancements by Greenland International Consulting Inc. will include the addition of
environmental monitoring (e.g. "stream health indicator" database) and water quality I
assimilative capacity modules so those practitioners can develop sustainable water use
optimization strategies and better understand water balance impacts from climate change
and variability. These future upgrades to the ISWMSTM will be important for the long-
tenn monitoring program associated with the Subwatershed Plan. The integrated
approach used to develop ISWMSTM will not only strengthen the mo'deling functiona1ity
for stonnwater management and watershed planning that is aimed at sustainable
development, ecological dynamic stability and multi-objectives, but also significantly
improve the efficiency of data management and execution of model simulation. The
figure below illustrates some of the ISWMSTM components.
Water Quality & Environmental
Monitoring
Water Balance
Flood Forecasting
Uncertainty
Analysis
GIS & DBMS
Watershed
Planning
Erosion
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